Crop Diversification Index in Drought-Prone Areas of Sangli District (2010–2024): A Case Study of Khanapur Taluka

Abstract

Crop diversification is a key strategy for improving the livelihoods of farmers in the drought-prone regions of Maharashtra. Sangli district - particularly Khanapur taluka - has been affected by repeated droughts, uneven rainfall, declining groundwater levels and increasing climatic stress. This study analyses the changes in cropping patterns in Khanapur taluka from 2010 to 2024 using statistical indices such as the Herfindahl Index (HI) and Gibbs–Martin Index (GMI). The required secondary data was obtained from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES), Government of Maharashtra, District Statistical Abstracts (2010–2023) and IMD rainfall reports. The findings indicate that after 2015, farmers gradually reduced their dependence on water-intensive crops like sugarcane and shifted toward pulses, jowar, bajra, vegetables and horticultural crops. This transition accelerated after the severe 2016 drought, supported by government initiatives and farmers’ adaptive strategies. Overall, crop diversification in Khanapur is moderate but shows a consistent upward trend. However, it remains sensitive to rainfall variability, water scarcity and market fluctuations. The study also provides policy recommendations and sustainable agricultural practices to further strengthen crop diversification in the region.