Deaths Resulting from Gunshot in Aba: A Seven Year Morphological Analysis (2018-2024)

Abstract

Gunshot wounds are among the most common cause of homicide deaths in Nigeria and, in many instances, the most common means of suicide globally. An important and common practice among forensic pathologists is to analyse and interpret fatal gunshot wounds. A correct interpretation of gunshot wounds is essential for the final determination of manner of death and it provides valuable information to law enforcement in their investigations. This study examines the morphological characteristics of gunshot-related fatalities in Aba over a seven-year period, from 2018 to 2024. Utilizing the comprehensive analysis of autopsy reports and medical records, the study identify trends in demographics, wound patterns, and fatality rates associated with gun violence in the region. The results showed that fatalities within the study area indicated that 55% of deaths occurred in urban settings, particularly in high- neighborhoods. Gang-related violence accounted for 40% of cases, while other circumstances included robbery (25%), domestic disputes (15%), and political violence (10%). The morphological analysis of gunshot wounds revealed that handguns were the most commonly used weapons, involved 65% of cases, followed by rifles (25%) and shotguns (10%). From the results, 195(60%) of victims sustaining multiple wounds, followed by the head 91(28%) and extremities 26(08%) as the wound patterns. In relation to the associated injuries, 130(40%) of victims presented with blunt force injuries, often indicating a struggle prior to death. The findings reveal a significant increase in gunshot deaths, particularly among young adult males, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions. The morphological analysis underscores the common types of injuries sustained, including entrance and exit wounds, and their correlation with the type of firearms used. This research aims to provide critical insights for public health officials, law enforcement, and policymakers in formulating effective strategies to combat gun violence and improve community safety in Aba. By elucidating the patterns and implications of gunshot fatalities, we contribute to the broader discourse on violence prevention and health outcomes in urban settings.