TV White Spaces as a Viable Alternative for Internet Access in Rural Communities of Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

Rural communities in Benue State, Nigeria, face persistent barriers to internet access due to the high cost of cellular data—the main connectivity option in these areas. This study evaluates the economic feasibility of Television White Space (TVWS) technology as a cost-effective alternative for individuals and organizations in rural Benue State. Using a comparative cost analysis that combines primary survey data from 247 respondents across six Local Government Areas with international TVWS deployment benchmarks, the study reveals significant cost advantages of TVWS over cellular networks. Current cellular data costs average ₦8,450 monthly for individuals and ₦90,000–₦265,000 for organizations, while TVWS-based services could deliver comparable access at 60–85% lower costs. The findings suggest that TVWS presents a viable option for reducing connectivity expenses and bridging the digital divide in rural Nigeria. However, successful implementation requires addressing regulatory gaps, infrastructure needs, equipment affordability, and digital literacy challenges. The study recommends phased pilot deployments, equipment subsidy programs, digital literacy initiatives, and the development of a supportive regulatory framework to facilitate TVWS adoption for affordable rural broadband access.