Gender and Political Exclusion: An Analysis of Women's Marginalization in India's Democracy

Abstract

In this research paper we examine the endemic problem of political exclusion because of gender and marginalization of women in the democratic structure of India. Although Indian society entails constitutional equalization and universal right to vote, women remain exposed to systemic obstacles towards complete political participation. The paper discusses the complexity of women marginalization by looking at the historical, socio-cultural, economic and institutional aspects that render women uninclusive in political processes. It points out the irony of the democracy in India, wherein women have done remarkably well in the grassroots sphere with the Panchayati Raj system, but are grossly under-represented in the national and state Assembly. This research brings into focus patriarchal practices, party systems, election processes and socio-economic disparities that continue to enforce gender marginalization. This research paper by combining both feminist political theory and empirical evidence highlights how the political exclusion compromises the principles of equality, justice, and participatory democracy. It finds that the democratization of political spaces needs not only the legal changes in the form of reservation policies but also the cultural one that would break the gender prejudice that is gained over centuries. To enhance democracy legitimacy and substantive gender equality in the India political arena, women leadership and inclusive governance should be encouraged.