Trends in Learning Achievement in Indian Schools: Insights from NAS 2017 and 2021

Abstract

The present study provides a descriptive analysis of trends in students’ learning achievement in India based on the results of the National Achievement Survey (NAS) 2017 and NAS 2021. The NAS, conducted by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), assesses the learning outcomes of students across Grades 3, 5, 8, and 10 on a standardized scale of 500. Using purely secondary data from official NAS reports, the paper examines changes in average performance levels across grades, subjects, and states to understand patterns of improvement or decline during the period marked by the implementation of the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SMSA) and the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis reveals an overall decline in learning achievement across all grades and subjects, with the sharpest reductions observed in mathematics and language competencies. Despite improvements in access and infrastructure under SMSA, learning levels did not show corresponding gains, highlighting the persistent learning crisis in Indian schools. The findings emphasize the need for systemic reforms focusing on pedagogical support, teacher training, and periodic assessment-driven interventions.