Comparative Analysis of Swaras in Indian Classical Music: A Structural, Theoretical, and Pedagogical Perspective

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative study of Swaras in Indian classical music, with a particular focus on the structural, tonal, and theoretical differences between the Hindustani and Carnatic traditions. Drawing upon ancient treatises and modern scholarship, the research analyzes the evolution, classification, and practical applications of Swaras. The study also explores improvisational techniques, modal systems, and ornamentation, thereby offering a systematic understanding of the role of Swaras in pedagogy and performance. This comparative inquiry contributes to the discourse on musical divergence and unity within the broader framework of Indian classical music.
This study provides a deeper investigation into the conceptual, structural, and pedagogical interpretations of Swaras in the Hindustani and Carnatic classical traditions. Beyond describing differences, it critically examines how pitch classification, modal systems, microtonality, ornamentation, pedagogy, and aesthetic orientation contribute to unique musical identities. The study contributes to broader Indian musicology by explaining how theoretical frameworks, performance practice, and pedagogy collectively shape Swara interpretation in contemporary practice.