Assessing the Contribution of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) To Economic Growth and National Development in Nigeria

Abstract

This study assessed the contribution of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to economic growth and national development in Nigeria between 2015 and 2025. Using a mixed-method approach that combined secondary quantitative data from the National Bureau of Statistics, Central Bank of Nigeria, and World Bank with qualitative insights from SDG progress reports and policy documents, the research analyzed the relationship between SDG implementation and key economic indicators, Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) per capita, employment rate, Gini index, and capital expenditure. The findings revealed a positive but uneven impact of SDG initiatives on Nigeria’s economic performance. While progress in infrastructure (SDG 9) and human capital development (SDGs 4 and 8) contributed to moderate growth, persistent inequality and governance challenges limited inclusive development outcomes. The regression analysis indicated that capital expenditure and employment rates had significant positive effects on economic growth, whereas inequality exerted a negative influence. The study concludes that achieving the SDGs in Nigeria requires strengthened institutional capacity, consistent policy coordination, and targeted investment in pro-poor and job-intensive sectors. It recommends enhancing data-driven monitoring, promoting fiscal transparency, and fostering private sector partnerships to sustain progress toward the 2030 Agenda. Overall, the research underscores the SDGs’ catalytic role in shaping Nigeria’s path toward inclusive and sustainable national development.