Recent Breakthroughs and Emerging Trends in Gullain Barre Syndrome

Abstract

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune polyneuropathy causing progressive weakness, loss of reflexes, and sensory or autonomic dysfunction. It often follows Campylobacter jejuni infection due to molecular mimicry between microbial and nerve antigens. GBS affects 1–2 per 100,000 people annually, mainly males and older adults. Subtypes include AIDP, AMAN, AMSAN, and Miller Fisher syndrome. Diagnosis relies on clinical signs, CSF analysis, and nerve conduction studies. Early treatment with IVIG or plasma exchange improves outcomes, though some patients face lasting disability or death. Supportive care, physiotherapy, and new immunotherapies enhance recovery, while infection prevention helps reduce risk.