Socio-Demographic Profile of Jenu Kuruba (a PVTG) and HakkiPikki (a Scheduled Tribe) Community of Karnataka: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Tribal populations in India represent a significant segment of socio-cultural diversity, yet they remain among the most socio-economically marginalized groups. Understanding their demographic and social profiles is crucial for developing effective policies and interventions. This cross-sectional study examined the socio-demographic characteristics of two tribal communities in Karnataka: the Jenu Kuruba, categorized as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), and the Hakki Pikki, a Scheduled Tribe (ST). Data were collected from a total of 430 adults (Jenu Kuruba: 210; Hakki Pikki: 220) as part of a doctoral field study conducted in selected tribal hamlets. Using a structured schedule, information was gathered on demographic, educational, occupational, economic, and infrastructural parameters. The findings revealed substantial inter-tribal differences. The Jenu Kuruba community had a higher proportion of illiterates and individuals engaged in daily wage labor, reflecting limited access to education and occupational mobility.
In contrast, the HakkiPikki showed a relatively higher level of literacy and greater engagement in small businesses and self-employment, indicating exposure to semi-urban economies. Household infrastructure indicators, such as sanitation, access to safe drinking water, and the use of clean cooking fuel, were comparatively better among the HakkiPikki. The results highlight the persistence of socio-economic vulnerability among the Jenu Kuruba and a gradual transition among the Hakki Pikki toward improved living standards. These findings underscore the importance of tribe-specific development strategies and culturally sensitive policy planning to address disparities among Karnataka’s tribal communities.