368 Articles
Dr. Naftal Michira Nyang’ara
Corporal punishment was officially banned in Kenyan schools in 2001 through a government circular and the Children's Act. This notwithstanding, in order to enforce and maintain order in schools, teachers have chosen corporal punishment to realize this. Despite the official ban, reports from studies and information from both print and electronic media have revealed that the practice continues in many Kenyan schools. However, there is little information on the factors that influence teachers’ choice of corporal punishment as a disciplinary measure on students. This study therefore was an examination of the factors influencing teachers' choice of corporal punishment as a disciplinary measure on students in Kenyan Public Secondary Schools in Masaba North, Kisii County, Kenya. To achieve this objective the study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Stratified random sampling was used to sample schools where teacher and student respondents were drawn from. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 200 participants from a target population of 400 participants. Data was collected using Teacher Corporal Punishment Questionnaire (TCPQI). Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection. These included structured questionnaire, interview schedule and document analysis. Data was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively in the light of the research questions. Data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 22.0). Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study revealed that; 45.5%) of the participants had not obtained any alternative training methods while a simple majority (54.5%) had undergone training in alternative discipline methods hence a source of information on teachers’ choice about corporal punishment. Majority (66.7%) of the participants felt that they were unsupported on matters of discipline therefore corporal punishment was the way to go, whilst (43.3%) indicated that they had all the support from management on matters regarding student behavior, (60%) of the participants disagreed with the statement that ineffective policies was an important consideration , whilst (40%) agreed with the statement that ineffective policies was an important consideration on the use of corporal punishment, majority (60%) of the participants agreed that high indiscipline cases was a determinant to teachers’ choices to use corporal punishment, whilst 33% of the participants did not believe so. A simple majority of (53%) reported that lack of consultation on the ban of corporal punishment was not a factor that determined their choice of corporal punishment whilst (46.6%) reported that it was a factor that informed their choice on corporal punishment. The study makes the following recommendations; Strengthenment of Institutional Support Systems: Since the findings of the study revealed that 66.7% of teachers felt unsupported, this means therefore that schools and the Ministry of Education should establish robust, easily accessible support systems which includes; clear disciplinary policies, mentorship programs, and on-site behavioral specialists who includes school counselors to help teachers manage challenging student behaviors effectively. Mandatory and Comprehensive Training: While 54.5% received some training, the high prevalence of corporal punishment suggests the training may be inadequate or not universally applied. The government should implement mandatory, high-quality, and ongoing professional development in positive discipline methods, conflict resolution, and behavior management. Monitor and Enforce the Ban: The continued practice despite the 2001 ban suggests a lack of enforcement. Clearer mechanisms for monitoring compliance, reporting incidents anonymously, and implementing fair disciplinary action against repeat offenders are necessary to uphold the law. Promotion of a Whole-School Culture Change: Disciplinary reform needs to be a school-wide initiative, involving administrators, teachers, parents, and students. Fostering a positive school climate focused on mutual respect and non-violent conflict resolution is crucial.
Dr. Madhvi Kush, Muhammad Farooq Zafar, Rajat Kush
This research paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the Bahraini financial system, grounded in the Central Bank of Bahrain’s Financial Stability Report (FSR), March 2025. The paper systematically examines key developments across various financial sub-sectors, including the banking industry, capital markets, insurance services, monetary indicators, and the growing digital payments and FinTech ecosystem. The analysis focuses on the year ending December 2024. The findings underscore the resilience and adaptability of Bahrain's financial institutions amidst a globally volatile economic environment characterized by geopolitical uncertainties and tightening monetary conditions. The study highlights how strong capital adequacy, diversified financial services, effective supervision, and a commitment to financial innovation have collectively contributed to preserving financial stability. By offering a macro prudential perspective on Bahrain's economy, this research aims to support regional discourse on sustainable financial development and guide policy formulation.
Niranjan Ramesh Giri
Anemia remains a major public-health challenge in India, particularly among tribal adolescents who face nutritional, social, and cultural disadvantages. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and determinants of anemia among 200 adolescents (10–19 years) from a remote tribal area of the Peth region, Nashik District, Maharashtra. Hemoglobin levels were estimated using the cyanmethemoglobin method, and socio-dietary data were obtained through structured questionnaires. Results revealed that 68 % of girls and 54 % of boys were anemic, mostly of moderate severity. Inadequate dietary diversity, early menarche, poor sanitation, and limited healthcare access were key contributing factors. Compared with national data from NFHS-5 (2019–21), anemia prevalence in this tribal cohort was markedly higher. Gender-based disparities and cultural taboos restricting food intake during menstruation further worsened the problem. The findings underscore the need for targeted school-based iron supplementation, nutrition education, and culturally sensitive interventions. Addressing anemia in tribal adolescents is vital for improving health equity, educational outcomes, and future socioeconomic development.
Christiana Ozeiza Apata, David Chinonso Anih, Joy Obinne Onichabor, Monday William Tarshi, Oluwadamisi Tayo-Ladega, Ugochukwu Cyrilgentle Okorocha, Uzoegbo Helen Njideka
Mycotoxins are pervasive contaminants of staple crops in tropical and subtropical regions and pose a persistent threat to food safety and public health, particularly among nutritionally vulnerable communities. This systematic review synthesizes evidence published between 2020 and 2025 on the bidirectional relationship between nutritional deficiencies and susceptibility to mycotoxicosis, integrating mechanistic, observational, and intervention studies to provide an integrated perspective. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and screened studies that examined nutrient status, absorption, detoxification, immune function, and health outcomes associated with aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. Results identify several convergent mechanisms by which poor nutritional status amplifies mycotoxin harm. Protein energy deficiency and inadequate micronutrients such as vitamins A, C, E, folate, selenium, zinc, and iron impair hepatic Phase I and Phase II detoxification enzymes, reduce antioxidant defenses, and weaken immune competence. Conversely, common mycotoxins damage intestinal architecture and downregulate nutrient transporters, creating malabsorption syndromes that perpetuate nutrient loss. This reciprocal interaction generates a toxico nutritional spiral that is most evident among children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised adults in low income settings, with documented consequences including stunting, anemia, and adverse birth outcomes. The review highlights the predictive value of nutritional biomarkers such as serum retinol, selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase activity, plasma folate, serum zinc, and urinary oxidative damage markers to stratify vulnerability and monitor interventions. Evidence for mitigation supports integrated approaches combining agricultural measures to reduce contamination, biofortification, targeted micronutrient supplementation, improved post-harvest storage, culturally appropriate food processing, and gut focused strategies such as probiotics. While heterogeneity in study design limited meta-analysis, mechanistic findings from in vitro, animal, and human studies converge to justify context specific trials of combined nutrition and food safety interventions. We conclude that reducing the burden of mycotoxicosis requires coordinated multisectoral policies that link nutrition programs with crop management and surveillance, and research that advances biomarker validation, omics based mechanistic discovery, and scalable delivery models. Implementing these strategies can disrupt the toxico nutritional spiral, protect vulnerable populations, and strengthen food system resilience against a changing climate. Policy makers, researchers, and communities must collaborate to translate evidence into action.
Dr. Akriti Jaiswal, Shimmi Rai
ABSTRACT Purpose This study aims to explore the impact of digital overload on employee health and well-being in modern workplaces and to evaluate the role of digital detox initiatives as part of talent management strategies in mitigating these effects. Design/Methodology The research utilizes a comprehensive secondary analysis, drawing from academic literature, industry reports, organizational case studies, reputable websites, and bibliometric analysis. This approach facilitates a nuanced understanding of existing knowledge on digital overload and the effectiveness of digital detox measures in real-world settings. Findings The study highlights that digital overload significantly contributes to increased stress, burnout, and reduced productivity among employees, with 75% of surveyed workers reporting high stress levels due to digital demands and 60% experiencing burnout. Digital detox strategies—such as no-after-hours email policies, flexible work schedules, and designated "digital detox" days—demonstrate a notable impact, reducing stress by 42%, improving productivity and focus by 28%, and enhancing well-being by 34%. Among these, flexible work arrangements emerged as the most effective, with a success rate of 70%. Research Implication The findings emphasize the importance of integrating digital detox methods into talent management frameworks to counterbalance digital overload. Implementing these strategies can improve employee well-being and enhance organizational productivity. Originality/Value This research provides actionable insights for organizations aiming to address the pervasive challenge of digital overload. By presenting effective, evidence-based digital detox strategies, it offers practical solutions for fostering a healthier, sustainable, and more balanced work environment that aligns technological progress with employee well-being.
K. Shenkani, S. Kalaimani
An attempt has been made to study the waste water which are coming from varies industries and hospitals, rural areas that directly affect the aquatic animals and human beings who consume the same. Usually, all aquatic animals bear only certain number of heavy metals when this goes beyond the limit this cause harmful effect directly to aquatic animals and indirectly to human beings of them consume regularly. Certainly, heavy metal levels reached unacceptable levels for human consumption. Because high metal concentrations in tissue can have toxic effects on fish metabolism, it is important to consider the biological effects of contamination on fish health in the river.
Francis Michael P. Yambao, Ph.D., Yao Xiao, Mba
This study strengthens its methodological foundation by integrating additional analytical techniques beyond correlation, specifically regression and model validation, to enhance the interpretive depth and analytical rigor. In today’s increasingly digitized global market, Quality Assurance (QA) is undergoing a significant technological transformation, driven by automation tools, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and real-time data analytics. These technologies offer opportunities for increased efficiency, improved accuracy, and reduced human error in QA processes. However, the integration of new technologies introduces complexities such as high implementation costs, cybersecurity risks, resistance to change, and integration difficulties with legacy systems. Adopting the Goal-Action-Data (GAD) framework, this study investigates the multifaceted impact of technology adoption on QA outcomes, including efficiency, accuracy, and organizational performance.
Dr. Bhimasha K. B.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956), popularly known as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution, was also a distinguished economist whose contributions to industrial policy are often overlooked. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar envisioned industrialization not merely as an economic necessity but as a vehicle of social transformation. He argued that agriculture alone could not sustain India’s economic growth and emphasized state-led industrialization, labor welfare, and social justice. This paper examines Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s industrial policy in terms of his advocacy for state intervention, balanced economic growth, protection of labor, and prevention of economic inequality. By analyzing his writings, speeches, and policy interventions, this study highlights the relevance of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s economic vision for contemporary India.
Valarmathi, Viknesh Raja
In the modern film industry, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a distracting power that is altering the artistic, technical, and business aspects of the industry. With an emphasis on its applications across crucial stages like scriptwriting, pre-visualization, cinematography, editing, visual effects, marketing, and distribution, this study explores the complex consequences of artificial intelligence on filmmaking. Filmmakers can now produce more immersive and customized audience experiences. Thanks to AI-driven technologies that also increase productivity and lower production costs. Furthermore, by offering sophisticated predictive analytics, automated editing tools, and hyper-realistic visual effects that push the limits of cinematic expression, these technologies are creating new opportunities for creative storytelling. Although there are many benefits to integrating AI, the study also critically examines the drawbacks, especially with regard to authorship, data privacy, intellectual property rights, job displacement, and the possibility of cultural uniformity. This study emphasizes the dual function of AI as a source of ethical and cultural debate and a stimulus for innovation drawing on current industrial practices and academic viewpoints. The results demonstrate that AI enhances creative vision and technical accuracy rather than diminishing human ingenuity. The study comes to the conclusion that the future course of international film will be determined by the fusion of human creativity and artificial intelligence, creating a new environment in which innovation and technology are intricately entwined.
Ahmed Abdelkhalek Elseoufy, Pro. Dr. Sally Kamel Ali Omran
This study investigates the influence of Organizational DNA (ODNA) on Social Sustainability Performance (SSP) through the mediating role of Green Training (GT) within Egypt’s private steel industry. The research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of how an organization is structural, cultural, and strategic elements contribute to sustainable social outcomes when aligned with environmentally oriented training initiatives. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire distributed to employees in several private steel companies across Egypt, with responses analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that ODNA significantly and positively affects both GT and SSP. Moreover, GT plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between ODNA and SSP, emphasizing the necessity of integrating sustainability-driven training within organizational DNA frameworks. The study contributes theoretically by linking ODNA to social sustainability through an environmental human resource practice, and practically by guiding industrial firms toward adopting sustainable workforce development strategies.
Avinash Adhupiya, Dr. Jitender Kumar, Madhavaraman M
This study aims to explore the research landscape involving smart technologies in the hospitality and hotel industry employing a bibliometric analysis of publications from 1987 to 2024. In the paper, the researchers aim to focus on technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Internet of Things, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and robotics, identification of the key trends, most productive authors and journals, as well as the emerging themes, while highlighting research gaps for future exploration. This study employed bibliometric analysis, collecting data from 1987 to 2024 from the Scopus database. This study analyzes publication types, collaborative patterns, subject areas, citation impacts, leading authors, affiliations, countries, and publication sources. It examines research trends and keyword co-occurrences and creates a thematic map to visualize key themes in the field. This bibliometric analysis of 176 publications (1988–2024) reveals a surge post-2018, peaking at 70 papers in 2024 with 3,218 citations (average 18.3 per paper). Authorship is collaborative (3.3 authors/paper; 582 authors). Top authors include Bowen, Morosan, and Yu. Leading institutions are Amity University and the University of South Florida. Countries: India leads in output, while the USA leads in impact. Major journals are IJHM and Electronic Markets. The study was confined to articles in the English language, primarily published in chosen subject areas and Scopus-indexed journals, potentially excluding relevant non-English or non-indexed research. The study captures quantitative patterns and may overlook the depth of qualitative insights and their related real-world applications. The study has been conducted on articles published between 1987 and 2024 This study presents a unique bibliometric analysis, shedding light on key research trends in various innovative technologies within the hospitality industry. It offers insightful perspectives on collaborative research patterns, institutional contributions, and the growth and evolution of innovative technology-related themes in hospitality research.
Subhrangshu Sekhar Sarkar, Subrata Mandal
SCORE and its updated version, SCORE 2, have been largely centered in Europe and focused on predictive schemes for fatal CVD events; they do not have any validation from Indian populations due to a shortage of longitudinal data (Kasim et al., 2023). The WHO/ISH charts, popular in resource-limited settings for their simplicity, underperform in identifying risks in young adults and women (Selvarajah et al., 2014). Depending mostly on conventional risk factors, these models don't include social determinants of health such as education, income, occupational stress, air pollution, and localized dietary habits, all of which shape India's CVD profile (Prabhakaran et al., 2016; Mathur et al., 2024). There is still insufficient representation of rural populations, and apart from that, these models suffer a practical dead-end: low clinical adoption, digital integration, as well as patient engagement have greatly hindered implementation. While there remain prevention prospects under Ayushman Bharat and NPCDCS, a lack of a dynamic, India-specific CVD risk tool is certainly denying the country an effective population-level screening-means and intervention. While FRS and SCORE provide valuable foundations, their limitations in the Indian context necessitate development of inclusive, data-driven, and locally validated frameworks to better manage and reduce the country’s growing CVD burden.
Godson Kelechi, Nwogu Prince Chinemerem, Oduali Nheomachi Faith
This study provides a comparative evaluation of industrialized building systems and conventional construction methods in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, emphasizing their structural components, cost frame works, time–cost efficiency and implementation challenges. A descriptive research approach was adopted, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to professionals across both public and private construction sectors in Port Harcourt including engineers, architects, contractors, quantity surveyors, project managers and builders. The study employed both primary and secondary data sources. Out of seventy (70) distributed questionnaires, sixty (60) was duly completed and deemed valid for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation was used to analyze the data with the help of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 25.0). The findings indicate that industrialized building systems projects utilized standardized, prefabricated components such as beams, panels and slabs manufactured under controlled factory conditions, in contrast to labor intensive, on site processes characterized by conventional construction. The result further review that industrialized building systems achieve superior time-cost performance, reducing project duration approximately 40–50% compared to conventional methods. Nevertheless, the wide spread adoption of industrialized building systems in port Harcourt is hindered by factors such as insufficient technical expertise, high initial set up costs, weak government policy support, poor infrastructure for transporting prefabricated components and cultural resistance for to modern construction system. The study concludes by recommending that construction stakeholders should adopt a hybrid strategy that merges the efficiency of prefabrication with the adaptability of conventional methods, while both government agencies and private developers should undertake a comprehensive cost benefit analyses prior to selecting an appropriate construction approach.
Dr. Sachin Arun Thanekar
Accurate prediction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is vital for understanding and mitigating air pollution impacts on public health. With the rise of machine learning (ML) in environmental forecasting, selecting the most influential features remains a critical preprocessing step. This review paper evaluates the effectiveness of various attribute selection techniques applied to PM2.5 prediction, including filter, wrapper, and embedded methods. We compare the results from Random Forest, LASSO regression, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), and correlation analysis. Our comparative analysis reveals that Random Forest consistently highlights meteorological variables such as temperature and wind speed as top contributors, whereas LASSO reduces model complexity by focusing on core pollutants. The paper provides insights for researchers aiming to develop robust and computationally efficient models for real-time PM2.5 forecasting.
Onome Maureen Osuetha
Health and wellness play an important role in determining how developed and happy a country’s people are. This review article takes a look at the healthcare systems in Nigeria and Canada, comparing how both countries organize, fund, and deliver health services to their citizens. It also looks at how social and economic factors such as government spending, and health education affect people’s overall well-being. The study draws insight from books, research papers, government reports, and international health data to give a clear picture of both systems. In Canada, healthcare is publicly funded and available to everyone, which makes it easier for citizens to access medical services and maintain better health. In contrast, Nigeria faces several challenges including poor funding, lack of modern health facilities, and limited access to quality care, especially in rural areas. These issues contribute to lower life expectancy and higher disease rates. The review concludes that Nigeria can improve its health outcomes by investing more in its healthcare system, reforming policies to ensure fair access, and promoting public awareness on healthy living.
Adeyinka Idowu Alao
Vegetable oils contain impurities such as free fatty acids, phospholipids, and pigments that require removal through refining to improve its quality and usability. In Nigeria, traditional methods are mostly applied as a result of non-availability of required technology. Also, industrial refining methods often rely on imported chemical reagents, which increase production costs and limit local processing capacity. This review explores procedures, benefits and limitations of both traditional and industrial methods of vegetable oils refining. Also, the potential of locally sourced reagents, such as agricultural waste, as viable alternatives in the chemical and physical refining of vegetable oils are discussed. This will encourage circular economy and promote many of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), by using renewable materials in separation processes and adding values to the agricultural wastes. Emphasis is placed on the probable effectiveness, economic advantages, and environmental impact of using indigenous materials such as plant-based precipitants, agricultural waste-based alkali solutions and natural adsorbents for vegetable oils refining. Process optimization would help in providing the best condition at each stage of the refining operation and as well alternative routes based on different refining agents.
Abubakar S. F., Abubakar T. U., Garba A. I., Ibrahim A. A., James T. O., Mua’azu S. B., Muhammad A. H., Sarki M. N., Shehu S.
RSA algorithm, a widely used public-key cryptosystem, relies on the difficulty of factoring large composite numbers into their prime factors. However, advancements in computational power and factorization techniques have introduced potential threats to its security. As RSA remains a cornerstone of modern cryptography, the need for improved in its security measures is paramount in the face of evolving computational challenges. This study presents a cryptanalytic examination of the RSA encryption scheme and proposes an improvement that leverages prime number distribution patterns to strengthen data security. Several mathematical methods which involve RSA key generation and its encryption/decryption process, ASCII Table, mapping as well as the Sieve of Eratosthenes were applied in the study. The research analyses how RSA public parameters and encoding methods can reveal structural weaknesses when subjected to mathematical scrutiny. To address these vulnerabilities, a modified scheme is introduced, in which plaintext characters are mapped using prime distribution patterns. This substitution increases ciphertexts randomness and minimizes predictable patterns between plaintexts and ciphertexts. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed improvement enhances resistance to analytical attacks while maintaining RSA operational compatibility. The study contributes to the on-going development of more secure and efficient public-key cryptographic systems.
ADEKOYA Damola Felix, Azeez Ajani Waheed, Ogunsanwo Olajide Damilola
Nigeria's rapid urbanization has placed immense strain on mobility, intensifying traffic congestion and vehicle-related security challenges. In this context, advanced Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are increasingly essential. Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) offers a powerful means to monitor and manage vehicles, yet its real-world deployment in Nigeria faces distinctive environmental and infrastructural constraints: plate formats vary widely, lighting is uneven, and plate condition deteriorates. This work presents a robust, end-to-end ALPR system designed specifically for Nigerian conditions. We implement a two-stage pipeline that leverages state-of-the-art deep learning components: (1) a fine-tuned, attention-centric YOLOv12 model to localize license plates with high precision, and (2) the EasyOCR engine to transcribe alphanumeric characters. The YOLOv12 detector was fine-tuned on the publicly available Nigerian License Plate Dataset comprising 2,200 license plate images and strengthened with extensive data augmentation to mirror real-world variability, including night scenes, glare, occlusion, and plate wear. We rigorously evaluate the system on a dedicated test split. The model achieves a mean Average Precision (mAP@.50) of 98.0% for plate detection and a Character Recognition Rate (CRR) of 96.0% for transcription, demonstrating not only competitive accuracy by contemporary standards but also the capability to operate in real time on standard hardware. The results indicate that the proposed architecture supports large-scale deployment for traffic monitoring, automated tolling, and law enforcement, offering timely insights and operational efficiency. The principal contribution of this work is a validated, high-performance ALPR framework tailored to the unique challenges faced by a developing African nation, which provides a practical benchmark and reference for future research and deployment in the region.
Sangolge Bandeppa, Suhasini
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of blood against the artery walls becomes too high. In modern it is called the silent killer because it often has no clear symptoms. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of healing, explains hypertension as an imbalance of Doshas that affect the heart and blood vessels (raktavaha strotas ) ,though not directly mentioned as a separate disease entity ,it can be correlated with conditions involving Rakta ,Vata and Manas vitiation such as Raktagata Vata,Raktapitta,and Vyana vata Avarana .Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is one among the speacialized branch of Ayurveda dealing with potent Rasaushadies to balance Vata and purify Rakta , the primary factors involved in hypertension.
N.P Liyanawaduge
A Length measuring stick (length measuring ruler) is a very fundamental length measuring tool uses in many sectors such as construction industry, material processing industry, Apparel industry testing and calibration industry, and household. These measuring sticks are manufactured by different manufactures across the world and uses different references to mark the length on the sticks. Therefore, confirmation of maintaining the measurement traceability of length measuring sticks to the primary standard before their use is very essential. Even though sophisticated calibration systems are available globally for the calibration of length sticks, purchasing such a system became difficult due to high costs. As a solution, a low-cost mechanism for the calibration of industrial metal length measuring sticks is proposed here. The proposed method determines the length of the intervals of an unknown length stick (test ruler) in comparison with a pre-calibrated reference standard rule. The difference in length between test and reference ruler is measured by a mechanical movement of the reference standard ruler until coinciding the scale mark of the reference ruler with the corresponding scale mark of the test ruler. The linear movement of the reference ruler is measured by a dial gauge. The length of the test ruler is calculated by considering other factors such as the length of the standard stick and overall temperature correction as well. A calibration system was developed to determine length of the length intervals of test rulers in compliance to the proposed method. The combined uncertainty was calculated for the length determined by the proposed system using the proposed method and was ±0.33 mm at k =1 level corresponds to 68% confidence. The results from the proposed method were compared with the results from existing calibration methods and in compliance when the results are considered with above quoted uncertainty.
Bwirdimma Dugul Gotep, Dikop Mary Dickson, Din Sunday Sarki, Gushi Iliya, Toma Ibrahim Atang, Yilleng Mwagitdang Augustine
In this paper, we formulate and analyse a mathematical model for the dynamics of behaviour debasement in a teacher training facility by considering some control measures. Analysis of the model shows that the behaviour debasement model has a Free Equilibrium (FE) and a Persistent Equilibrium (PE). The next generation matrix method was used to compute the basic reproduction number, as the threshold parameter for the model so that whenever the behaviour debasement free equilibrium is both locally and globally asymptotically stable whereas when then the behaviour debasement persistence equilibrium will uniquely exist and at the same time will be globally asymptotically stable. The model was numerically simulated using MATLAB and the results indicated that counselling of the debased, graduation into professional teachers and expulsion of recalcitrant final year student teachers can significantly contribute in controlling behaviour debasement in the teacher training institution. Therefore, the study recommended that more efforts should be channelled toward advocacy, enlightenment and campaign against behaviour debasement; the mechanism of counselling should be prioritised as well as maintaining a firm stance in the aspect of discipline.
Dr P. K. Shukla, Shehzad Ali
A non-Newtonian fluid's free convection boundary-layer flow over a permeable vertical cone embedded in a porous media saturated with a nanofluid was analyzed in order to determine the impact of uniform transpiration velocity. The effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are included in the nanofluid model. An effective implicit, iterative, finite-difference method is used to numerically solve the governing partial differential equations once they have been converted into a collection of non-similar equations. Work that has already been published is compared. In order to demonstrate intriguing aspects of the solutions, a parametric investigation of the physical parameters is carried out, and a typical set of numerical results for the velocity, temperature, and volume fraction profiles as well as the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are graphically displayed.
Anas Adnan Odibat, Heba Tawfiqe Abu Eyadah
This study aimed to present a proposed strategy for building effective partnerships in knowledge management, based on the principles of fairness and sustainability. This was achieved through an in-depth analysis of educational literature and relevant scientific research during the 2024/2025 academic year. The study focused on developing a practical and systematic vision to enhance the efficiency of leaders and decision-makers in educational and administrative institutions. This contributes to ensuring the continuity of institutional excellence and achieving comprehensive quality, in addition to enhancing knowledge production and its effective use in light of accelerating digital transformations. This study distinguished itself from others by its adoption of an analytical approach, which enabled a precise scientific extrapolation of previous studies with the aim of understanding the various contexts that affect knowledge management, both in terms of challenges and opportunities. This then led to the design of a long-term strategic framework based on the activation of multilateral partnerships. The proposed strategy is based on six basic principles: justice and fairness in the exchange of knowledge and benefits, transparency and accountability in operations, mutual benefit between partners, sustainability of resources and outputs, mutual respect for experiences and cultures, and finally, a focus on the added value achieved by partnerships at the institutional and societal levels. Based on an analysis of the literature and the results of previous research, the study recommends the need to design clear governance models that regulate the partnership process, ensure fair distribution of knowledge, and provide effective mechanisms for resolving conflicts and managing differences, with flexibility in adapting to new developments. The proposed governance elements include signing a partnership charter, defining roles and responsibilities, and activating monitoring, evaluation, and accountability mechanisms. Thus, the study contributes to establishing a scientific and practical foundation for building fair and sustainable knowledge partnerships that keep pace with contemporary developments and serve the goals of sustainable development.
Blessing E. Senkoya, Dr. Michael A. Senkoya, Dr. Praise R. Akogwu
Background: In Nigeria, social media adoption has grown rapidly, particularly among urban youths, who use these platforms as a primary mode of communication. As Nigeria continues to experience rapid urbanization and population growth, particularly among its youth, understanding how social media shapes social capital is crucial for addressing both social and economic development challenges. This study aims to explore social media usage and its influence on social capital development and sustainability using qualitative methods. Methods: This study employed a qualitative design using in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD). The population consisted of youths aged 18-35 years residing in urban areas such as Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, and Kano. Eight youths were selected for IDIs and seven for one FGD using convenience sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and discussions, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Five key themes emerged: (1) Usage Patterns and Motivations, highlighting platform-specific roles (e.g., Instagram for visual connection, TikTok for entertainment); (2) Network Building and Trust, emphasizing social media's role in forming and maintaining relationships with varying trust levels; (3) Civic Participation through Social Media, showing platforms' facilitation of information access and mobilization; (4) Comparative Impact of Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook, revealing differential influences on interactions (e.g., Instagram for intimacy, Facebook for community trust); and (5) Overall Perception of Social Media’s Role, indicating positive impacts on social life with caveats about misinformation and overload. Discussion: The findings extend social capital theory by illustrating how platform affordances in the Global South context differentially support bonding (Instagram/TikTok) and bridging (Facebook) capital among urban Nigerian youth. Novel contributions include mechanisms like Instagram's visuality fostering intimacy and Facebook's groups enabling civic mobilization. Implications include recommendations for policymakers and educators. Conclusion: Urban Nigerian youth leverage social media for bonding and bridging social capital, with platforms reshaping interactions in digitalized contexts.
Mohamad Haszirul Mohd Hashim, Norliyati Binti Mohd Amin, Nurul Hakimah Binti Abdullah, Nurul Izza Abdul Ghani
Maintenance is a combination of several management methods without changing the basic features and functions of building structures and service systems. Effective maintenance planning ensures optimal use of the structure and reduces operating costs. Building inspection is one of the methods in maintenance management for assessment of building physical condition. Moreover, this method is a preliminary analysis to gather information, assess and identify damages to building structures. This paper discussed variety of structural inspection methods including inspections for pitched roof and fade. Literature was collected from journals, conference proceedings, standards and books. These methods were compared and classified according to defect. The results demonstrated that there are weaknesses in the method of building structure inspection. For example, there are varieties of information in the verification of damage causing inconsistencies in the inspection. Hence, causing inconsistent final report on maintenance performed. Besides, the assessments also depend on the discretion and experience of the inspector resulting in subjective evaluations. For instance, the final reports were interpreted differently from individual perspectives. In conclusion, building structure inspection requires a guide to standardize the inspection process. In addition, specific strategies are required to ensure the documents provided can be reduced consistently by various inspectors.
Dr. Pratiksha Modi
This paper studies the financial literacy levels among higher secondary students in Vadodara city, Gujarat, aiming to judge their understanding of essential financial concepts and identify factors influencing their financial knowledge. The research employs a structured questionnaire administered to students across various schools in Vadodara, focusing on their awareness of budgeting, saving, investing, credit management, and financial planning. The findings reveal a moderate level of financial literacy among the participants, with significant variations observed across different educational streams and socioeconomic backgrounds. While students demonstrate a basic understanding of financial terms, their ability to apply this knowledge in real-life scenarios remains limited. Notably, students from commerce backgrounds exhibit a higher level of financial literacy compared to their peers in science and arts streams. Furthermore, the study identifies a lack of comprehensive financial education in the school curriculum as a contributing factor to the observed gaps in financial knowledge. The research underscores the necessity for integrating financial literacy programs into the educational framework to equip students with the skills required for sound financial decision-making. Recommendations include the incorporation of interactive workshops, collaboration with financial institutions, and the development of age appropriate financial education modules to enhance students' financial capabilities. By fostering financial literacy at the secondary education level, the study aims to contribute to the development of financially informed and responsible citizens, thereby supporting the broader goals of financial inclusion and economic empowerment in India.
Ankita Baruah, Dr. Gitanjali Choudhury
Sonowal Kachari is one of the oldest tribe of Assam. They are one of the indigenous tribes of Assam who are the third largest tribal community of Assam. Sonowal. Sonowal Kachari tribe has a very rich culture. They are a very simple and cheerful race by nature. They live mainly in Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Sibsagar, Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Jorhat and Golaghat districts of Assam and parts of the state of Arunachal Pradesh in Northeast India. The Sonowal Kachari has a patriarchal society and as per the norms and values of the society the male is considered to be head of the family and the decision maker of the house. They are of Mongoloid origin, and linguistically, the Sonowal Kachari people belong to the Tibetan language family. They have their own distinct culture, customs, and traditions, which separates them from other communities. This article attempts to highlight the educational status of the sonowal Kachari girls. From Panitola block, the villages Bindhakata Gaon, Muluk Gaon, and from Tingkhong block, Ouphalia Gaon, Chakalia Pathar, have been selected as samples. The objectives of this study are-to examine the Enrollment and participation levels of Sonowal Kachari girls in different stages of education (higher secondary, undergraduate, postgraduate) and to analyze the challenges faced by Sonowal Kachari girls in pursuing education. The methodology of this study is descriptive in nature. The study concludes that the progress of education in Ouphalia Gaon and Chakalia Pathar of Tingkhong block, as well as in Bindhakata Gaon and Muluk Gaon of Panitola block, remains very slow.
Arshiya Khanum, Dr. C. Gomathi
Investors exhibit diverse mindsets when making decisions about investing in a particular avenue. Every individual aspires to invest savings in the most secure and liquid form possible. However, the decision-making process varies based on personal risk aptitude, financial literacy, and socio-economic background. Investment behaviour is associated with activities such as searching, evaluating, acquiring, reviewing, and disposing of investment products. It reflects how an individual allocates surplus resources among the various financial instruments available. This paper analyzes the trading and investing behaviour of young professionals aged between 25 and 35 years in Bangalore City, India’s technology and startup hub. Young investors in this age group typically base their investment decisions on self-perceived competence, though some also rely on professional financial advisors. Their investment objectives range from financial stability and wealth creation to generating additional income. The study identifies key factors responsible for increased investment activity among young professionals in Bangalore. A structured questionnaire was used to survey 200 respondents from various sectors across Bangalore. Based on the findings, the paper examines factors influencing investment behaviour in the stock market. The study concludes that for young investors, investment decisions are independent of gender, but significantly influenced by age and income levels. The paper also discusses behavioural aspects derived from the utility theory developed by Von Neumann and Morgenstern, which suggests that investors aim to maximize expected utility while minimizing risk. Finally, the study highlights that financial literacy and behavioural awareness play critical roles in investment decision-making among Bangalore’s youth.
Dr. Mayanglambam Prakash Singh, Huidrom Kumarjit Singh
The study highlights and examines the challenges faced by unemployed individuals in Imphal West, Manipur, focusing on their daily life experiences and coping mechanisms. It explores whether they rely on intoxicating substances or adopt healthier strategies to deal with their circumstances. The study further investigates their aspirations toward securing government employment, their possession of relevant skills for suitable jobs, and the extent to which they receive governmental assistance or financial support. Moreover, the research seeks to understand whether these individuals experience mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, or emotional instability, and whether unemployment affects their family relationships. It also examines the degree of government aid and community support available to them, as well as their perceptions regarding the fulfillment of their needs. The findings reveal that a significant proportion of unemployed youth resort to intoxicating substances, which adversely impact their physical health, interpersonal relationships, and overall well-being. Many also suffer from psychological distress, including anxiety and depression. The study offers several recommendations and strategies to address these issues more effectively, aiming to promote a healthier, more productive, and socially supportive environment within the community.
Dr. M A. VELUSAMY, K. Gunavathi
India is experiencing a rapid demographic transition characterized by a growing ageing population. The rising number of elderly persons, especially in rural regions, presents complex socio-economic and caregiving challenges. This paper explores the socio-economic conditions and the existing caregiver support systems of elderly individuals residing in Pallathur Panchayat, Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu. Using a Rapid Need Assessment design, the study collected data from 200 elderly respondents through structured interviews. The findings reveal that 81% of the respondents live below the poverty line, and 70% require support for daily living. A significant 40% depend financially on their children, while only 18% receive any form of government benefit. Digital literacy and awareness of insurance policies remain critically low. The study highlights the urgent need for community-based elder care systems, family support, and sustainable welfare interventions tailored to the unique socio-cultural setting of rural Tamil Nadu.
Dr. C. Pushpalatha, R. R. Raghavi
Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) scheme was launched on September 23,2018 by the government of India. This study explores the socio-economic impact of the PM-JAY scheme on Indian households, emphasizing its effectiveness in reducing out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditures, enhancing access to medical services, and strengthening overall financial protection. Additionally, it evaluates the scheme’s coverage across different Indian states by analysing state-wise enrolment patterns and beneficiary penetration levels. The study also investigates hospitalization trends and examines variations in morbidity and mortality among beneficiaries to gain deeper insights into the broader health outcomes associated with PM-JAY implementation. The study draws on secondary data obtained from the annual reports of the National Health Authority (NHA), as well as various academic journals and research articles. The findings reveal that PM-JAY has played a significant role in reducing instances of distress financing and enhancing healthcare accessibility, particularly among rural and low-income households. Furthermore, the broadened hospital network and the surge in admissions under PM-JAY point to improved access to quality healthcare, increased hospitalization rates, and a likely reduction in mortality. The study concludes that while PM-JAY has made meaningful progress toward universal health coverage (UHC), sustained efforts in strengthening implementation, monitoring, and public awareness are essential to ensure equitable and long-term socio-economic benefits for all Indian households.
Dr. Harshit Eric Williams, Vartika Singh
This study investigates the relationship between workplace friendship, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among early-career teaching professionals in higher educational institutions of Prayagraj, India. A total of 109 faculty members with less than five years of experience participated, providing data via structured questionnaires measuring workplace friendship, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between workplace friendship and job satisfaction (r = 0.823, p < .01), and between workplace friendship and organizational commitment (r = 0.911, p < .01). Findings highlight that supportive interpersonal bonds enhance employee satisfaction, well-being, and loyalty, underscoring the importance of fostering collaborative work environments.
Dr. C. Muthuvelayutham, Dr. M. Vidhya Priya, Mrs. M. Lakshmi
Waiting in line has become an unavoidable aspect of modern life, and petrol bunks are no exception. Long queues not only inconvenience customers but also reduce operational efficiency and damage service reputation. This study examines customer waiting times at petrol bunks in Madurai District using a queuing theory approach. Data were collected during peak hours over two days from a stratified sample of four stations, covering 959 customer arrivals. Arrival and service times were analysed under the M/M/c model, which assumes Poisson arrivals, exponential service times, and multiple service channels. Key performance measures such as traffic intensity, idle probability, average queue length, and waiting times were computed. The findings show that both high arrival intensity and service inefficiency contribute to delays. Bunk 1 demonstrated relatively efficient performance, while Bunks 3 and 4 exhibited slower service rates and Bunk 2 was more constrained by demand. Although average waiting times in queue were short in absolute terms, their cumulative effect during peak hours is significant. The study recommends improving service efficiency, optimising pump allocation, and adopting technology-enabled queue management to minimise waiting. These insights highlight how queuing models can guide petrol bunk managers in balancing customer satisfaction with operational efficiency.
Dr. QS. Lawrence Mwangi Mbugua, Prof. QS. Sylvester Munguti Masu, QS. James Muimi Nzangi
Building Information Modelling (BIM) offers the capability to automate building quantity take-offs directly from a digital information model. This can save the time spent by the QS manually measuring and counting items to focus on more valuable cost advice for the success of the projects. However, cost management and cost control remain the most significant challenges facing construction businesses worldwide. This paper aimed to establish the current status of BIM adoption in the Quantity Surveying Practice in Kenya. A mixed-methods research design was used, where quantitative results from the survey questionnaire were validated using qualitative results from the interviews. 167 responses were received out of 270 targeted respondents, and 5 interviews. The results indicated a below-average adoption rate, with a mix of computer-aided onscreen measurement and traditional paper-based practices prevalent. BIM use is less planned and more of a by-chance implementation. Institutions of higher learning should incorporate BIM in their quantity surveying curricula, and professional bodies in their seminars to build awareness on the benefits of its use for the QS profession.
Egbebike M. O, Ezeagu C. A, Iyeke S.D.
Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt (CRMA) represents a major advancement in sustainable road construction, widely adopted in the United States to improve pavement durability, reduce rutting, and utilize waste tires. However, its application in developing countries like Nigeria remains limited, largely due to the lack of region-specific performance models, climatic differences, and infrastructural challenges. This study proposes a transfer learning approach to adapt predictive CRMA models from the United States to Nigerian climatic zones using climate matching, multivariate regression, artificial neural networks (ANN), and multi-objective optimization techniques. Using simulated data representative of U.S. state climates and traffic conditions, we modeled performance indices such as Marshall Stability, rutting resistance, and fatigue retention. The results identify optimal crumb rubber contents (CR%) of 10–15% for different climate-traffic scenarios. Enhanced models including traffic loads (ESALs) were developed and mapped to Nigerian conditions. This supports sustainable CRMA deployment for road infrastructure in Nigeria and similar regions.
Randy G. Ubal
This study examines the predictive role of administrative support on teacher retention and organizational commitment among junior high school teachers in one of the private schools in Alicia, Isabela, Philippines. Data were gathered from 30 teachers using a quantitative case study design and analyzed through multiple regression analysis. The findings indicate that administrative support significantly predicted teacher retention and organizational commitment, which accounted for 29% and 31% of the variance, respectively. Among the three dimensions of administrative support, professional growth and recognition was the strongest indicator of teacher retention and organizational commitment. These results emphasize how crucial it is for school administrators to value teachers’ contributions and provide opportunities for professional advancement to strengthen their dedication and lower turnover intentions.
Ahmad Alaaya Mashood, Auwal Shehu Ali, Jimoh Islam Ariremako, Muritala Ilyas Okikiola, Olowolafe Moronkemi Oluwaseun, Peter Obaloluwa Agboola, Sarah Oluwaseun Julius, Sunusi Abubakar Adamu
Environmental pollution arising from industrialization, agricultural intensification, and rapid urbanization remains a major ecological and public health concern. Persistent contaminants such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons, pesticides, plastics, and pharmaceutical residues accumulate in soil and water, disrupting ecosystems and threatening human well-being. Conventional remediation methods, including chemical treatments, incineration, and physical removal, often provide incomplete solutions due to high costs, partial pollutant removal, and the generation of secondary waste. Bioremediation offers a more sustainable alternative by harnessing microbial metabolism to degrade or detoxify pollutants. However, its efficiency is often limited by low pollutant bioavailability, slow degradation rates, and microbial sensitivity to toxic environments. Advances in nanotechnology have introduced engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) that can overcome these barriers through synergistic interactions with microorganisms. ENPs enhance pollutant solubilization, facilitate electron transfer, and improve microbial tolerance under stress, resulting in more efficient and adaptable remediation systems. This review synthesizes recent progress in nano–bio remediation, emphasizing applications in heavy metal detoxification, hydrocarbon degradation, wastewater treatment, and plastic biodegradation. It also critically examines nanoparticle toxicity, environmental persistence, cost implications, and regulatory uncertainties. Finally, the paper highlights future directions focused on biocompatible nanomaterials, engineered microbial strains, interdisciplinary collaboration, and circular economy integration to ensure the safe, scalable, and sustainable deployment of nano–bio remediation technologies.
Dr. Sadananda Nayak, Himanshu Behera
This research paper focuses on some aspects of agrarian unrest in Odisha from 1936 to 1939. This paper also focuses on the Socio-economic conditions of the agricultural population and how they led to mass Peasant Movements all over Odisha. This paper aims to provide the complexities of peasants' movements and how the provincial Congress government balances agrarian demands with limited constitutional powers.
Aryan Desai, Aryan Sharma, Ashish Yadav, Dr. Anil M. Bisen, Dr. Mayank Dev Singh, Jay Pandya, Kashyap Patel, Mr. Mayur Chavda, Ms. Apexa Purohit, Ms. Archana Tahiliani
This paper outlines the design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of an affordable agricultural drone engineered to optimize the application of fertilizers and pesticides for small-scale farming operations. Traditional spraying methods present significant drawbacks, including farmer exposure to chemicals, excessive time consumption, and general inefficiency. Our proposed drone-based system utilizes a quadcopter platform with a manually controlled spraying mechanism. The modular design prioritizes both low cost and operational simplicity. Results from field evaluations demonstrated consistent spraying performance, stable flight characteristics, and considerable savings in labor and expenses. This project presents a viable step towards making precision agriculture more accessible, striking a balance between performance and affordability, especially for farming communities with constrained resources.
Apeksha Hatle, Pratiksha Jadhav, Sampada Kulkarni, Shivi Verma, Shreeja Rajput
The proliferation of generative AI presents significant productivity opportunities for software companies, but the practice of employees using public AI chatbots poses severe data security risks. This research paper demonstrates the application of a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture into building a dedicated AI assistant for secure, internal corporate use by reasoning its responses exclusively in a company's private document repository, unlike a general-purpose model. This will ensure that sensitive internal data such as project specifications, internal wikis, project codes, knowledge documents, policy documents etc do not leave the company firewall during the AI operation cycle while also letting the company entity use AI to compare and access the needful resources from huge internal data.Our methodology involves processing and vectorizing internal documents, enabling semantic search for precise information retrieval, and leveraging a large language model (LLM) solely for generating context-aware responses from the retrieved data. We argue that this system provides a practical, secure, and efficient solution for knowledge management and employee assistance, balancing the power of modern AI with the non-negotiable demands of corporate data privacy.
Dr. Ranjana Sharma, Ishika Goyal
White-collar crimes, characterized by deception, breach of trust, and abuse of power for financial gain, have undergone a paradigmatic transformation in the digital age. The proliferation of complex financial instruments, cross-border transactions, and cyber-enabled frauds has rendered traditional mechanisms of detection and enforcement increasingly ineffective. In this context, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a revolutionary instrument in identifying, predicting, and preventing such offences through data-driven analytics, anomaly detection, and automated compliance monitoring systems. AI-powered systems are capable of processing voluminous financial data, detecting irregular trading patterns, and predicting fraudulent activities with remarkable precision. Regulatory authorities and corporations are increasingly deploying AI in compliance auditing, insider trading detection, and anti-money laundering mechanisms. However, the incorporation of AI into legal enforcement introduces a host of legal and ethical concerns notably issues of data privacy, algorithmic opacity, accountability, and potential bias. The current Indian legal framework, primarily governed by the Information Technology Act, 2000, the Companies Act, 2013, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, remains nascent in addressing these challenges. This paper undertakes a doctrinal and analytical study to evaluate how AI contributes to detecting and preventing white-collar crimes within the Indian legal regime, while examining its comparative alignment with regulatory approaches in the United States and the European Union. The study analyses frameworks such as the U.S. AI Bill of Rights and the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, focusing on their implications for accountability, data governance, and ethical AI deployment. Thus, the paper contends that while AI enhances the efficacy of enforcement mechanisms against white-collar crimes, its application must be circumscribed by a robust legal-ethical infrastructure to ensure justice, fairness, and adherence to the rule of law.
Dr. Shinde Neeta Bhausaheb
This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Open Access Educational Repositories (OAERs), focusing on enhancements to search functionalities, content management, and overall user experience. An extensive web-based literature review was conducted to identify OAERs that have implemented AI technologies and to examine their respective use cases. Findings indicate that AI contributes significantly to improved search accuracy and more refined content organization, utilizing advanced algorithms such as those employed in Dimensions AI and semantic search systems like Open Alex. Additional applications include automated metadata extraction and content recommendation systems, which demonstrate AI’s potential to streamline repository functionalities. Despite these advancements, key challenges remain—particularly concerning data quality, system interoperability, scalability, and the transparency of AI algorithms. The study underscores the need for continued innovation to address these obstacles and enhance the role of AI in expanding accessibility and optimizing the dissemination of academic resources.
Samuel Asante
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the management of organizations around the globe and how employee performance is measured and improved. The study investigated the use and effect of AI-powered performance management systems in selected firms in Accra, Ghana. By employing a mixed-methods methodology, data were gathered from 120 employees and managers across multiple sectors, including banking, telecommunications, and technology. Results indicate that AI tools facilitate transparency, objectivity, and efficiency in the performance assessment processes. Nevertheless, challenges to implementation such as high costs, shortage of technical know-how, and data privacy concerns remain. The study argues that by augmenting AI with human supervision and ethical frameworks, AI can support strategic human resource development and organizational excellence. Recommendations include capacity building, regulatory policy development, and adoption of hybrid appraisal models.
FRC PATH, Wangai Kiama
Background: Alcohol intoxication is a well-established risk factor in road traffic accidents (RTAs), yet its role among non-driving road users such as pedestrians, passengers, and cyclists remains underexplored. Postmortem toxicological analysis, particularly of vitreous humour, provides a reliable means of assessing alcohol levels at the time of death, provided contamination by fermentative microorganisms is ruled out. Objective: This study aimed to determine the presence and quantify levels of exogenous ethanol in the vitreous humour of deceased RTA victims. It also sought to analyze the distribution of alcohol intoxication across different road user categories, assess the impact of microbial contamination on toxicological results, and identify demographic patterns among alcohol-positive fatalities. Methods: A total of 100 vitreous humour samples were collected from confirmed RTA fatalities during medico-legal autopsies. Each sample underwent microbiological screening to detect contamination with fermentative bacteria or fungi. Forty-two samples (41.6%) were excluded due to microbial growth, particularly with organisms like Candida albicans, Proteus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus, which can produce ethanol postmortem. The remaining 15 uncontaminated samples were analyzed for ethanol concentration and classified according to forensic toxicology thresholds into light, moderate, heavy, very heavy, and stuporous levels of intoxication. Results: Ethanol levels ranged from 0.04 g% to 0.52 g%. Passengers accounted for the largest proportion of alcohol-positive cases (46.7%), followed by pedestrians (20%), cyclists (20%), and drivers (13.3%). Heavy to very heavy intoxication levels were found predominantly among passengers, while all intoxicated pedestrians exhibited stuporous levels (>0.35 g%). Young adult males (aged 21–40 years) were disproportionately affected. The findings also underscore the necessity of excluding contaminated samples, as postmortem microbial fermentation poses a significant risk of false-positive ethanol detection.
Mr. Nitin Madhukar Tambe, Prof. A. S. Mali
This paper presents the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of an Adaptive Joint SCAMP Filter and Relay Weight Optimization Scheme for a wireless Amplify-and-Forward (AF) cooperative relay network operating over frequency-selective fading channels. Conventional AF systems suffer from compounded noise and Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) due to cascaded multi-tap channel effects. To address these limitations, this work employs a Joint Adaptive Filtering approach that simultaneously optimizes the source pre-coding filter and the relay amplification weight to minimize the end-to-end Mean Squared Error (MSE) and enhance the achievable data rate. The joint optimization problem is solved using the Projected Subgradient Method (PSGM), which provides robustness against non-linear constraints such as sparsity while maintaining low computational complexity. The algorithm is implemented and tested in a MATLAB simulation environment under a time-varying Auto-Regressive (AR(1)) fading model. Key performance metrics such as MSE convergence, filter characteristics, achievable rate, and robustness to parameter variations are analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive joint scheme achieves 25–33% higher achievable rate than the conventional Fixed AF Relay and nearly double the throughput of a Direct Link transmission. The results validate that adaptive joint filtering provides superior spectral efficiency, improved ISI mitigation, and stable convergence, making it a practical and scalable solution for next-generation cooperative communication systems.
Ayodeji Sunday Afolabi
This study investigates the analytical solution of quadratic optimal control problems (OCPs) constrained by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with real and coefficients. The formulation is based on the application of first-order optimality conditions to the Hamiltonian function, which yield a coupled system of first-order differential equations representing the necessary conditions for optimality. The resulting system is solved analytically using the method of eigenvalue decomposition and state transformation to determine the optimal state, control, and adjoint variables. The analytical procedure is illustrated through two examples of quadratic OCPs, confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed method in deriving exact optimal solutions.
Dr. Abigail A. Azorondu, Glory I. Baysah
The Republic of Liberia has experienced three distinct stages of educational development. The first stage consisted of informal and formal education practices prior to the nation’s independence in 1847 (Trye, 2020). The second stage spanned from independence through the end of the civil war in 2003, a period characterized by both the growth and decline of Western-style education (Trye, 2020). The third stage began in the post-civil war era, from 2003 to the present, marked by efforts to reconstruct and reform the national education system. Politically, Liberia has made steady progress since the civil war, which lasted from 1989 to 2003. The National Elections Commission successfully conducted three democratic elections in 2005, 2011, and 2017, with a fourth post-war election anticipated in October 2023. Despite these political achievements, the educational sector continues to face numerous challenges, including limited resources, inadequate infrastructure, poorly equipped laboratories, and insufficiently trained science teachers.
Dr. Akwe Ngole Ray Junior, Dr. Kwebe Augustine Nkwiyir
The right to quality education is a fundamental human right recognized by various international agreements and national constitutions. The right to education encompasses several key aspects which include: universal access, free and compulsory education, quality education, and non-discrimination. The objective of this research is to assess the impact of the Anglophone Cameroon armed conflict on the right of education, using the northwest and southwest regions of Cameroon which are affected areas as a case study, to analyze the legal frameworks which makes provision for the right of education both at the international, regional and national level, and to give possible recommendations geared at enhancing the right of education amidst this armed conflict in this affected areas. The study uses a qualitative research methodology, employing primary data sources from vital conventions like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 (UDHR), International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966, International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights 1966, and a host of other conventions. Secondary data came from textbooks, journal articles, reports, and newspapers. The study is underpinned or anchored by the triple-pronged theory and human needs theory. The findings in this study reveals that the Anglophone Cameroon armed conflicts has had both negative and positive severe implications on the right of education. Regardless of the unwavering cry for reinstatement and restoration in the two affected regions (northwest and southwest regions) as a corollary of school closure, attacks on students/teachers, forced school boycott, destruction of educational infrastructure and lots more, there are also some positive implications of the conflict as well which include: enhanced focus on peace education, community-led educational initiatives, increased international attention/support, strengthened advocacy for educational rights, education policy reforms, greater community involvement and scholarship and humanitarian supports.
Abubakar S. F., Abubakar T. U., Garba A. I., Ibrahim A. A., James T. O., Mua’azu S. B., Muhammad A. H., Sarki M. N., Shehu S.
The rapid growth of digital communication has created an urgent demand for advanced cryptographic techniques that ensure both security and efficiency. As reliance on digital platforms increases, so does the risk of cyber threats and data breaches. Robust cryptography is, therefore, essential to protect sensitive information and maintain trust in digital transactions. This research proposes an improved composed hybrid cryptosystem that integrates Transposition, Caesar, and Hill ciphers, followed sequentially by RSA encryption. The study examines how a hybrid of four ciphers can be attacked when treated as a composite function. To further enhance security, a sequence of Reduced Residue System (RRS) values was introduced to replace ASCII characters after the third cipher (Hill cipher), adding an additional layer of residue-based encryption before the final RSA stage. The findings demonstrate that the improved hybrid cryptosystem significantly enhances data security and key generation efficiency, adding a new level of complexity that makes it more challenging for attackers to guess or compute decryption keys.
Christopher Kabwe Mukuka, Norman Kachamba
In an era defined by rapid globalization, technological innovation, and deepening ethical crises, education faces the urgent challenge of redefining its purpose beyond mere technical proficiency. The growing moral vacuum in professional, political, and economic leadership underscores the need for a more holistic approach to human formation—one that integrates intellect, ethics, spirituality, and social responsibility. This paper advances the Holistic Curriculum Integration Model (HCIM), an innovative framework designed to bridge the divide between academic specialization and moral consciousness. The HCIM unites theology, health sciences, business, agriculture, information technology, philosophy, and education into a single transformative curriculum architecture aimed at nurturing well-rounded, ethically responsive graduates. Grounded in the African humanist philosophy of Ubuntu, which affirms the principle of interdependence and shared humanity, the model reimagines education as both a moral and communal vocation. Using Rusangu University in Zambia as a contextual case, the study employs a mixed-methods exploratory design combining qualitative and quantitative data to assess the practical application and transformative potential of HCIM. Data from faculty interviews, student focus groups, and curriculum analyses reveal that interdisciplinary and values-based learning significantly enhance moral reflection, collaborative problem-solving, and social engagement among learners. Findings further demonstrate that embedding Ubuntu ethics and theological principles within professional disciplines fosters intellectual humility, civic responsibility, and environmental stewardship—competencies vital for addressing Africa’s contemporary socio-economic and ecological challenges. The study concludes that the HCIM provides a scalable and contextually grounded blueprint for reimagining African higher education as a catalyst for moral renewal, sustainable development, and holistic human flourishing.
Dr. Afolabi, Olusegun Adeleke
Structures are defined usually with respect to tolerable/permissible limiting conditions of displacement, deformation and stresses etc, which enables continuous load application and static equilibrium, otherwise the equilibrium becomes dynamical resulting in unstable structural system. This study aims to evaluate, effect of vibrations and damping on structural stability, and identified that vibration is mechanical phenomenon involving action of impact forces that produces oscillatory motion on the structure and characterized with oscillations, displacement, and frequency (f = w/2Л) about a static mean position of rest (ie, F = ma = 0). The research study entails review of literatures and work on structural vibration, stability and damping mechanism to restraint effect within permissible limits. Dampers are commonly used to constraint structures to infinitesimal displacement during load application, also the paper identify that vibratory systems are means of storing potential energy (mass), kinetic energy (spring) and means by which energy is gradually dissipated through oscillations (ie, F = ma). The motion can be optimized using principle of minimum potential energy and virtual work” expressing workdone on a system undergoing virtual displacement (W = Fδx = 0, because δx = 0). Vibration damping is an influence upon a system that prevents or reduces its oscillation, and is implemented by processes that dissipate energy stored in oscillations. The damping ratio describe the system parameters which varies from undamped (ξ = 0), underdamped (ξ < 1), critically damped (ξ =1) and overdamped (ξ > 1). Static equilibrium requires damping of structures between critically damped and overdamped to ensure minimal oscillatory amplitude as expected for stability and functional performance. Similarly, structural evaluation is implemented using virtual work method,analytically defined as total work done, W = F δs = 0 (ie, δs → 0 or negligible). In conclusion, the paper identify that dynamical tendency is characterized with instability while structural performance is identified with infinitesimal or limit state deformation and displacement; hence corresponding vibratory displacement and oscillations must be minimal using appropriate damping mechanism to reduce the cumulative effect on structural system and to provide stability and safety of structural systems.
Bulus Simon, Charles Chimezie Onichakwe, Dr. Daniel Aniekan Aloysius
Corruption remains a persistent barrier to effective governance in Nigeria’s sub-national administrations, undermining service delivery and citizen trust. This study examined anti-corruption practices in the Akwa Ibom State Civil Service with the aim of developing a reform model to strengthen transparency, accountability, and citizen engagement. Anchored on Social Exchange Theory, an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed, beginning with a quantitative survey of 407 respondents across ministries and agencies, complemented by key informant interviews and documentary analysis. Findings reveal that while 72% of respondents are aware of existing anti-corruption mechanisms, only 38% rated them as effective. Major systemic drivers included nepotism in recruitment (56%), procurement manipulation (40%), and payroll fraud (36%). Regression results show that weak internal controls (β = 0.42, p < 0.01) and low adoption of digital governance tools (β = 0.36, p < 0.05) are the strongest predictors of perceived corruption. The study proposes the Transparent, Accountable, and Participatory Administration (TAPA) Model, integrating e-procurement, payroll integrity, whistleblower protection, and participatory budgeting. It concludes that reducing corruption requires altering incentive structures through strong enforcement, digital reforms, and citizen empowerment. The study recommends a sequenced reform roadmap, offering a replicable framework for sub-national governance reform in Nigeria.
Enas al-Zubaidy
In situ bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate was studied in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and a lubricant (calcium stearate, polyethylene wax, and beeswax). Both the heat released over time and the isothermal temperature were calculated. The in situ bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate was characterized using DSC and FTIR to evaluate the thermal behavior. It showed improved chemical miscibility, and it was observed that the large particle sizes of both beeswax and calcium stearate hindered the polymerization and delayed the reaction time. As for the very small nanoparticles on the microscopic scale, they lead to fast polymerization reactions. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and entropy were measured using DSC. A significant improvement in the polymerization rate, an increasing in Tg of nanocomposites and self-lubricating composites compared to pure PMMA and produces ductile and less rough structures.
Amarakoon R, Dalugoda O.S.
In different incubation periods, moisture content was significantly (p<0.05) increased from 10.24±0.04% (unfermented) to 11.46±0.07% (24h), 12.52±0.07% (48h), 27.48±0.20% (72h). Ash content was significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 8.25±0.05% (unfermented) to 7.33±0.03% (24h), 6.25±0.1% (48h), 5.33±0.13% (72h). Crude protein content was significantly (p<0.05) increased from 24.63±0.18% to (unfermented), 25.81±0.04% (24h), 28.43±0.11% (48h), 30.24±0.04% (72h). Crude fat content was significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 5.09±0.07% (unfermented), to 4.17±0.08% (24h), 4.17±0.08% (48h), 2.83±0.10% (72h). Crude fiber content was significantly (p<0.05) reduced from to 8.33±0.06% (unfermented) to 7.29±0.05% (24h), 6.12±0.03% (48h), 5.82±0.08% (72h). Total carbohydrate content was significantly (p<0.05) reduced from 41.45±0.19% (unfermented), to 39.63±0.17% (24h), 36.6±0.21% (48h), 30.49±0.17% (72h). The IC 50 values recorded for Moringa oleifera leaves fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum was 136.3 (unfermented), 115.6 (24h), 65.3 (48h), 50.2 (72h), indicating the highest antioxidant potential in 72h incubation period.
A Rafiq Khan, Enagandla Honey
Drug discovery and development is a complex, costly, and time-intensive process involving target identification, optimization, preclinical evaluation, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market monitoring. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming this landscape by enabling data-driven decision-making, reducing timelines, and improving predictive accuracy across the pharmaceutical pipeline. AI supports target identification through genomic and proteomic data analysis, enables de novo drug design with generative models, and aids property prediction and toxicity study using machine learning. In preclinical Trails, AI improves pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling, predicts ADMET parameters, and supports the 3Rs principle by reducing animal use. Clinical research benefits from AI-driven patient recruitment, adaptive trial design, adherence tracking, and decentralized execution. Manufacturing and formulation are optimized with AI-based modeling, automation, and quality control. Regulatory review increasingly integrates AI for dossier evaluation, real-world evidence analysis, and safety monitoring, while post-marketing surveillance applies NLP and machine learning to detect adverse drug reactions and safety signals from diverse data sources. Despite challenges in data quality, interpretability, ethics, and regulatory acceptance, AI promises to reduce costs, improve efficiency, accelerate innovation in drug discovery and development. Future progress requires explainable, transparent, & globally harmonized AI solutions.
Ms. E. Honey, R. Indrani
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming pharmacology, drug safety, and toxicology by accelerating the drug development process to be more efficient, precise, and economical. Conventional drug discovery, pre-clinical testing, and post-marketing surveillance methods frequently encounter high costs, long lead times, ethical constraints, and low predictive validity in human outcomes. Utilizing machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), AI combines heterogenous datasets chemical structures, genomics, clinical data, and imaging to bridge these gaps.In drug design and discovery, AI has hastened predictions of protein and RNA structures (e.g., AlphaFold), enhanced virtual screening, and enabled de novo drug design with generative models. It has also hastened peptide-based drug development and improved pharmacokinetic prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and reduced failure rates.
Dr. Zuobomudor Edwin Agbana
This study assessed the contribution of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to economic growth and national development in Nigeria between 2015 and 2025. Using a mixed-method approach that combined secondary quantitative data from the National Bureau of Statistics, Central Bank of Nigeria, and World Bank with qualitative insights from SDG progress reports and policy documents, the research analyzed the relationship between SDG implementation and key economic indicators, Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) per capita, employment rate, Gini index, and capital expenditure. The findings revealed a positive but uneven impact of SDG initiatives on Nigeria’s economic performance. While progress in infrastructure (SDG 9) and human capital development (SDGs 4 and 8) contributed to moderate growth, persistent inequality and governance challenges limited inclusive development outcomes. The regression analysis indicated that capital expenditure and employment rates had significant positive effects on economic growth, whereas inequality exerted a negative influence. The study concludes that achieving the SDGs in Nigeria requires strengthened institutional capacity, consistent policy coordination, and targeted investment in pro-poor and job-intensive sectors. It recommends enhancing data-driven monitoring, promoting fiscal transparency, and fostering private sector partnerships to sustain progress toward the 2030 Agenda. Overall, the research underscores the SDGs’ catalytic role in shaping Nigeria’s path toward inclusive and sustainable national development.
Ademola Oyeleye Oyebanji, Bimpe Omolola Fayigbe, Bulus Simon
This study assesses the impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption on community negotiation outcomes in Akwa Ibom North-West Senatorial District, Nigeria. Data were obtained from 308 respondents using a structured questionnaire; data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square and multiple regression techniques). The findings revealed that, there is a moderate level of AI adoption (Mean = 2.99, SD = 1.05) in the study area, indicating growing awareness but limited application. AIbased interventions enhanced equity in dispute resolution (Mean = 3.41) and improved mediation turnaround time (Mean = 2.99). the findings (χ² = 23.14, p = 0.001) found that, there is a significant relationship between AI adoption and negotiation outcomes, while the findings from regression analysis (R² = 0.579, F(3,304) = 60.97, p < 0.001) indicated that AI adoption (β = 0.426) and stakeholder engagement (β = 0.355) significantly predicted outcomes, whereas ethical challenges (β = -0.212) had a negative influence. The findings suggest that AI can enhance transparency and inclusiveness in community governance if digital literacy and ethical challenges are addressed. The study recommends targeted AI training, infrastructural improvement, and ethical regulation to optimize AI use in local negotiations.
Babangida Halliru, Minkailu Abubakar Amadu, Muhammad Danladi, Suleiman Saidu Babale
Electronic Health Records (EHR) are vital tools for enhancing healthcare delivery, improving data accuracy, and supporting clinical decision-making. Despite global progress, adoption in Nigerian healthcare institutions remains limited due to infrastructural and organizational challenges. This study assessed the level of EHR adoption at Federal Medical Center (FMC) Mubi, Adamawa State, and examined key factors influencing implementation. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, data were collected from health records professionals and staff involved in patient information management through a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Analysis was conducted using SPSS, applying descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results showed that only 19% of respondents routinely used EHR systems, while 81% relied on manual records. Adoption was significantly associated with formal training (OR = 3.2, p < 0.01), computer literacy (OR = 2.5, p < 0.05), and management support (OR = 2.7, p < 0.05). Major barriers included inadequate training (70%), poor infrastructure (65%), and resistance to change (40%), often driven by generational skill gaps and organizational inertia. The findings suggest FMC Mubi is in the preparatory phase of EHR adoption. Addressing foundational gaps through strategic investment, behavioral interventions, and leadership engagement is essential for full-scale implementation. The study recommends future longitudinal research and alignment with national and global digital health frameworks to ensure sustainability and impact.
Mohd Hafiz bin Mohammad Hamzah, Mohd Sapuan Baharuddin, Nur Syamimi Alia Azmi, Rusliza Ahmad
This study aims to analyse employment prospects for Malaysian graduates using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodology, a multi-criteria decision-making tool. The increasing difficulty faced by graduates in securing employment highlights the necessity of a systematic evaluation of employability factors and an objective framework for assessing employment prospects. This research utilizes employment data from 2018 to 2022, examining critical variables such as industry demand, skill alignment, academic qualifications, and regional unemployment rates across Malaysia. By employing the TOPSIS method, the research ranks employment prospects in various sectors and states within Malaysia. The methodology provides a comparative assessment that considers the alignment of graduate skills with market needs, helping to identify gaps between academic training and employer expectations. This approach offers insights into the readiness of Malaysian graduates to enter the workforce and highlights disparities in job opportunities across regions. The findings reveal notable differences in employment opportunities, with a strong emphasis on the importance of aligning academic qualifications with industry requirements. The study also underscores the role of higher education institutions in tailoring curricula to match labour market trends and fostering skill development relevant to employer needs. Furthermore, recommendations are provided for policymakers to design effective strategies that address regional employment disparities and enhance job creation. This research contributes significantly to understanding graduate employment trends by integrating quantitative data into a robust decision-making framework. It offers strategic recommendations for improving graduate employability, ensuring they are better equipped to meet the demands of the evolving job market in Malaysia.
Chibuzor Shedrack O., Ekechi Anthony, Osioma Ejovi, Suoyo-Anthony Rachel A
Hippocampus is crucial for memory and cognition, is highly vulnerable to oxidative stress and inflammatory insults from neurotoxicants such as lead (Pb). This study assessed genotoxicity and inflammatory markers in the brain hippocampus of lead – induced mice treated with aqueous extract of Diospyros mespiliformis. Twenty-five mice were divided into five groups and administered the following: Group A (Control, water) Group B (Pb, 50 mg/kg b.wt.), Group C (Pb + D. mespiliformis extract, 200 mg/kg b.wt), Group D ( Pb + D. mespiliformis extract, 400 mg/kg b.wt), and Group E (Pb + vitamin E , 100 mg/kg b.wt). After 28 days of exposure and treatments, hippocampal tissues from mice brain were assayed for oxidative stress markers (reduced glutathione, protein thiol), genotoxic marker (DNA fragmentation), inflammation markers (tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin -6 (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and total protein (TP). Results showed that Pb exposure caused significant increases in TNF-α and DNA fragmentation, alongside a decline in IL-1β and AChE activity, confirming neuroinflammation and genotoxicity. Treatment with D. mespiliformis (200 mg/kg) restored GSH and protein levels, reduced MPO activity, and lowered DNA fragmentation. The 400 mg/kg b.wt of plant’s extract, however, elevated TNF-α and NO levels, suggesting a paradoxical pro-oxidant effect. Vitamin E attenuated DNA fragmentation and MPO activity, resembling the protective effects of the plant extract. These findings suggest that D. mespiliformis confers dose-dependent neuroprotection against Pb-induced hippocampal toxicity, with the 200 mg/kg dose being the most effective.
Rahul B. Patil, Shreya R. Patil
Oxidative stress is a critical mediator of cellular injury, leading to lipid peroxidation and organ dysfunction. The present study evaluates D-galactose-induced oxidative damage in the liver and heart of 8-day-old chick embryos by quantifying lipid peroxidation through thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Fertilized hen eggs were incubated and divided into control and experimental groups, with the latter receiving 50 µg D-galactose/egg via the air sac. After 48 h, liver and heart tissues were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation. D-galactose administration significantly elevated (p < 0.001) MDA levels in both tissues, suggesting enhanced oxidative stress. The heart showed slightly higher peroxidation, possibly due to its post-mitotic nature. Histopathological interpretations (literature-based) support that oxidative injury could manifest as hepatocellular vacuolization and cardiomyocyte disruption. This study reinforces the chick embryo as a promising model for developmental oxidative stress and aging research, highlighting the pathophysiological impact of glycation-induced oxidative injury in early organogenesis.
Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy
This paper evaluates the influence of electrical loads on the distribution of currents under both normal and fault operating conditions in distribution substations. Static and dynamic loads are modeled using equivalent impedance components, where dynamic loads are represented by the Conventional Load Model, Exponential Load Model, Polynomial Load Model, and Comprehensive Load Model. The Newton-Raphson method is applied for power flow analysis to determine current distribution under normal operating states. In addition, the IEC short-circuit calculation method is adopted to analyze fault current distribution in the entire system under short-circuit conditions. A five-bus test system, in which the load can switch between static and composite (static + dynamic), is proposed to investigate current distribution under different operating conditions. Simulations are performed in ETAP for both normal and fault modes, considering static loads and composite loads. The results highlight current distribution across the system, clarifying the ability of dynamic loads to contribute to fault currents during short-circuit conditions, unlike static loads. The contributions of this study provide insights for designers and operators in understanding how electrical load characteristics affect the performance of protection devices in distribution substations.
Maria Luisa N. Gonzales, Rosalinda D. Bosque
Republic Act No. 9003, known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000,” is a Philippine law that provides for a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program. This law mandates the creation of necessary institutional mechanisms and incentives, declares prohibited acts related to solid waste management, and penalties for violations. This study was conducted in Malinao, Daraga and Polangui of the Province of Albay covering the period from CY 2023-2025. This study used a Mixed Method Research Design. The Focus Group Discussion was used to gather more detailed data from the respondents. The respondents are the students, faculty and non-teaching staff in college. The study reveals that colleges have initiated compliance measures on solid waste management implementation. Section 56 of RA 9003 on the level of awareness reveals that colleges have sufficient knowledge of the law, putting the law into practice needs ongoing trainings and education. On the evaluation on the level of implementation of the law, colleges demonstrated more on moderate performance. On identifying the constraints of the solid waste management practices, effective implementation and initiatives depend heavily on addressing institutional and structural challenges. Constraints can be addressed through sufficient budget allocation, stronger coordination and regular monitoring and evaluation.
Kuda Moyo, Nobuhle Ncube
This study sought to assess teacher readiness to implement quality inclusive education in two schools located in the Reigate District of Bulawayo Metropolitan Province. The study employed a mixed methods approach and was guided by the behaviourist theory. The population in the study comprised of all the teachers and school Heads in the two selected secondary schools in the Reigate district of Bulawayo Metropolitan. Non-probability and probability sampling techniques were utilized, namely purposive, convenience, and random sampling, to attain a sample of eighty respondents from the two schools (forty from each). Data was collected using semi-structured interviews with the pre-service teachers and school heads, as well as through questionnaires from qualified teachers. The study established the inadequacy of school strategies with regard to addressing the factors that influence teacher preparedness to implement quality inclusive education, as well as in monitoring and evaluating teacher readiness in the same regard. Findings also revealed that most teachers have insufficient knowledge of inclusive education due to inadequate content coverage during their training, as well as a lack of in-service training. These constraints result in the teachers’ inability to utilize assessment strategies catering to the diversity that characterizes inclusive setups. Based on the results, some recommendations were made to MoPSE to organize in-service as well as pre-service training on the concept of inclusion to all teachers. Therefore, the study concluded that even though inclusive education has been embraced by the nation, teachers are still ill-prepared to implement it. Drawing from the above results, the study recommended that the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education should continue to organize more workshops and in-service training on inclusive education on a regular basis for all teachers to capacitate them on how to effectively implement inclusive education. Teacher training institutions should also include special needs education as a stand-alone module in their curriculum to effectively prepare teachers for inclusion.
Dr. Daniel Aniekan Aloysius, Itoro Effiong Ekanemesang, Mmenyene Daniel Aloysius
This study examined availability of electronic Braille and utilization by visually impaired pupils and students in inclusive schools in South-South, Nigeria. Two objectives, research questions and hypotheses were raised to guide the study. Descriptive survey research design was employed. The population for the study was 302 visually impaired library users in ten (10) inclusive schools in South-South, Nigeria. All the visually impaired library users in the ten (10) inclusive schools were sampled using census sampling technique. A researcher-developed interview schedule known as “Availability of Electronic Braille and Utilization by Visually Impaired Pupils and Students Questionnaire (AEBUVIPSQ)” was used in collecting data for the study. It was divided into two sections. Sections ‘A’ and ‘B’. Section ‘A’ contained items generated to elicit responses in line with the independent variable while section ‘B’ elicited information on the dependent variable. The instrument was face validated by the researchers. The researchers and trained research assistants administered the copies of the instrument. The data generated was analyzed using mean, standard deviation to answer the research questions while t-test was used to test the hypotheses at .05 levels of significance. The result showed that there is a significant influence of the availability of electronic Braille on utilization by visually impaired pupils and students in inclusive schools in South-South, Nigeria. The study concluded that the provision of electronic Braile enhanced patronage by visually impaired pupils and students in inclusive schools in South-South, Nigeria. It recommended among others that management of inclusive schools in Nigeria should equip inclusive schools with adequate electronic Braile and electronic note takers to enhance learning and research of the visually impaired pupils and students.
Om C. Tambade, Snehal B. Punde
The present study was conducted to evaluate the avian diversity of Nazare Dam and its surrounding habitats located near Jejuri in Pune District, Maharashtra, India. The dam, a freshwater reservoir encompassed by agricultural fields, open grasslands, and scrub vegetation, provides heterogeneous ecological conditions that support a wide range of avifaunal communities. Field investigations were carried out from June 2024 to July 2025 using standard line transect and point count methods during early morning and evening hours to record both resident and migratory bird species. A total of 69 bird species belonging to 39 families and 16 orders were recorded during the study period. The most dominant avian orders included Passeriformes, Pelecaniformes, and Accipitriformes, with representative families such as Ardeidae, Accipitridae, Sturnidae, and Muscicapidae. Aquatic and semi-aquatic species, including the Indian Spot-billed Duck (Anas poecilorhyncha), Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus), Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala), and Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), were frequently observed in the reservoir zone, while terrestrial species such as the Indian Robin (Saxicoloides fulicatus), Red-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer), and Large Grey Babbler (Argya malcolmi) dominated the adjacent vegetated areas. Migratory species such as the Black Redstart (Phoenicurus ochruros), Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos), and Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) were predominantly recorded during the winter months, with maximum species richness observed from June 2024 to July 2025. The occurrence of Near Threatened species including the Painted Stork and Black-headed Ibis highlights the ecological significance and conservation value of this wetland ecosystem. Anthropogenic activities such as agricultural runoff, pollution, unregulated fishing, and habitat encroachment pose potential threats to the avian diversity of the site. The findings underscore the importance of Nazare Dam as a vital refuge for both resident and migratory avifauna and emphasize the need for regular monitoring, public awareness, and sustainable management strategies to ensure long-term conservation of its biodiversity.
D.E. Rajini Sujatha, Dr. U. Pandian
The study indicates an awareness of open education resources among research scholars in Tamil Nadu. The researcher has taken research scholars in Tamil Nadu as a population for the present study. The researcher has utilized simple random sampling techniques for collecting the data from the samples. The researcher has collected 606 samples from 23 universities and deemed universities. Based on the data analysis and interpretation, the researcher found that research scholars have an average awareness of OER, and that there are no significant differences in awareness based on gender, residency and parents education.
Arnold S. Baldo
Background: The study explored the potential of banana core as an alternative filler for traditional pork-based siomai. Siomai, a popular steamed dumpling in Asian cuisine, traditionally contains ground pork and other meats, but growing health and environmental awareness has encouraged the search for sustainable and nutritious alternatives (Liu et al., 2020). The banana pseudostem’s inner core is rich in fiber, potassium, and vitamin B6 (Munishamanna et al., 2020), and previous studies revealed its high nutritional composition, including 50% carbohydrates and 13% protein (Dayod et al., 2016). However, its use in meat-based food products remains limited, presenting a research gap that this study aimed to address. Methods: A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed, using five treatments with varying proportions of pork and banana core: T0 (100% pork), T1 (75% pork, 25% banana core), T2 (50% pork, 50% banana core), T3 (25% pork, 75% banana core), and T4 (100% banana core). A total of 78 respondents, including Home Economics students and faculty from Northwest Samar State University – San Jorge Campus, participated in a sensory evaluation using a 9-point Hedonic Scale to assess taste, texture, aroma, appearance, and overall acceptability. Results: The revealed that Treatment T3 (25% pork and 75% banana core) achieved the highest ratings across most sensory attributes, indicating an optimal blend that retained the desirable characteristics of traditional siomai while incorporating plant-based ingredients. Conclusion: The study concludes that banana core is a viable and sustainable substitute for pork filler in siomai, capable of maintaining favorable sensory qualities and enhancing product innovation.
Arsyad Nordin, Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin, Mohamad Noor Azam Sulaiman, Mohammad Irfan Akmal Mohammad Ghazali, Mohd Fairul Surian, Mohd Izzul Helmi Ahmad, Ungku Mohamed Alif Ungku Farouk
The global shift toward cashless payment systems has transformed financial transactions. However, millennial civil servants in Johor, Malaysia, face notable barriers to such adoption. This study examines the social, economic, and psychological barriers that hinder the adoption of cashless payment methods among this group. Using a qualitative approach and case study design, with in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with six informants, the study highlights three key barriers, i.e., social, economic, and psychological barriers. The social barriers include peer influence, local businesses’ preference for cash, syariah compliance issues, concerns about fraud and scams, data privacy concerns, and failed and erroneous transactions. Economic barriers include transaction fees, financial illiteracy, and inconsistent incentives across platforms. Finally, stress caused by poor internet connectivity and system downtime is categorized under the psychological barrier. These issues, rooted in social, economic, and psychological factors, hinder the adoption of cashless payments despite Malaysia’s digital economy initiatives outlined in the 2021 Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint. The study further recommends targeted actions, such as subsidizing SMEs for digital tools, cybersecurity education, syariah-compliant payment options, and peer-led awareness campaigns. These strategies aim to enhance trust and accessibility, enabling the public sector to meet Malaysia’s financial inclusion goals. This research enhances understanding of barriers in developing economies and guides policies to promote fair adoption of cashless systems among government employees.
Santhya S, Sashtiga K, Senthil Kumar N
The textile and apparel sector is a cornerstone of India’s industrial growth, employing millions and contributing significantly to exports and GDP. However, it is also resource-intensive and polluting, largely due to linear “take-make-dispose” supply chains. As environmental concerns grow, circular supply chains (CSC) have emerged to reduce waste, optimise resources, and close material loops especially crucial in textiles, given high material turnover, waste, and chemical use. Despite global momentum, research on how Indian SMEs engage with CSCs remains limited. This study explores barriers to CSC implementation in Indian textile SMEs using an exploratory qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews with supply chain and operations managers across 23 SMEs revealed multiple interrelated barriers: low awareness of circular principles, limited access to green technologies and financing, inadequate infrastructure, weak regulatory enforcement, and internal resistance due to perceived risks and uncertain returns. Findings highlight the need for integrated support through policy innovation, ecosystem partnerships, and capacity-building initiatives tailored to SMEs. This study contributes empirical evidence on CSC adoption in Indian SMEs and provides a foundation for policy and comparative research across manufacturing sectors.
Dr. Bodeno Ehis, Dr. Felix Otuomagie, Dr. Godwill Agbon-ojeme, Dr. Hendrith Esene, Dr. Zekeri Sule
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is an economically cheap, a yet crucial health practice which provides optimal nutrition for infants and short-term contraception for the mothers. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness and perception of exclusive breastfeeding as a method of family planning among nursing mothers in Ovia, Edo State, Nigeria and to identify factors that influence its perception which is vital to ensuring improved maternal and child health. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted involving 290 nursing mothers selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected through structured, self-administered questionnaire adapted from previous studies. Data analyses applied descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 25.0, with logistic regression employed to identify significant predictors. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The majority (76.9%) of the respondents had knowlege of exclusive breastfeeding, about half (47.2%) were familiar with exclusive breastfeeding as a form of family planning method but only 15.2% strongly perceived exclusive breastfeeding as a good method of family planning. Age and occupation were significant predictor, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.291 (p=0.001, CI=0.156-0.542) and occupation (p=0,041, CI=0.026-0.931) respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed that although knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding as a method of family planning was high among nursing mothers in Ovia, their perception was poor. The findings emphasize the need to ensure healthcare providers are equipped with the necessary knowledge and tools to effectively educate nursing mothers about exclusive breastfeeding as a method of family planning.
Bildad Awere, Daniel Mishael Masetu
This paper focused on the impacts of big data and citizen feedback analytics on monitoring, evaluation, and the performance of the public services in nairobi county, kenya. The study aims and objectives were directed by the technology acceptance model (tam) and the degree to which it was intended to: (i) investigate the impact of big data analytics on the evidence-based decision-making; (ii) determine the impact of citizen feedback analytics on responsiveness and transparency; (iii) establish the role played by digital data integration in enhancing the overall performance; and (iv) the combined effects of analytics. The research had an important impact on the development of the field of digital governance and data-driven accountability in developing situations. The background stated the increasing use of digital governance tools in kenya but continued to point out frequent problems with integrating data, the use of feedback, and citizen trust. The problem statement highlighted that despite the investments in digital systems, public institutions are not able to convert analytics into practical performance insights. The descriptive and correlation design was embraced, which entailed 100 ict, m&e, administrative, and citizen respondents. The data were collected and analyzed using structured questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using spss (v.28) and nvivo (v.14). The theoretical model of the perceived usefulness and ease of use in relation to technology adoption was supported by the empirical literature in kenya, africa, and international literature. The results showed that both big data (r = 0.781) and analytics citizen feedback (r = 0.744) had a significant positive impact on service performance. The joint predictors had a total model explaining performance variance of 65.2 (r2 = 0.652). It was discussed that institutional readiness, digital literacy and governance culture are the factors of adoption. The paper has come up with the conclusion that analytics can improve transparency, responsiveness and efficiency. It suggested making digital analytics institutionalized in m&e policy, enhancing capacity building, enforcing data privacy, and increase citizen engagement portals as a means of making governance participatory.
Faiza Farhat Mohammad Mustafa.
This research paper explores the portrayal of black masculinity intertwined with vulnerability in the works of Richard Wright, focusing on "Native Son" and "Black Boy." It provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical and social context in which Wright wrote, examining societal expectations, stereotypes, and the impact of systemic racism and socio-economic challenges on black men. Through a close examination of key characters such as Bigger Thomas and Richard Wright himself, the paper deal with the interplay between strength and weakness, both emotional and physical, and the role of vulnerability in shaping their identities and actions. The paper discusses how Wright's portrayal challenges traditional notions of black masculinity by highlighting the complexities and struggles faced by black men in a racially oppressive society. It reviews critical and scholarly responses to Wright's work, showcasing varying interpretations and debates surrounding his depiction of black male identity. Wright's exploration of vulnerability offers a nuanced understanding of black masculinity, emphasizing the human condition's multifaceted nature.
Ajie I. James, OKafor M. Folakemi, Oyowei, E. Augustine, Utalor I. Kate
In this work, a block methods with characteristics of LMF are derived, analyzed and numerically applied to solve singular Initial/Boundary value problems. It was done by applying shift operator to two linear multi-step formula and combined with Optimize hybrid set of formula which are developed at the the first sub-interval to circumvent the singularity at the left end of the integration interval.The mathematical derivation of the proposed methods is based on method of undetermined coefficients where the coefficient in our Linear Multi-step Formulas (LMF) are determined. The fundamental properties of the proposed scheme are analyzed. Finally, the numerical implementation of the method are done on some singular I/B value problem which demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the suggested technique when compared to various strategies available in the current literature.
Azaka Maduabuchuku, Nwakeze Osita Miracle, Obaze Caleb Akachukwu, Oboti Nwamaka Peace, Omorogie Michael
The recent proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the desire to have a secure, efficient, and scalable network, especially to devices with resource constraints. This paper proposes a blockchain-based secure communication model in IoT networks of the next generation, combining decentralized authentication, lightweight consensus, smart contract-based access control, as well as edge/fog computing. The framework is divided into four layers: IoT Device Layer, Edge/Fog Layer, Blockchain Layer, and Application Layer that guarantee secure generation of data, preprocessing, validation of transactions, and real-time monitoring. An implementation of a prototype based on Hyperledger Fabric and NS-3 was performed and tested in terms of latency, throughput, energy use, smart contract execution time and time to validate a transaction. The findings indicate that the latency decreased by 145ms to 120ms, throughput increased by 80 to 92 transactions/sec, energy consumption dropped by 1.20W to 0.95W per device, smart contract execution time dropped by 40ms to 30ms, and transaction validation time dropped by 50ms to 40ms with six consecutive epochs. Real-time detection of attacks and operation resilience were also proved by the framework, confirming its usefulness in the context of the safe, open, and scalable IoT communication. The results validate the fact that blockchain combined with edge computing can be used to deliver an effective solution to improve security and efficiency in the IoT networks of the next generation.
Alirio Melendez Romero, Jeremy Zheng
The Calvin-Benson Cycle serves as the primary carbon-fixation pathway in nearly all photosynthetic organisms. The enzyme, Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (RuBisCO), is responsible for ‘fixing’ atmospheric CO2 into Ribulose-Bisphosphate (RuBP), the most vital and rate-limiting factor in this cycle. Enhancing this enzyme carbon fixing ability is crucial for advancing global food security and addressing climate change. RuBisCO catalyses nearly all carbon fixation on Earth; however, RuBisCO is not a highly effective enzyme. The main contributing factor to its inefficiency is its oxygenase activity, which results in photorespiration instead of carbon fixation. Although many efforts have been made to enhance RuBisCO’s carbon fixing efficiency, significant advancements are still needed. In this study we examine the current understanding of RuBisCO’s catalytic mechanism, its complex oxygenase activity, evolutionary trade-offs, and new developments in RuBisCO engineering
Akuffo, Douglas Okai, Ceesay, Sulayman, Chol, Bek Dhuorjang
This study examines and critiques the effect that tertiary education has on the performance levels of women in leadership in the education sector in The Gambia. A cross-sectional mixed-methodology approach is employed to investigate the correlations between levels of education and leadership. The study examines the issues faced and the contribution it makes to effectiveness. It had a strongly positive relationship with statistical significance, with the field of study and specialization being the strongest predictor. Academic credentials and institutional backing are a compelling demonstration of strong, positive correlative qualities. Higher education leads to improvements in women's self-esteem and judgment, according to qualitative data. It recognizes that variable qualities related to education explain 85.6% of the differences in effectiveness. Despite these accomplishments, issues such as gender discrimination, cultural traditions, and politics have hindered women's complete utilization of their academic attainments. It can be concluded that while tertiary education offers numerous benefits for leadership, this potential can be more fully realized when combined with institutional support and other societal factors. transformations.
Dr. Bipasha Mridha Ghosh, Dr. Koyel Misra, Dr. Sanchita Sarkar, Dr. Siladitya Laha, Dr. Srabani Guria Das, Dr. Subhajit Mukherjee
Second- and third-generation chemotherapeutic agents have transformed modern oncology by improving therapeutic efficacy, tolerability, and compatibility with targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches. Despite these advances, persistent challenges—such as drug resistance, cumulative toxicity, long-term quality-of-life effects, and disparities in treatment access—continue to limit optimal outcomes. This narrative review explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the ongoing evolution of chemotherapeutics as a strategy to address these barriers. We critically analyze developments in pharmacologic innovation, clinical performance, and AI-driven enhancements in drug design, dose optimization, response prediction, and toxicity surveillance. Finally, we identify current limitations and outline future research directions aimed at achieving more precise, equitable, and patient-centered chemotherapy in the era of intelligent oncology.
G Naga Madhu
In the digital era, news serves as a critical medium for shaping public perception, promoting awareness, and guiding social behavior. It informs individuals about current events, political developments, and social issues both locally and globally. However, the rapid growth of online platforms and social media has led to widespread dissemination of misleading, biased, or fabricated news, often propagated to serve personal, political, or commercial interests. Such misinformation undermines public understanding and erodes trust in professional journalism. To address these challenges, this research proposes an intelligent social news platform that enables users to contribute news from their surroundings while ensuring ethical and factual accuracy. Each submitted post undergoes an automated evaluation using decision-making algorithms that verify credibility, assess ethical compliance, and filter out harmful or false content. Verified news is then published, providing users with a reliable and transparent information source. The platform organizes content into thematic categories, including political affairs, regional developments, breaking news, natural disasters, sports, and entertainment. It incorporates location-based filtering and recommendation mechanisms, allowing users to access regionally relevant news while remaining connected to global updates. Additionally, collaborative features such as commenting, reporting inaccuracies, and community verification enhance transparency and foster user engagement. The proposed system aims to reduce misinformation, promote ethical journalism, and empower users to act as both contributors and verifiers of credible news. By integrating algorithmic decision-making with community-driven reporting, the platform fosters a culture of responsibility, accountability, and informed public participation. Ultimately, this research contributes to the development of a trustworthy, user-centered news ecosystem that balances technological innovation with the ethical dissemination of information.
Justice Badam Parmaak
Workplace safety is a multidimensional outcome shaped by organizational culture, safety climate, policies, and external drivers such as climate change and digitization. Despite decades of regulatory progress, nearly three million workers die annually from work-related injuries and diseases and hundreds of millions sustain non-fatal injuries — a global burden that disproportionately affects vulnerable occupations and low-resource regions. This paper synthesizes recent global data (UN/ILO/WHO/OSHA/EU-OSHA) and peer-reviewed literature to develop an integrative model linking safety culture and climate to safety performance, resilience and organizational outcomes. We identify measurement and intervention gaps, illustrate mechanisms (leadership commitment → climate → behavior → outcomes), examine emerging threats (heat stress, digital hazards, psychosocial risks), and propose a multilevel, evidence-based framework for policymakers, employers and researchers to build safer workplaces. Practical recommendations cover measurement, governance, technology use, worker participation, and financing for prevention. The paper concludes with a research agenda to better quantify causal pathways, cost-effectiveness, and equity impacts of safety interventions.
Alirio Melendez Romero, Wendy Wang
Eutrophication is a phenomenon that can occur in any water body, caused by an excessive input of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. This causes the rapid growth of primary producers (usually an algae bloom), which depletes other nutrients in water and can cause disruption of the local ecosystem. The algal bloom, pollute drinking water, wildlife water reservoirs, and collapse ecosystems. Eutrophication has increased in recent years due to anthropogenic climate change and increased nutrient loading from agriculture and industrial wastewater. In freshwater, the most common bacterium causing algal blooms are Cyanobacteria, such as Microcystis. Current management strategies have focused on reducing phosphorus, however in eutrophic freshwater, harmful algal blooms are mostly the result of Microcystis, a genus of cyanobacteria that is unable to fix its own nitrogen. Thus, managing aquatic nitrogen will become crucial in eutrophic freshwater bodies. A variety of physical, chemical, and biological methods have been proposed and implemented to reduce algal blooms at all stages, however each method has its limitations. A particularly novel line of management is microbial management, taking advantage of the high specificity and lower cost of microbial mediation. This paper review the current understanding of eutrophication-related algal blooms and their effects, discuss current management techniques for freshwater algal blooms, and evaluate the validity of using algicidal bacteria to combat Microcystis algal blooms.
Dr. Rajashekhar Mahadevagouda, Dr. V K Kamble, Pavithrabai M S
The contemporary library environment is characterised by rapid technological advances, new models of information delivery, and a shift in user expectations toward immediacy, accessibility, and relevance. Within this changing landscape, law college libraries play a vital role in supporting legal education and scholarship. Librarians in these institutions must now move beyond traditional functions to become facilitators of research, digital resource managers, and educators in information literacy. This paper explores capacity building as a holistic process aimed at enhancing the personal, professional, and institutional competencies of library professionals. Drawing upon international and Indian examples, the study highlights how well-designed capacity-building initiatives can transform law college libraries into dynamic learning centres. It also examines the integration of capacity-building strategies into institutional policies and accreditation frameworks and outlines measurable outcomes such as improved user satisfaction, enhanced research productivity, and operational efficiency. The findings underscore the importance of continuous learning, strategic partnerships, and evidence-based professional development to ensure that librarians remain relevant and effective in the evolving legal information environment.
Anthony Chijioke Eze, Augustine Chukwudi Onuh, Okeke Miracle Chidiebere
Tension-type pneumothorax in particular is a life-threatening emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Although imaging modalities—a chest CT scan being the gold standard—are frequently employed for confirmation, clinical diagnosis is essential in cases when imaging delays could be lethal. A bronchopleural fistula (BPF) complicated spontaneous pneumothorax in an obese patient with a body mass index of 43.6 kg/m². Before the chest tube was inserted, the diagnosis was verified by a straightforward and repeatable bedside diagnostic technique: loss of syringe plunger recoil following pleural entrance with a 16G trocar cannula. The patient experienced a persistent air leak that was consistent with BPF after tube thoracostomy, and this was meticulously watched. After three weeks of conservative treatment, the air leak eventually closed on its own, negating the need for surgery. This case demonstrates how the syringe plunger recoil test can be used as a simple and trustworthy bedside tool to support imaging in the quick diagnosis of pneumothorax, enabling prompt treatment to start. It also implies that a cautious conservative approach may allow for the spontaneous closure of a bronchopleural fistula with careful monitoring and the right safeguards, saving some patients from the hazards associated with major surgery.
Alfred Asiwome Adu, Alhassan Iddrisu, Enoch Deyaka Mwini
In recent years, the Ghanaian Cedi (GHS) has experienced notable appreciation against major global currencies, coinciding with fluctuating domestic fuel prices. Understanding the sustainability of this appreciation is crucial for policymakers, investors, and economic planners. This study adopts an innovative interdisciplinary approach by integrating Machine Learning (ML) techniques with principles from Ancient Geomancy, aiming to analyze and forecast the trajectory of the Cedi relative to fuel price dynamics. Quantitative analysis is conducted using historical exchange rate data and fuel pricing information, employing time series forecasting models such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Random Forest Regression, and Prophet to predict future movements in the value of the Cedi. These models are evaluated using standard metrics including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and R-squared (R²). Complementing the ML analysis, we apply symbolic and spatial interpretations from Ancient Geomantic traditions particularly those relating to elemental balance and directional energy flows to provide a qualitative framework for interpreting economic cycles and currency stability. The integration of these two paradigms allows for a richer, multi-dimensional understanding of economic phenomena. Our findings suggest that while Machine Learning models offer robust predictive capabilities, Geomantic insights contribute contextual depth, potentially revealing underlying patterns not captured through conventional quantitative methods alone. This study contributes to the growing discourse on blending traditional knowledge systems with modern computational tools in financial and economic analysis.
Tafara
Gender dynamics and gender trajectories and their impact on education systems have long been a verdant trope of scholarly inquiry and policy focus. The centrality of gender in shaping educational opportunities and outcomes, resource allocation, and societal perceptions cannot be overstated in pedagogical and learning spaces, particularly in the context of developing nations like Zimbabwe. The present article critically delves into the multifaceted and multipronged dimensions of gender, its formation and its pervasive influence on the Zimbabwean education system in the 21st century. The phenomenon of gender is explored through a sociological lens particularly rooted in the process of socialisation, revealing its construction as an unintended outcome of interactions between social actors of different sexes and societal structures. Gender is not merely a biological distinction but a complex interplay of socially assigned attributes, opportunities, and relationships that are learned through the process of socialization. Within the realm of formal education in Zimbabwe, gender plays a pivotal role in defining the allocation of resources, opportunities, and duties along gender lines. The article examines how patriarchal norms and ideologies have led to preferential treatment of boys over girls, perpetuating gender inequalities in areas such as access to education, resource allocation, and empowerment opportunities. In the same stride, the article investigates the role of language, hidden curricula, and societal norms in shaping gender perceptions and reinforcing stereotypes. It delves into how gender assumptions and expectations influence the educational experiences of boys and girls, impacting their academic performance, career choices, and prospects. By critically examining the centrality of gender in the Zimbabwean education system, the article aims to shed light on the complex dynamics at play and the need for concerted efforts to address gender inequalities and promote equal opportunities for all students, regardless of their gender.
Abhinav Shinde, Pranav Turkar, Prof. Sampada Kulkarni, Ram Gavhane, Soham Sawant
In academic institutions, placement and recruitment activities are often managed manually using fragmented tools like emails, spreadsheets, and forms. These disjointed systems result in redundancy, communication gaps, and lack of data analytics. The proposed Centralized Training and Placement Portal (TNP Portal) unifies the entire placement workflow by automating job postings, eligibility checks, resume submissions, and reporting. The system uses a three-tier architecture consisting of a Next.js frontend, Node.js + Express backend, and PostgreSQL database with Auth0 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) for security. This approach ensures efficiency, transparency, and reduced administrative workload, improving overall placement performance and user experience. This research presents the design and implementation of a Centralized Training and Placement Portal (TNP Portal) that unifies the entire placement lifecycle into a single digital system. The portal automates core processes including job posting, eligibility verification, resume management, application tracking, and reporting. User security is ensured through Auth0 authentication with JWT-based Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), providing dedicated modules for Students, TPOs, and Recruiters. Real-time dashboards enable institutions to visualize placement performance, generate reports, and track KPIs such as recruiter participation, application count, and successful hires. Experimental evaluation demonstrated that the system improved processing efficiency by 63%, eliminated duplicate data entries, reduced shortlisting time from hours to seconds, and enabled transparency through end-to-end workflow tracking. The TNP Portal represents a scalable and secure solution that transforms placement management from a fragmented manual process into an automated, data-driven ecosystem.
Polycarp Owuodho Opiyo
Refugees are increasing worldwide and according to United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), their hosting is the preserve of the destination countries and the international community. Support to refugees is sometimes challenging because refugee agencies and host governments lack adequate resources to take care of their welfare. Most of the refugees are left to fend for themselves. The main objective of this study was to establish the challenges that South Sudanese refugees face in their livelihood strategies in Eldoret City. The study incorporated both the individualist theory and the model developed by Harris and Todaro. The study adopted a descriptive research design and utilized mixed methods approach. The target population comprised of all adult South Sudanese living in Eldoret City, Kenya. The population size was 1396 adults. The sample size of the study as determined by Krejcie and Morgan formulae was 301. The respondents were picked from their households using systematic sampling technique in which every 5th household was selected until the desired sample (n=301) was reached. The study instruments included a questionnaire and interview guide. Three hundred and one questionnaires were disseminated to refugees while seven (7) interviews were conducted for government officers. Data was coded, entered and cleaned with the aid of SPSS software. Quantitative analysis was done using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was thematically analyzed and interpreted. The quantitative findings of the study were presented using tables and charts while the qualitative data was presented using themes, narrative descriptions and use of participant quotes. The study findings indicated that 30.2% of the refugees believed that provision of job opportunities could be a way out to solve the challenges they have on livelihoods. Data from qualitative interviews indicated that sometimes refugees lack money to use, and in such situations the religious members assist them. In addition, other challenges experienced include discrimination by landlords and security enforcement officers. The challenges experienced on refugee livelihoods was exacerbated by inadequate refugee funding. The study concluded that there was a myriad of challenges which refugees face in their day-to-day life and engagement in business is not able to solve most of these challenges.
Dr. Manoj Kumar Meena
Pedalium murex L. (family: Pedaliaceae) is a common medicinal plant in the Indian system of Medicine used in the treatment of renal diseases, digestive tonics, ulcers, fevers, wounds and other disorders, as they possess antioxidant activity. In the present study of Pedalium murex was selected depending upon its availability and its use in curing various health ailments for antioxidant studies. In vitro antioxidant study the most common method is the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The plant has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-diabetic effects. Ethno-medicinal plants play a vibrant role in inhibiting different disorders in human-beings and cattle. The goal of these studies is to discover an effective treatment for a variety of illnesses that are prevalent in today’s society, as well as a way to postpone the signs of aging.
Hannan Fatini Md Reshad, Rahimah Embong, Siti Fatimah Salleh, Siti Khatijah Ismail, Tengku Fatimah Muliana Tengku Muda, Zurita Mohd Yusoff
This paper examines the Qismul Aulad program, implemented exclusively during Ramadan at Masjid Al-Muktafi Billah Shah (MAMBS), Kuala Terengganu, as a child-friendly mosque initiative that supports parents’ performance of tarawih. Conceived as a community practice embedded in the mosque’s Ramadan routine, Qismul Aulad functions not merely as childcare but as a ritualised pedagogy that transmits Qur’anic literacy, nurtures adab, and normalises children’s presence in sacred space while tarawih is in session. Using a qualitative approach document analysis, observations, and semi-structured interviews with mosque administrators, parents or guardians, and child participants the study finds that the program strengthens intergenerational ties, increases parental engagement with mosque life, and cultivates pro-social dispositions among children. It also helps parents maintain prayer focus through structured, supervised activities aligned with prayer cycles. The paper recommends that other mosques implement similar initiatives to realise child-friendly mosque environments that sustain youth engagement while directly supporting tarawih.
Chinaza Samuel Adibe, Excel Obumneme Amaefule, Fanen Terdoo, Francisca Ogechukwu Oshim, Romoke Shakirat Ojo, Winner Akuabianuju Amaefule
Climate change-induced environmental stress is intensifying localized resource conflicts in agrarian communities, particularly where governance is weak and livelihoods depend heavily on land and water. This study investigates the nexus of climate variability, resource scarcity, and conflict dynamics in Omor and its environs within Ayamelum Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Using an integrated theoretical lens, the study employs a qualitative, multi-method approach including two rounds of in-depth interviews, key informant consultations and direct participant observations. Findings reveal that prolonged dry seasons, erratic rainfall, and drying streams have diminished access to water and fertile land, increasing competition and triggering violent disputes, particularly over farmland boundaries and fishing rights. Community observations identified poor borehole infrastructure, reliance on seasonal streams, and fragmented governance structures. Land and water emerged as flashpoints, with conflicts often escalating into intercommunal violence and herderfarmer clashes, some resulting in deaths and military intervention. Field data indicates that the community’s governance is largely traditional but poorly resourced, with low to moderate conflict-mediation capacity. While local actors employ traditional mediation and avoidance behaviors, state responses remain reactive and under sustained. Participants expressed hope for future state-led interventions, particularly around boundary demarcation and water infrastructure, yet also criticized elite manipulation, political fragmentation, and institutional delays. Despite pervasive conflict, adaptive behaviors such as rain harvesting, informal negotiation, and artisanal resource use (example is clay mining) reveal community resilience. This research provides rare empirical insight into southeastern Nigeria’s underexplored climate–conflict landscape. It highlights how climate-induced stress intersects with structural inequality, poor governance, and historical land rivalries to produce complex conflict ecologies. It concludes by advocating for participatory land reforms, robust governance support, and integrated peacebuilding approaches to mitigate rising climate-security risks in rural Nigeria.
Aigbokie S.O, Amusa T.A, Anyaim, K.H, Echebiri, R.N, Enoch, J.U, Enoch, O.C, Nwankwo, E.N
This study investigated the trends in climatic variables, fertilizer use, and cassava production in Nigeria from 1980 to 2023, utilizing exponential trend analysis on secondary data sourced from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistics, the World Bank database, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet). Results indicated a slight but significant decline in rainfall (β = -0.0021, p < 0.01) and cassava yield (β = -0.0094, p < 0.01), alongside significant temperature increases (β = 0.0037, p < 0.01), relative humidity (β = 0.0027, p < 0.01), solar radiation (β = 0.0154, p < 0.01), cultivated land area for cassava (β = 0.0052, p < 0.01), and labour force involved in cassava production (β = 0.2599, p < 0.01). Fertilizer use showed a negative but statistically insignificant trend (β = -0.0392, p > 0.05). These findings suggest that, despite increasing land and labour inputs, as well as expanding solar radiation and humidity, cassava yields are declining, likely due to decreasing rainfall, rising temperatures, and inadequate fertilizer application. The study concluded that climate variability, coupled with limited technological adoption as exemplified in low fertilizer use, threatens cassava productivity in Nigeria. It recommends urgent investment in climate-smart agricultural practices, enhanced access to fertilizers, and the promotion of drought- and heat-tolerant cassava varieties to bolster resilience and sustain production.
Dr. Daniel Aniekan Aloysius, Itoro Effiong Ekanemesang, Mmenyene Daniel Aloysius
This study investigated collaborative technologies and knowledge sharing in federal university libraries in South-South and South-East, Nigeria. Six objectives, research questions and two hypotheses were raised to guide the study. Descriptive survey research design was employed. The population for the study was 243 librarians from 11 federal university libraries in in South-South and South-East, Nigeria. All the librarians were sampled using census sampling technique. An instrument titled “Collaborative Technologies and Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire (CTKS)” was used for the data collection. The questionnaires were validated by the researchers. Cronbach Alpha formula was used to establish the reliability of the instrument. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of this study revealed that federal university libraries in both South-South and South-East Nigeria make extensive use of collaborative technologies, especially easily accessible tools like email and WhatsApp. These technologies have become central to daily communication, resource sharing, and teamwork among librarians. The study concludes that collaborative technologies have become indispensable tools for promoting knowledge sharing in university libraries. It recommended among others that University management should invest in stable, high-speed internet connections to enable seamless access to collaborative platforms and digital resources
Rasheedat K. Akanbi, Stella Chioma Ibe
This study examined gender segregation in internet utilization in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), focusing on the primary factors that sustain disparities and the influence of socio-cultural norms. A mixed-methods design was employed, combining a structured survey of 100 respondents (88 valid) with two focus group discussions involving 16 participants. Quantitative analysis using regression modeling tested the influence of gender-based segregation and socio-cultural norms on internet use, while qualitative thematic analysis provided insights into lived experiences across urban and semi-urban/slum contexts. Findings revealed that socio-cultural expectations and household power dynamics shape how women engage with the internet, often restricting them to socially sanctioned uses such as communication and family-related activities. However, regression results showed that neither gender-based segregation (p = 0.906) nor socio-cultural norms (p = 0.190) significantly predicted overall internet utilization. This suggests that structural barriers, such as affordability and digital literacy, may exert a stronger influence on access and use. The study concludes that bridging gendered digital gaps requires targeted literacy programs, affordable access initiatives, and policies that challenge restrictive socio-cultural norms, thereby advancing progress toward SDGs 5 and 10.
Dr Omoregie Iyobosa Humphrey, Margaret Omolara Akerele
This study examines and compares the level of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) utilization among women in academics at the University of Benin (UNIBEN) and Adekunle Ajasin University (AAUA). The study investigates the extent to which female academic staff employ ICT tools for teaching, research, and communication purposes, and how institutional context influences this usage. Using a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 180 respondents, the study adopted a descriptive survey design and employed inferential statistics to assess differences in ICT engagement between the two universities. Results indicate significant disparities in access, frequency of use, and perceived productivity outcomes, with women in UNIBEN demonstrating higher engagement in research-oriented ICT tasks. The findings suggest the need for institutional reforms to address gender-sensitive ICT policies and infrastructural improvements to promote inclusivity.
Dr. Nandha Kumara Pujam. S
Background: Prison officers play a crucial role in supervising and caring for the inmates in the correctional system. Chinese correctional officers were observed having depression and anxiety. Due to the dearth of studies in the literature related to mental health issues among correctional officers and to have a comprehensive understanding of gender differences among prison officers. The present study aims to investigate mental health issues between male and female prison officers. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study design conducted at Central Prison, Shivamogga, Karnataka. 42 prison officers (21 male and 21 female) were administered the depression, anxiety and stress scale to understand the difference in mental health status between male and female prison officers. Results: The present study observed a significant difference in stress between male and female prison officers. Conclusion: The current research concludes that male prison officers working at prisons undergo a lot of stress dealing with prisoners who mostly possess antisocial personalities. Additionally, counselling and providing awareness about mental health are some of the ways to reduce the stress of the prison officers.
D.R. Welikanna, K. W. D. Sachinthana, M. A. R. D. Gunathilaka, N. Malalarathne
Total station is a widely used instrument in the field of surveying for both distance and angle measurements. Indirect levelling is a function that total station can be used but the level of accuracy that can be achieved is uncertain. Therefore, it is expected to investigate conditions and limitations of using total station for leveling through this study. An 8km long level line was established for this purpose, covering various topographical features using into level. Selected segments of this level line were used for total station levelling. The result achieved from total station was compared with auto level heights. Error variation of total station readings in each segment was projected to graphs. According to results, the error was always negative when the level line slopes downwards and positive when rises upwards. Error generation was higher as longer the distance between instrument and target. Finally total station can be recommended for engineering surveys but not suitable for water supply and drainage projects where accuracy is critical.
Efrenjoy A. Hawete, Sarilyn R. Lopez
This study aimed to correlate the academic achievements and the board exam performance rating of geodetic engineering graduates of Nueva Vizcaya State University from year 2018-2022. The study limits on to those graduates from year 2018-2022 who took the board exam, based on Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) data. The two-day board exam covers 5 Subjects, 3 Subjects during the first day and 2 Subjects on the second day. Simple Correlation and Linear Regression analysis were used to determine the relationship of the independent and dependent variables. Findings revealed a significant positive linear correlation between their academic achievements and their board exam performance rating. On the other hand, Subjects taken on the first day of the exam have greater coverage compared to those on the second day. This extensive coverage may contribute to examinee fatigue, potentially affecting performance on subsequent subjects. Moreover, results suggest that academic performance plays a significant role in predicting board exam success for geodetic engineering examinees in NVSU. Therefore, this study provides insight for both educators and future examinees to recognize the value of academic preparation and to strive for academic excellence in their pursuit of success in the board exam
Kurubuni Cajetan Sungsomang
This study investigates the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on Hollywood’s creative production processes, with a particular focus on how technological adoption is reshaping roles, workflows, and notions of authorship. Drawing on an interpretivist paradigm and a qualitative research design, the study employed document analysis of industry reports, union statements, scholarly publications, and media sources published between 2018 and 2024. The findings reveal that AI has been incorporated into multiple stages of filmmaking, including concept development, screenwriting, casting, visual effects, editing, and production planning. While these tools primarily function as supplementary aids that enhance efficiency and expand creative options, concerns persist about reduced human agency, job security, and cultural originality. Stakeholder perceptions vary: producers and executives often emphasize efficiency and cost reduction, whereas writers, performers, and technical staff express unease about the erosion of creative sovereignty and skill development. Labor unions such as the Writers Guild of America (WGA) and SAG-AFTRA have begun to push for contractual safeguards addressing issues of authorship, copyright, and likeness protection. The study concludes that AI’s integration into Hollywood is negotiated rather than uniform, marked by tensions between innovation and creative integrity. It highlights the need for regulatory frameworks, ethical oversight, and skill development initiatives to ensure that technological progress does not compromise artistic expression, labor conditions, or cultural diversity. By situating these findings within broader theoretical and empirical debates, the research contributes to ongoing discussions on the future of creativity in the age of intelligent machines.
Er Medha Vyas
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a key component of Ayurvedic medicine and is seeing rising demand in India and internationally. This paper reviews agronomic practices, agro-climatic suitability, crop management, economic viability, and post-harvest handling in Madhya Pradesh. Drawing on local agro-ecological conditions, it offers practical recommendations for farmers and policymakers to improve yield, quality, and profitability while supporting sustainable agriculture.
Archana Lidoo, Ashiq M I, Chitra Paramasivam
Gold being one of the precious metals is considered as a highly liquid asset and ensures providing better economic advantage compared to other assets. Most of the banks provide loans in pledge of the customers gold as a collateral. The gold that is stored in banks is sometimes subjected to manipulation by employees or customers but unless verified this issue is discovered at a later point subjecting the individuals to legal actions. The renewal of the existing gold loan process requires the presence of the customer in bank to fill and sign the documents. The preference is provided on a first come first serve basis and the customer needs to wait until the banking procedures are completed. This similar process is done even for retrieving gold from the bank. The objective is to design an application integrated with IoT to ensure a transparency of the asset details and improve customer experience by adopting digital methods during new asset pledge, renewal, and return.
Fairul Azhar bin Abdul Shukor, M. H. Mohamad
Motorcycle theft remains one of the most prevalent property crimes in Malaysia, driven by factors such as high demand for spare parts, ease of mobility, and insufficient physical security in public parking areas. To address this issue, this paper presents the design and development of a centralized anti-theft motorcycle system that integrates smart surveillance, mobile-based user authentication, and automated locking mechanisms. The proposed system utilizes a modular architecture comprising a robotic gripper, ultrasonic sensors, and an ESP-32 microcontroller, all coordinated via a secure web-based mobile application. Users can remotely manage their motorcycle’s security status through QR code verification, while real-time monitoring and passive surveillance enhance situational awareness and deterrence. A lab-scale prototype was developed to validate the system’s functionality, demonstrating its potential to significantly reduce theft incidents in shared parking environments. This work contributes to the advancement of smart mobility infrastructure and offers a scalable solution for urban safety enhancement.
Dheeraj Kumar Dhaked, Dinesh Birla, Tapesh Yogi
The demand for reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly transportation is the need of the hour, and developments are underway for transportation purposes. The use of DG (diesel generator) sets and fuels increases the emission of carbon dioxide and GHG (greenhouse gases) in transportation. Thus, causing pollution and global warming, which could result in drastic climate change, extinction of living species, rising ocean levels, and natural disasters. Non-conventional power sources like solar power, wind energy, and geothermal energy are emerging as complementary power resources in place of conventional sources. This article has proposed a Solar PV and storage-based system for power solutions of LHB (Linke Hofmann Busch, Germany) coaches used in railway transportation. The integration of this solar PV system within a railway microgrid framework enables intelligent energy management, ensuring efficient coordination between renewable generation, energy storage, and coach power demand. The study has shown that the area available atop train coaches is more than sufficient to generate the required power during sunlight hours. The power will be used through hotel load winding in the locomotive using the HOG (Head on Generation) scheme during cloudy weather and nighttime. Rakes can be used as energy generators while standing in the yard and can feed the energy to the grid, helping to save on tariffs. The total calculation was made by observing a standard running route, the number of coaches, and DG set usage. The cost of diesel is 90.70 INR/liter. In the proposed study, there will be an annual saving of 2,57,75,942 INR, corresponding to 2,84,189 liters of diesel per train per year after implementing this arrangement. The establishment cost of this system would be recovered in approximately five months, as calculated. Hence, the system implemented is a better solution for transportation that is reliable, sustainable, and eco-friendly.
Christine Osinde, Evelyne Maniratunga
Small and medium-sized businesses are a major part of the global economy and they have widely recognized impact to the Burundian economy and have a wide range of job opportunities at around 85% and created substantial social benefits for Burundi. Small businesses in Burundi are mainly family-owned and contribute to bad products that do not count for the market because the lack of creative nature and skills is more common in these businesses. However, there are poor financial accounting procedures for SMEs in Burundi, as well as separate responsibilities and trust in an exaggerated percentage of workers which means that the poor performance of these Burundian Small and Medium Enterprises is attributed to mismanagement. The aim of the report was to determine the influence of detective accounting controls on financial performance of selected SMEs in Bujumbura city, Burundi.
Christine Osinde, Evelyne Maniratunga
Background: Small and medium-sized businesses are a major part of the global economy and they have widely recognized impact to the Burundian economy and have a wide range of job opportunities at around 85% and created substantial social benefits for Burundi. Small businesses in Burundi are mainly family-owned and contribute to bad products that do not count for the market because the lack of creative nature and skills is more common in these businesses. However, there are poor financial accounting procedures for SMEs in Burundi, as well as separate responsibilities and trust in an exaggerated percentage of workers which means that the poor performance of these Burundian Small and Medium Enterprises is attributed to mismanagement. The aim of the report was to determine the influence of detective accounting controls on financial performance of selected SMEs in Bujumbura city, Burundi. Materials & Methods: The research used survey design. It adopted descriptive and inferential statistics and was guided by Consistency Theory, Stewardship Theory and Agency Theory. The target population was 1463 workers from the 10 selected companies in Bujumbura City, Burundi who are beneficiaries of the investment code identified by API for getting real information. The researcher utilized a representative sample of 314 workers. To gather data both closed and open-ended questions were involved. The findings were presented using tables and graphs. Research instruments’ validity was ascertained through test re-test. Cronbach's alpha was utilized to test the internal coefficient of alpha exceeding 0.7 as accurate. Data has been analysed through inferential and descriptive statistics. For inferential statistics, Multiple regression as well as Pearson correlation were adopted Results: The actual total ranking of Detective accounting controls in the selected SMEs in Bujumbura, Burundi had just been at 72.5% (mean=3.629, standard deviation=0.724) minor effect. The standardized regression outcomes have been discovered most effective; = 0.568, t = 14.398, p=0.000 <0.05; Therefore, the findings showed that there was an overall favorable connection among both detective accounting controls and financial performance (r-square = 0.407 < 0.5, p = 0.000< 0.05). Summary: The analysis found a significant connection in both detective accounting controls and the financial performance of the small and medium sized enterprises in Bujumbura City, Burundi.
Abdukarim Yasin Gurey, Bonsa Tamane Tadase, Tibebu Bezabih Arefeayne
Financial inclusion is a cornerstone of inclusive development, especially in rural economies where access to formal financial services remains limited. In Ethiopia, smallholder farmers face persistent barriers to financial inclusion despite national strategies aimed at improving their financial access. While numerous empirical studies have explored these determinants, findings remain fragmented and inconclusive. This study aims to systematically synthesize empirical evidence on the determinants of access to formal financial services among rural farmers in Ethiopia through meta-analysis. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The study draws upon a rich body of literature published between 2010 and 2024, resulting in 18 eligible studies, which employed logit model to assess determinants. Effect sizes were extracted and pooled using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity. Meta-regression was performed to identify moderators of variation in effect sizes. The meta-analysis revealed income, financial literacy, and credit experience as positive and statistically significant determinants of access to formal financial services. Other commonly studied variables such as gender, education, and distance to financial institutions showed non-significant pooled effects. Meta-regression revealed that sample size and financial inclusion measure significantly moderated the effect of income, while region and publication year did not. Rural financial inclusion in Ethiopia is significantly influenced by income level, financial literacy, and prior credit experience. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions that promote income generation, financial education, and access to introductory credit schemes. Standardizing financial inclusion metrics and improving geographic study coverage are essential for future research and policy formulation.
Abdukarim Yasin Gurey, Bonsa Tamane Tadase, Tibebu Bezabih Arefeayne
This study analyzed the determinants of financial inclusion in Ethiopia using the latest Global Findex 2025 database. Financial inclusion, defined as ownership of a formal financial account, remains a critical policy objective for inclusive growth and poverty reduction. Using binary logistic regression on a nationally representative sample of 1,001 adults, the study examined how demographic, socioeconomic, and digital factors affect account ownership. The results revealed that gender, age, education, income quintile, employment status, place of residence, and internet use significantly influenced financial inclusion. Men and urban residents are 2.1 times more likely to hold accounts, while individuals with higher education and internet access show substantially greater participation in the financial system. Education and digital connectivity emerge as the most influential predictors, highlighting the importance of human capital and technology in expanding financial access. Conversely, rural residence and unemployment significantly constrained financial inclusion. The study concludes that financial inclusion in Ethiopia is remains uneven, a consequence of disparities across education, income, geography, and digital access. The findings provide timely evidence for policymakers, financial institutions, and development partners committed to promoting inclusive financial access and digital finance in Ethiopia.
Mehrez Ben Nasr
This paper investigates the determinants of policyholder surrenders in Tunisian periodic-savings life insurance using real-world data extracted from a Tunisian insurance company. A logistic regression model identifies the main behavioral and financial drivers of surrender decisions in an emerging North African market context. The analysis shows that prior partial surrender (odds ratio ≈ 6.25), the existence of policy advances (≈ 1.82), and low mathematical reserves (< 80 KDT; ≈ 0.56) are the key explanatory variables. The model achieves an AUC of 0.96–0.97, indicating high predictive accuracy comparable to advanced machine learning approaches reported in developed markets. These findings provide actionable insights for life insurers in emerging economies, supporting targeted retention strategies, improved liquidity planning, and enhanced capital management. The study contributes to the limited empirical literature on surrender behavior in African insurance markets and validates key theoretical predictions from international research in the Tunisian context.
Ademola Oyeleye Oyebanji, Bulus Simon, Lydia Alicha John
Electoral malpractice continues to hinder democratic consolidation in Nigeria, particularly in the South-South region where citizen oversight is weak. This study developed a Community-Based Election Monitoring and Whistleblowing Framework (CEMWF) to strengthen transparency and accountability during elections. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys of 432 respondents across Akwa Ibom, Rivers, and Delta States with qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using weighted descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and difference-in-differences (DID) analysis, while spatial hotspot mapping and thematic coding complemented the results. Findings showed that 48.3% of respondents experienced electoral malpractice, but only 26.4% reported it, citing low institutional trust (mean = 2.7/5) and a strong preference for anonymity (mean = 4.7/5). Smartphone ownership (71.7%) and internet access (65.2%) demonstrated readiness for digital monitoring. Reporting likelihood increased with incident severity (OR = 1.80, p < 0.001) and smartphone ownership (OR = 2.30, p = 0.004), while anonymity concerns discouraged reporting. They DID results showed a 3.5-point reduction (p = 0.010) in verified malpractices post-intervention. The study concludes that community-driven, blockchain-enabled monitoring can enhance electoral integrity and rebuild citizen trust in governance.
Dr. S. Valliammai, S. Subhaa Sri
The researcher would develop a reading material to improve the writing skills of the Polytechnic students. The reading material would contain humorous anecdotes as they would motivate and inspire the students to learn English. At the end of each anecdote the teacher would provide communicative activities such as citation, simulation, replication, comparison and reflection. While providing these activities the students would be asked to present their views in writing. The researcher would conduct a pre-test before using the reading material in the class room in different components of writing skills. After teaching the material for a period of forty five days, the researcher would conduct a post test in different components of writing skills again. Grammar, vocabulary, mechanics, style and organization are the different components of writing skills for which proficiency tests would be constructed. The performance of the students in the writing skills would be measured and rated with the help of the proficiency descriptions given in Arthur Hughes’ book entitled Testing for Language Teachers.
Akmal Hasif Mohamad Sukri, Badrul Isa, Mohd Norazri Mohamad Zaini, Muhamad Hafiz Hassan, Rainal Hidayat Wardi
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In Malaysia, the prevalence of autism has increased significantly, with recent estimates suggesting 1 in 600 children are diagnosed with ASD, with higher rates projected to reach approximately 1.6% (Hassan, Wardi, Abdullah, & Isa, 2024). Among Muslim families, ensuring religious education for autistic children presents unique challenges, as traditional teaching methods often rely on abstract concepts and verbal instruction that may not align with the learning styles of neurodivergent individuals.
Bhoomika. A, Neeta Pattan, Yashaswini. S
Biscuits and cookies are usually prepared from refined wheat flour are deficient in proteins, vitamins, minerals and fiber. The present study was conducted with an objective of developing value-added cookies using Moringa powder and to analyse sensory and nutritional qualities. The Moringa leaves were sun dried and powdered and added at 5%, 10% and 15% for the development of cookies. The cookies were subjected to sensory evaluation using 9 point hedonic by the semi trained panellists. The results of the sensory evaluation scores revealed that cookies with 5% incorporation of the Moringa powder were best accepted in terms of taste, flavour and appearance. The nutrient analysis of the best accepted cookies showed 7.88 g of Protein, 24.20 g of Fat, 4.93 g of Moisture, 3.10g of Total Ash, 59.89 g of Carbohydrates, 312 mg of Calcium content, 6.0mg of Iron and 488 Kcal of Energy content per 100 grams. The study concluded that the baking industry can use Moringa powder as cost-effective and natural source of nutrients to produce nutritionally better cookies.
Abhishek Kumar Jain, Sudipto Chatterjee, Umesh Kumar Jain
The concept of controlled drug delivery has been explored for the delivery of drugs for prolong period of time for the past few years. This type of drug delivery has proved to provide a solution to several problems encountered in the repeated administration of such drugs. Utilizing the concept of incorporating drug in to the polymer matrices and extend the drug release for prolong period of time. The present study is an attempt to formulate and evaluate sustained release pellets of valsartan, in view to improve patient compliance and therapeutic action. To increase therapeutic efficacy, reduce frequency of administration and for better patient compliance once daily sustained release valsartan pellets proposed for extended-release dosage forms as it offers several manufacturing and biopharmaceutical advantages. The spherical shape and low surface area to volume ratio of pellets are advantageous for uniform film coating. Ethylcellulose in combination with Eudragit NE 30D was employed in this research to sustain the drug release for 24 hours by using layering technology. Here, Ethylcellulose acts as a release retarding polymer and Eudragit NE 30D acts as a film forming agent.
Ahmad, S, Fasola, O. O, Joseph, C. C, Noel, M. D, Ojeniyi, J. A, Uduimoh A. A.
Synthetic media, a product of advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, represents a transformative innovation that reshapes how content is created, manipulated and consumed. One of the most advanced technology in synthetic media is deepfakes. The misuse of deepfakes poses significant threats to privacy, security and societal trust. Cybercriminals exploit this technology for phishing scams, identity theft and spreading misinformation. This study developed an AI-based hybrid model for forensic analysis of cross platform deep fakes to address these gaps. The study developed a hybrid model that integrates 2D CNN, 1D CNN and RNN framework capable of isolating platform-specific spatial and temporal features for forensic analysis of cross-platform deepfakes. The platforms include social media such as Facebook, Instagram, Youtube, Tiktok and Twiter. The research used Celeb DF dataset for training, validation and testing of the hybrid model. Result from the evaluation metrics showed that the model achieved an accuracy of 99 % on the training data and 93.5 % on the test data. Result equally showed that precision, recall and MCC value were 96.8 %, 90 % and 87.2 % respectively on the test data. The model outperformed single CNN and RNN models and some hybrid models reported. This study demonstrated a reliable hybrid model with high detection accuracy for the forensic analysis of deepfakes. Hence, the model has the potential to address the problem of misinformation caused by synthetic media.
Anjali Gupta, Nidhi Gupta, Sakshi Bhandari, Sangeeta Mishra
Deepfake technology, driven by advancements in deep learning and generative models, enables highly realistic manipulation of facial appearances in videos, often through face-swapping techniques. While such methods have potential in entertainment and creative applications, they also pose serious threats to privacy, trust, and information integrity. This paper presents the development of a machine learning (ML)-based system for detecting face-swap deepfake videos. The proposed approach employs video preprocessing, frame extraction, and facial region isolation, followed by feature extraction using a deep convolutional neural network (ResNeXt). Temporal consistency is analyzed with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to capture sequential artifacts. Experimental results demonstrate the system’s ability to distinguish real and fake videos with high accuracy, contributing to digital forensics and misinformation mitigation efforts.[1]
Bildad Awere, Daniel Mishael Masetu
This paper discussed how Developmental Evaluation (DE) may be used to improve the responsiveness and resource distribution by governance in Nairobi County, Kenya. The objective of the research was to evaluate how DE can be effective in improving policy flexibility, resource allocation, and economic sustainability of the governance systems in Nairobi. The paper also cited impediments of DE implementation whereby political opposition and institutional inertia were identified as the barriers to the efficiency of DE. The research was based on the Systems Theory which stipulated that complex systems such as the urban governance system needed feedback and lifelong learning in order to adjust. The mixed-method strategy was adopted and entailed a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews using 100 respondents who were government officials, policymakers, and DE experts. The results showed that DE was far more effective in terms of governance responsiveness, with 72 percent of the respondents agreeing that quicker adjustments in policies could be made with the help of real time feedback. On the same note, DE strengthened the allocation of resources, with three-quarters of the respondents claiming to have increased efficiency in allocation of resources. Nevertheless, the issues of inter-sectoral coordination inhibited the maximum potential of DE, as 60 percent of the respondents have indicated. The major barriers to the implementation of DE were political resistance and institutional barriers with 62 percent and 59 percent of the respondents indicating the same respectively. Nevertheless, DE yielded positive results in the long-term governance and 68 percent of the respondents affirmed its long-term effect. The research highlighted the necessity of capacity-building and political commitment to the need to overcome such barriers in making DE successful in the long term. It was concluded that DE had a huge potential of enhancing governance in Nairobi but it needed more institutional structures, cross-sector partnership, and continued training in order to maximise its advantages. The research suggested the inclusion of DE in policy-making and strengthening of community involvement to achieve the best in governance in Nairobi.
Ayoma Kambona Oscar, Moses Mogesi, Peter Chege
Malnutrition remains a critical public health challenge in Kenya, particularly among children aged 6–23 months during the complementary feeding period. Siaya County reports stunting rates (19.2%) exceeding the national average (18.2%), with Alego Usonga Sub-County contributing 42% of the total county malnutrition cases, indicating urgent need for evidence-based interventions. The aim of the study was to assess dietary knowledge, complementary feeding practices, and nutritional status among children aged 6-23 months in Siaya County, Kenya. Three specific objectives target caregiver knowledge assessment, practice determination, and nutritional status evaluation with associated predictors. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed, collecting cross-sectional data from 282 caregiver-child pairs through semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Anthropometric measurements were analyzed using ENA for SMART (2015) software and compared against WHO growth standards. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 26, with chi-square tests examining associations and logistic regression identifying predictors at p<0.05 significance level. The study found that while 70.2% of caregivers initiated complementary foods at the recommended age (6-8 months), significant practice gaps persisted: only 36.5% achieved minimum dietary diversity (MDD), 5.0 % met minimum meal frequency (MMF), and 4.6% achieved minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Malnutrition prevalence included stunting (29.08%), underweight (13.1%), and wasting (4.96%). Girls experienced significantly higher stunting rates than boys (36.55% vs 21.17%, p<0.05). Maternal education level showed significant association with MDD achievement (p=0.03), while male sex significantly increased odds of wasting (OR=13.4, p=0.013) and stunting (OR=2.15, p=0.005). Early solid food introduction at 4-6 months substantially increased stunting risk (OR=2.42-4.66, p<0.05). Despite adequate knowledge of feeding timing, caregivers demonstrated poor implementation of dietary diversity and meal frequency practices. Interventions on complementary feeding need to prioritize maternal education, address gender-specific feeding vulnerabilities, and strengthen community-based nutrition programs.
Frichan A. B Ali, Gabriel O. Anyanwu, Nyaze Sharon Muchelo, Uju Dorathy Iliemene
Unhealthy dietary habits among university students represent a growing public health concern, contributing to both undernutrition and rising cases of overweight and obesity. This study evaluated the dietary patterns, dietary diversity, and associated factors influencing the nutritional status of undergraduate students in Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A repeated cross-sectional survey in which data was collected at two different point in time.it was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect data on food consumption, dietary practices, and socio-demographic factors. Anthropometric measurements were taken to assess nutritional status using Body Mass Index (BMI) classification. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential methods to establish associations between dietary patterns, diversity, and nutritional outcomes. The findings revealed suboptimal dietary practices, characterized by frequent meal skipping, high consumption of energy-dense foods, and low intake of fruits and vegetables. Dietary diversity scores were generally inadequate, reflecting poor micronutrient-rich food consumption. Prevalence of malnutrition was evident, with significant proportions of students classified as underweight, overweight, or obese, highlighting the double burden of malnutrition within the study population. Socioeconomic factors, lifestyle practices, and food availability were key determinants of dietary behaviour and nutritional outcomes. The study concludes that undergraduate students face significant nutritional challenges arising from poor dietary patterns and limited dietary diversity. It recommends targeted nutrition interventions, awareness programs, and policy measures within tertiary institutions to promote healthier dietary practices and improve the overall nutritional well-being of students.
Majitha Nishan P., Stany Mariya Joji
Digital media and mobile technology have become embedded in everyday social life, shaping communication patterns, interpersonal relationships, and self-identity. Among young adults, smartphones function not only as communication tools but also as emotional and social extensions of the self. This study investigates how digital dependency influences the social relationships of college students in Kerala. A qualitative research approach was adopted, with semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions conducted among 45 students in three colleges in Palakkad district. The analysis shows that digital dependency produces a mixed outcome. It facilitates sustained communication, peer bonding, and identity performance while simultaneously weakening face-to-face interaction, increasing emotional fatigue, and fostering comparison-oriented anxiety. The study argues that digital dependency is a sociocultural phenomenon tied to peer expectations, belonging needs, and evolving communication norms. The findings contribute to sociological debates on youth culture, emotional life, and the network society in contemporary India.
Ilyas Iskandar Bin Jumarin, Muhammad Arif Amirun Bin Baharuddin, Nor Kamariah Binti Kasmin@Bajuri, Syed Muhammad Harith Bin Wan Ibrahim
Mathematics anxiety is a persistent challenge among engineering students, often hindering motivation, retention, and performance in Calculus, particularly in the topic of differentiation. This study introduces an innovative digital game-based learning (DGBL) approach using Canva to address these issues by fostering engagement and active participation. Unlike traditional lecture-based methods that may contribute to passive learning and heightened anxiety, this interactive platform incorporates clickable elements, drag-and-drop activities, and visual guides that support hands-on practice and deeper conceptual understanding. The games are designed to be flexible for blended, flipped, or independent learning, and can be easily accessed via QR codes or online platforms. Early implementation involving undergraduate students demonstrated positive outcomes, with evidence suggesting that integrating DGBL alleviates mathematics anxiety, improves attitudes toward Calculus, and strengthens mastery of differentiation. This initiative aligns with Malaysia’s SDG Goal 4 on Quality Education by promoting inclusive, technology-enhanced learning and supports the National Philosophy of Education’s goal of developing confident, intellectually capable individuals. Overall, the project demonstrates that digital game-based learning can transform traditional mathematics instruction into an engaging, student-centered experience that reduces psychological barriers and enhances STEM learning outcomes.
Nwanne, Ben U. (Ph.D.), Okowa-Nwaebi, Loveth Chekwube, Ufuophu-Biri, E. (Ph.D.)
The study examined the digital media literacy and students’ entrepreneurship readiness in state public universities in Delta State, Nigeria. Specifically, it assessed the effects of digital communication and collaboration and innovative digital creativity on students’ preparedness to initiate and manage entrepreneurial ventures. Two research questions were raised in line with stated objective leading to two hypotheses being postulated. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and a total of 376 respondents were sampled from a population of 40,989 students using Krejcie and Morgan’s table. Only data received from 311 respondents were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression. The findings revealed that both digital communication and collaboration (β = 0.454, p < 0.001) and innovative digital creativity (β = 0.538, p < 0.001) had significant positive effects on students’ entrepreneurship readiness. The model explained 57.1% of the variance in entrepreneurship readiness (R² = 0.571), indicating a strong predictive relationship. The study concluded that fostering digital competencies and creativity enhances students’ entrepreneurial preparedness, supporting both Human Capital Theory and Innovation Diffusion Theory. It recommends that universities integrate collaborative digital platforms, promote creative digital programmes, and establish experiential entrepreneurship environments to strengthen students’ readiness for entrepreneurial activities.
Rhea T. Ladion
This study examined the compliance of the top five disaster-prone barangays of Dapitan City, Zamboanga del Norte, with Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)
Anita Pandey, Dr. V. M. Agrawal
Spiders, classified as invertebrates, belong to the phylum Arthropoda, class Arachnida, and order Araneae. A study was conducted from March 2024 to February 2025 to investigate spider diversity in Madosilli Waterfall the Sarangarh-Bilaigarh District, Chhattisgarh. The primary objective of this survey was to assess the existing spider diversity and seasonal variation within the designated study area. A comprehensive survey of Madosilli Waterfall documented a total of 32 species belonging to28 genera and 12 families. The family Araneidae was the most diverse, with 8 species identified, followed by Salticidae with 7 species. Oxyopidae was represented by 3 species. The families Gnaphosidae, Hersiliidae, Lycosidae, Pholcidae, Sparassidae, Tetragnathidae, and Thomisidae each contributed 2 species to the surveyed fauna, Agelenidae and Theridiidae were represented by a single species each. Seasonal variability is generally highest in post-monsoon (n=31), followed by the monsoon season(n=27), followed by the winter(n=25) season and lowest in the pre-monsoon season(n=14). This research provides relevant and up-to-date data on spider species and sessional variation within the specified region, offering a potentially valuable dataset for future investigations of spider fauna.
A Amal Rickey, Bharathi B, Deepa C. Philip, Sakthi Shree B
Sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with early diagnosis critical for improving outcomes. Conventional biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) aid in diagnosis but lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity, particularly in culture-negative cases. Emerging biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), suPAR, and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1), provide additional insight but are limited when used alone. Presepsin (sCD14-ST), a cleavage fragment of CD14, rises within 2–3 hours of infection and shows strong diagnostic and prognostic value. Evidence from emergency department studies demonstrates higher sensitivity and specificity for presepsin compared to PCT, especially in culture-negative sepsis. Combined use of presepsin with PCT enhances diagnostic yield and supports a multimarker strategy. Despite promising findings, assay variability and influence of renal dysfunction remain challenges. Future multicenter studies are needed to establish standardized cut-offs and validate its integration into clinical practice.
Hindu Jubril Amin, Nuhu Mohammed, Ozoemelam Okechukwu Charles
This research investigates the impact of social media marketing on performance of SMEs in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria. This study investigates the influence of social media advertising, content marketing, and customer engagement on performance dimensions of SMEs such as sales growth, market reach, and customer retention. The research used a survey research design and data was gathered via questionnaire from a sample of 384 SME owners/managers selected using stratified random sampling. The set of quantitative analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression using SPSS version 28. The main findings indicated that social media advertising has a significant influence on sales growth (β = 0.687, p < 0.001), content marketing has an enhanced influence on market reach (β = 0.721, p < 0.001) while customer engagement has a influence on customer retention (β = 0.654, p < 0.001). The study established that social media marketing activities explain 73.2% variance in performance of SMEs. Some limitations highlighted by the study include lacked digital and technological skills and competencies, poor internet connectivity issues, and financing capacity for paid advertising. In conclusion the results suggest that implementing social media marketing effectively directly influences SME performance in an ecosystem characterised by commercial activity. The recommendations suggested include assisting with digital skills training and development, devising social media marketing strategies that examine relationships and integrating platforms together, and use local content to foster authenticity with customers. This current research adds to possible understandings of digitally using social media influenced marketing in Nigeria's emerging economy context and provides empirically grounded understanding of possible growth strategies for SMEs.
Genevieve Obiageli, Onwughalu, Rosemary Ogomegbunam Anazodo
The primary aim of this research paper was to investigate the effect of workplace stress on job performance and job satisfaction among healthcare professionals working in private hospitals in Nigeria. The study specifically focused on Holy Rosary Specialist Hospital and Maternity, Waterside, Onitsha, Anambra State. The specific objectives of the study were threefold: first, to examine the primary sources of workplace stress among healthcare professionals at Holy Rosary Specialist Hospital and Maternity, Waterside, Onitsha; second, to assess the extent to which workplace stress affects job satisfaction among healthcare professionals in the same hospital; and third, to evaluate the impact of workplace stress on job performance of healthcare professionals at Holy Rosary Specialist Hospital and Maternity, Onitsha. To guide the research, three research questions and corresponding hypotheses were formulated. The study adopted a survey research design. The total population of the study was 130 healthcare professionals, and due to the manageable size of the population, the entire group was included in the study. A structured questionnaire was administered to all respondents to gather data on their perceptions regarding the impact of workplace stress in their hospital environment. Data collected were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis to determine the significance of the relationship between workplace stress and job satisfaction, as well as job performance. The findings revealed a positive but weak relationship between workplace stress, job satisfaction, and job performance. Based on these findings, the study recommended that hospital management should implement policies that promote employee well-being, including adequate remuneration, stress management training, employee recognition programs, and fostering a positive work environment with open communication.
Abosede Faosat Ashamu, Rotimi Adetayo Adedokun, Temitope Akinola
This study investigated the impact of effective internal control systems on the Return on Assets (ROA) of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Internal controls are crucial for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of financial reporting, compliance with laws and regulations, and the overall operational efficiency of financial institutions. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design. Secondary data were extracted from the audited financial statements of 10 deposit money banks, listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX). Data were subjected to descriptive statistics (mean, median, mode, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (fixed effect regression analysis). Results from the analysis revealed that the internal control system affects the return on assets significantly, which means that any slight reduction in the internal control system will affect the rate at which the assets will generate revenue to the banks negatively, especially when the risks that may arise are not properly assessed and mitigated by the risk management committee. The paper concludes that there is a statistically significant relationship between the two variables; it can be inferred that there is an established connection between the internal control system and the financial performance of the sampled deposit money banks in Nigeria at a significant level.
Eniwo Efezino
The study examined the effectiveness of earnings management (EM) as a financial strategy under the context of rising inflation in Nigeria's capital market. Under the consistent macroeconomic uncertainty, listed Nigerian firms are often faced with pressure to present stable and positive financial reports. This has triggered growing concern about the extent to which firms utilize earnings management to survive inflationary volatility. The study adopted a conceptual approach, critically reviewing theoretical frameworks and available empirical research to explore the impact of inflationary pressures on motives, methods, and perceived efficacy of earnings manipulation. Particular attention is given to the Nigerian Stock Exchange as an example of the broader corporate environment of emerging markets Drawing on agency theory and signaling theory, the research concluded that managers are able to enhance income-smoothing behavior in reaction to inflationary stress to meet market expectations, preserve investor confidence, and cope with unfavorable valuation outcomes. However, these manipulations ranging from accrual-based manipulation to real activity management may not be adequate to achieve desired economic impacts as investors turn more cynical and financial oversight improves. The research also discovers a paradox: EM might temporarily insulate firms from the immediate shock of inflation, but it tended to undermine long-term financial transparency and credibility. In the inflationary economy of Nigeria, where accounting frameworks evolve continuously and regulatory monitoring is sporadic, the strategic use of EM carries threats as well as high risks. The study called for stronger governance frameworks and more investor awareness to detect and measure earnings signals effectively. The study contributes to the existing literature on the resilience of financial reporting in inflationary economies, especially in frontier markets.
Dr. J. Jayachithra, S. Jessy
This experimental study investigates the effectiveness of Life Skills Education (LSE) in developing communication skills among women prospective teachers studying in Colleges of Education affiliated with Alagappa University, Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu. Communication is an essential 21st-century competency for teachers, and Life Skills Education endorsed by the World Health Organization (1994) provides a structured framework for nurturing interpersonal, emotional, and reflective capabilities. The study adopted a single-group pre-test–post-test design involving 50 purposively selected women teacher trainees from various subject specializations. The Communication Skills Assessment Scale (CSAS), consisting of 25 items across verbal, nonverbal, and empathetic communication domains, was used to measure participants’ competencies before and after the intervention. The six-week LSE program comprised twelve interactive sessions emphasizing selfawareness, empathy, effective communication, and decision-making through role play, group discussions, and reflection activities. Statistical analysis using the t-test revealed a significant improvement in post-test scores (t = 9.65, p < .05), confirming that LSE positively influenced participants’ communicative competence and confidence. Subject-wise trends indicated greater improvement among language majors (English and Tamil), suggesting possible mediation by linguistic exposure and motivation. The findings affirm that Life Skills Education enhances communication and interpersonal growth among women trainees, underscoring its importance in teacher preparation. The study recommends integrating LSE systematically into teacher-education curricula to cultivate confident, empathetic, and effective educators capable of fostering inclusive classroom environments.
Ishiekwen Bridget Ushang, Obi Olor P
Recent studies reveal that in spite of the increase in the prevalence of gout, the role of dietary risk factors in the development and management of this condition remains unclear. Therefore, this review work aimed at clarifying the role of dietary factors in the risk and management of gout. An extensive search of literatures published between 1960, to 2018 was performed on the databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Science direct, Cochrane, BMJ, Ann Rheum Dis, and BioMed to identify relevant Cohort, Prospective, and Population based, or Cross-sectional studies that examined the effect of diet on gout. A total of 19 studies (2 Cohort studies, 5 Prospective studies, 1 Population based studies, and 11 Cross sectional studies) were included in this review work. And the methodological quality of these studies was evaluated using the quality assessment tool for observational and cross-sectional studies developed by the National Heart, Lungs and Blood Institute. This work revealed that a positive association exist between intake of sugar sweetened beverages and the risk of gout. It also revealed an inverse relationship between the increase in coffee consumption and the risk of gout. The multivariate relative risk (RR) for incident gout based on coffee intake grouping of 0, <1, 1 - 3, 4 - 5, and > 6 cups per day, were 1.00, 0.97, 0.92, 0.60 (95% confidence interval 0.41 - 0.87), and 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.19 - 0.88), respectively (P for trend is equal to 0.009). In addition, this work also recorded a positive association between risk of gout and the consumption of either meat or sea food. The multivariate relative risk of gout among participants who consumed meat at a mean daily intake of 2.5 servings per day was recorded as 1.41 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.86; P for trend = 0.02). In summary, this research successfully clarified the role of dietary factors in both the risk and the management of gout. It also showed that while the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, purine - rich foods (like meat and seafood), and fructose rich fruits increased the risk for gout, the consumption of coffee and dairy products reduced the risk for gout. Therefore, it is safe to suggest that dietary risk factors should be considered when gout patients are being managed.
Dr. John K. Keter, Dr. William Orora, Victor Kiplangat Rotich
Although Science Process Skills (SPS) have served as the basis for the study of Chemistry, learners at secondary schools in Kenya often do not perform very well practical-based work owing to inadequate laboratory facilities and teacher-directed curricula. This research set out to determine the impact that Multimedia Technology Integration (MTI) would have on the acquisition of Science Process Skills in the science education of Chemistry at co-educational secondary schools in Bomet County, Kenya. A Solomon Four Non-equivalent Control Group quasi-experimental design was employed. It included 208 students in Form Three from four co-educational schools purposefully identified in the program (two experimental and two control). For the experimental therapy, MTI incorporated other interactive techniques for the teaching of the mole concept as animations, simulations and films was used over a four-week period in a four-week intervention. Control group members received instruction using Conventional Teaching Methods (CTM). Data collection instruments comprised a researcher-created acquisition test regarding scientific process skills (KR-21 reliability = 0.853) and an observation checklist on science process skills; past KCPE science performance was a co-variate. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and ANCOVA at ɑ = 0.05 revealed that MTI group had significantly superior SPS acquisition performance than the CTM group (p < 0.05). The experimental group did better than the control group in both test scores and observed practical class level tasks; we saw that 70.2% of participants improve on their competencies. MTI is a promising method for enhancing science process skills acquisition across chemistry classrooms. These findings are encouraging the use of multimedia technology in science curricula to enhance inquiry-based learning and enhance practical competencies in resource-constrained educational conditions.
Abubakar Sani
The performance of loans plays a significant role in enhancing the financial performance of banks and maximizing shareholders’ value. Hence, the study explores the effects of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) on the Financial Performance of Selected Banks on the Ghana Stock Exchange. To this end, the researcher employed a quantitative research approach with a descriptive research design where the impact of NPLs on financial performance was examined through regression analysis and fixed effect, random effect, as well as Hausman Test with STATA. The panel data were collected from published financial statements of the selected banks from the period of 2012 to 2023. The study revealed that the findings present a nuanced picture that requires immediate attention from stakeholders. While there is strong evidence linking high levels of NPLs with lower efficiency reflected in lower ROA figures, their impact on ROE remains ambiguous based on current data sets. This implies that NPLs have no significant impact on returns from equity, while the high levels of non-performing loans affect the profitability and operational effectiveness of the banks. The study further observed that the interest rate fluctuations do not play any role in the link between NPLs and the returns on assets and equity. Given the results, it is recommended that banks adopt robust risk assessment frameworks specifically focused on closely monitoring non-performing loans. It is also suggested that financial institutions must implement strategies aimed at minimizing defaults through improved credit assessments and borrower support programs. Instead of simply expanding asset bases without strategic oversight, banks should focus on improving operational efficiency along with growth.
Dr. Amit Kataria, Dr. Vikash Kaushik
Atisāra is one of the most commonly observed disorders in children, characterized by frequent passage of watery stool. In Ayurveda, it is described as the result of vitiation of Doṣha’s, particularly Vāta, Pitta, and Kapha, leading to abnormal movement of Apāna Vāyu. It is a critical condition in children (Bāla) due to their delicate Dhātus and low immunity (Ojas). Management Principles of this diseases includes:1.General Chikitsā Sūtra: Langhana (fasting/light diet) ,Pachana (digestives),Deepana (appetizers).2.Use of specific herbs like Bilva, Mustā, Nāgakesara, Kutaja, etc.3. Important Classical Formulations: Bilvādi Chūrṇa ,Kutajarishta ,Mustādi Sanjñāpanīya Gana (used for rehydration),Balachaturbhadra Chūrṇa for infants. 4. Basti (Enema):In chronic or complicated cases with Vāta predominance, Yapan Basti may be used in older children. 5.Pediatric Considerations (Kumāra Bhṛtya):According to Kāshyapa Samhitā, special attention should be paid to bāla-roga (pediatric diseases), as the child’s body is still developing. Kṣīra-dosha (vitiated milk) and teething are common causative factors in infants. Recent research and modern orrelation: Atisāra in children correlates with acute gastroenteritis.WHO recommends ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) and zinc therapy; similarly, Ayurveda prescribes Sanjñāpanīya Gana and Ama Pachana herbs.Studies have shown that Bilvādi Kwātha and Kutaja preparations effectively reduce stool frequency and improve gut health. This case study highlights the efficacy of Bilvadi Kwath {Dvitiya} as mentioned in Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 19/78,and in Chakradatta to governance Atisara with Ayurvedic principles.
Dr. Anushri Gokul Endait, Dr. Shilpa Premchand Badhe
Background: Vruddhavastha (geriatric age, 60-100 years) is characterized by Vata dosha predominance, tissue depletion, and diminished strength. Mustadi Yapan Basti, a classical Ayurvedic formulation, is traditionally indicated for strength promotion and rejuvenation. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mustadi Yapan Basti compared with Madhutailik Yapan Basti in managing geriatric symptoms. Methods: Sixty-two patients (60-100 years) were randomized to receive either Mustadi Yapan Basti (Group A, n=31) or Madhutailik Yapan Basti (Group B, n=31) daily for 8 days, with follow-up on Day 24. Primary outcomes included strength (Bala), energy (Utsaha), breathlessness (Ayasen Shwas), and Vata symptoms. Secondary outcomes included walking time and laboratory parameters. Results: Group A demonstrated superior improvements: Bala (96.30% vs 53.24%, p<0.01), Utsaha (90.85% vs 51.03%, p<0.01), Ayasen Shwas (64.35% vs 41.10%, p<0.05), Vata symptoms (68.10% vs 42.55%, p<0.01), and walking time (31.79% vs 18.38%, p<0.01). Marked improvement (≥66% relief) occurred in 74.19% of Group A versus 29.03% of Group B. Significant improvements in hemoglobin (+4.24%), ESR (22.18%), and serum calcium (+6.98%) were observed in Group A. Adverse events were minimal and selflimiting (Group A: 16.13%; Group B: 38.71%). Conclusion: Mustadi Yapan Basti is highly effective and safe for managing geriatric symptoms, demonstrating superior efficacy with sustained benefits and excellent tolerability.
Rupinder Pal Singh
The state of Punjab is at a critical juncture in redefining its mobility systems. With rapid urbanization, rising vehicle ownership and deteriorating air quality, the demand for a sustainable public transport framework has never been greater. This paper examines the role of electric vehicles (EVs), particularly in the public mobility sector, as a transformative pathway for Punjab’s transportation future. Drawing from Ludhiana’s Comprehensive Mobility Plan (2014), Low Carbon Mobility Plan (2013) and recent insights on electric mobility, this research highlights both the opportunities and barriers in adopting EVs in public transport. The paper concludes with policy recommendations that can help in achieving a modal shift toward sustainable, electrified and equitable mobility.
Amirah Hana Mohamed Nor, Nurmarni Athirah Abdul Wahid, Sharifah Norhuda Syed Wahid, Yusharina Yusof
Learning mathematics depends on an individual's emotion and environment. Emotion and environment play crucial roles in students' performance in mathematics, influencing both their ability to engage with the subject and their overall academic success. Emotions is a complex psychological state that is defined as the readiness of the mind in interpreting current situations and the thoughts that play in mind which involves experience, behavioural response and physiological response. In this context, the environment encompasses a range of internal and external conditions that shape how individuals perceive and engage with mathematics. Environment can be divided into several main components including educational environment, social environment, cultural environment, personal environment and physical environment. Understanding these environmental factors can help in developing strategies to manage and reduce mathematics anxiety. Creating a positive, supportive environment can make a significant difference in understanding how students experience and regulate anxiety associated with mathematics. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the influence of emotional and environmental factors on student performance in mathematics through a regression analysis approach. In total, 325 students from selected higher learning institutions responded to the questionnaire voluntarily. The findings showed that there was a significant negative effect of both factors on student performance where the environment was a more significant factor (β = -.685, p = <.001) than emotion (β = -.246, p = <.001). This study concludes that more efforts need to be made to reduce the level of negative emotions towards mathematics by providing a better learning environment so that students show a high level of motivation and display enhanced self-assurance when engaging with mathematics.
Akhmad Riadi, Catherine Pangestu
Due to a rise of climate change and global warming issues, environmental protection became an unavoidable subject for every single person, including managers and leaders of enterprises. As the biggest source of environmental destruction, enterprises try to seek ways to reduce the level of environmental deterioration. One of the strategies employees use is corporate green inclusive leadership. This study analyzes the effect of green inclusive leadership on employees’ engagement in sustainable practices. Moreover, we also investigate the mediating effect of both pro-environmental goal clarity and green organizational identification and the moderating effect of green HRM practices. Using a questionnaire we developed to assess the green organizational condition, we collected responses from 202 participants in Indonesia. By incorporating the use of the SEM model and analysis, we found that green inclusive leadership positively impacts employees’ engagement in sustainable practices. Pro-environmental goal clarity and green organizational identification were also found to be strong mediating factors in bridging the initial effect of green inclusive leadership on employees’ sustainable practices. Moreover, green HRM practices also enhanced the positive influence of green inclusive leadership on our mediating factors. Through these findings, this study provides insights on the development of green managerial practices and green behavior studies in Indonesia, where environmental-focused goals and strategies in enterprises are still in the beginning stages.
Blessing Umeokoli, Nzube Ruth Amaeze
Endophytic microorganisms that colonize plant tissues without causing harm serve as sustainable bio-factories for the green synthesis of metallic and metal-oxide nanoparticles. This review provides an integrated synthesis of endophytic diversity, biosynthetic mechanisms, and cross-sector applications, addressing the fragmentation in previous reports. Fungal endophytes particularly Aspergillus and Penicillium species and bacterial genera such as Bacillus and Streptomyces mediate nanoparticle formation, including silver, gold, zinc oxide, copper oxide, and selenium, through NADH-dependent reductase activity and metabolite-based bio-capping involving polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Recent studies highlight Talaromyces funiculosus derived silver nanoparticles showing strong antibacterial zones (26 mm) and Penicillium verhagenii-produced selenium nanoparticles exhibiting selective anticancer cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ = 225–283 μg/mL) while sparing normal cells. We further discuss extracellular versus intracellular synthesis routes, correlations between synthesis parameters and particle size, morphology, and stability, and summarize biomedical, agricultural, and environmental applications using quantitative activity metrics. Statistical optimization tools including Taguchi and response-surface methodologies are emphasized for enhancing reproducibility and scalability. Finally, future directions involving metabolic engineering, OSMAC strategies to activate silent biosynthetic clusters, and omics-guided optimization are outlined. By linking mechanistic insights with translational outcomes, this review establishes endophyte-mediated nanotechnology as a scalable, eco-efficient platform addressing antimicrobial resistance, cancer therapy, food security, and environmental remediation.
Ifedotun Roseline Idowu, Johnson Tunde Fakoya, Muyiwa Olugbebi
The determination of unknown attacks remains a major challenge in WSN. Network Intrusion Detection (NIDS) is a proactive network security protection technology, which provides an effective defense system for WSN. NIDS heavily utilizes approaches for data extraction and Machine Learning (ML) to find anomalies. ML is an artificial intelligence subset that refers to a set of approaches allowing to learn from a preset dataset with improvement without human intervention. In terms of feature Importance. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a method used to select features in the dataset that contribute the most to predicting the target variable. Working with selected features instead of all the features reduces the risk of over-fitting, improves accuracy and decreases the training time. PSO technique selects optimal features from the preprocessed dataset. Residue Number System (RNS) is a numeral system representing integers by their values modulo several pairwise coprime integers called the moduli. This representation is allowed by Forward Conversion, which asserts that if N is the product of the moduli, there is, in an interval of length N, exactly one integer having any given set of modular values. The goal of the study is to provide NIDS with an attribute selection approach. PSO has been used for that purpose. This proposed feature selection method integrates RNS with the advantages of both empirical mode decomposition to retain most of the relevant features. The Network Intrusion Detection model PSO-RNS is being developed to identify any malicious activity in the network or any unusual behavior in the network, allowing the identification of the illegal activities. The proposed framework validated datasets, UNSW NB-15 to train the ensemble Machine Learning classifiers, KNN, Naïve Bayes and Logistic Regression as base classifiers while Random Forest as meta classifier, all been. stacked for feature selection with PSO optimization technique. In order to enhance the accuracy of the model, RNS is used to extract features from the dataset further using moduli set of {2n - 1, 2n, 2n +1}. The proposed PSO-RNS algorithm performs well in the benchmark function test and effectively guarantees the improvement of PSO feature selection approach. Our model achieved a reduced training time with the inclusion of RNS compared with PSO for (Naïve Bayes + KNN) + Random Forest: CASE A and KNN + Logistic Regression) + Random Forest: CASE B and improved accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed intrusion detection model has good effects and practical application significance.
Mahfudzah Mohamed Noor, Marwan Mohamad, Mohd Alfouzii Nasir, Rohaya Talib
Technology integration is one of the thirteen core constructs within the Sciences, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics Productive Learning (STEMPL) Practices framework, playing a crucial role in supporting meaningful, contextual, and collaborative learning experiences. This study aims to examine the level of technology integration among lower secondary STEM teachers teaching Science, Basic Computer Science (BCS), Design and Technology (DT), and Mathematics. In addition, it investigates the relationship between the level of technology integration and both the subjects taught and teaching experience. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving a total of 556 teachers from the southern zone states of Johor, Melaka, and Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The sample was selected using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique, beginning at the state level, followed by district and school levels. The research instrument (STEMPLQ), developed based on the 13 STEMPL constructs, was validated through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and demonstrated high reliability (α = .97). Findings revealed that the level of technology integration was at a moderately low level (M = 3.43, SD = 0.59), particularly among Mathematics and BCS teachers, as well as teachers with over 20 years of experience. A significant negative correlation was found between teaching experience and the level of technology integration. The study underscores the need for targeted training and peer mentoring to support effective STEMPL integration. A broader construct of technology integration, including higher-order pedagogies and contextual factors such as digital readiness and teacher self-efficacy, is essential for a more comprehensive understanding of implementation challenges.
Dr. M. Vasimalairaja, S. Amutha Rani
professional achievements. While web-based games have been shown to enhance educational outcomes, their effectiveness in teaching English to high school students has not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of web-based learning methods in enhancing English communication skills among high school students. A total of 100 students participated and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups. A mixed-method quantitative design was employed to analyze the data. The results indicated a significant difference between boys and girls in the experimental group. Overall, the study concluded that a blended learning approach, combining face-to-face instruction with web-based activities, can effectively enhance English communication skills at the high school level.
Dr. M. Vasimalairaja, S. Amutha Rani
Scholars have linked improvement in English communication skills to advancements in science and future professional achievements. While web-based games have been shown to enhance educational outcomes, their effectiveness in teaching English to high school students has not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of web-based learning methods in enhancing English communication skills among high school students. A total of 100 students participated and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups. A mixed-method quantitative design was employed to analyze the data. The results indicated a significant difference between boys and girls in the experimental group. Overall, the study concluded that a blended learning approach, combining face-to-face instruction with web-based activities, can effectively enhance English communication skills at the high school level.
Boma Aaron Philip, Bulus Simon, Ejabena C. Dupe
This study investigated the relationship between financial management systems, corruption challenges and the role of financial technology in enhancing accountability in oil spill compensation fund management in Nigeria. Data from 324 respondents across regulatory agencies, oil companies, communities, and NGOs were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression techniques. Results revealed that existing financial management systems significantly influence fund transparency and disbursement efficiency (R2 = 0.377, p < 0.05), while corruption and mismanagement negatively affect equitable distribution (r = -0.661, p < 0.001). Conversely, the adoption of FinTech solutions such as blockchain and AI-driven auditing strongly enhances accountability (R2 = 0.540, p < 0.001). The study concludes that integrating technological innovations with institutional reforms and community participation provides a sustainable pathway for transparent compensation governance.
Ademola Oyeleye Oyebanji, Bulus Simon, Lydia Alicha John
The local governments in Nigeria are the nearest to the people, but they lack proper accountability mechanisms due to poor institutional capacities and insufficient transparency. This paper explored the role of digital governance in improving the accountability of the local government in Akwa Ibom State. In particular, it evaluated how ICT preparedness, transparency system, and citizen response affected accountability outcomes. A structured questionnaire was administered to 318 respondents drawn from 15 Local Government Areas (LGAs). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The correlation analysis showed that there are significant positive correlations among ICT readiness and transparency (r = 0.541, p < 0.01), citizen feedback (r = 0.562, p < 0.01), and accountability (r = 0.613, p < 0.01). The regression model further indicated that ICT readiness (β = 0.324, p < 0.001), transparency mechanisms (β = 0.278, p < 0.001), and citizen feedback (β = 0.236, p < 0.01) significantly predicted accountability outcomes, jointly explaining 52% of the variance (R² = 0.520).These results affirm that accountable governance is a strong determinant at the grassroots level based on digital readiness, fiscal transparency, and participatory feedback systems. The paper concludes that enhancing ICT infrastructure, institutionalization of digital auditing instruments, and encouraging citizen-initiated feedback mechanisms can contribute significantly to accountability in local governments. The results are added to the existing body of knowledge on e-governance at the subnational level and contribute to the global demands of digitalization in the state administration.
Dr. Md. Abdul Aziz Al Aman, Dr. Saroj Kumar, Priya Singh
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has showcased remarkable success in various domains. However, its performance often degrades in the environment with complex structures and distributed rewards. Graph-Based Reinforcement Learning (GBRL) is an approach that combines the strengths of Graph Theory with Reinforcement Learning to optimize complex decision making problems in any networked system. This paper proposes an approach of integrating Reinforcement Learning approaches with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs)to enhance the learning pipeline and model structured data by utilising their capacity. We present an approach that uses GNNs represented as graphs that enables RL agents to get dependencies between entities and access information through them. This paper exhibits GBRL techniques and their application in different domains. A framework of GBRL methods and its advantages over RL methods in working on graph-based data. This work highlights the synergy between graph-based learning and decision-making, offering a promising direction for solving high-dimensional and structured RL tasks more effectively. We also summarize the key challenges and the open research directions in this field.
Edwin Kiprono Rotich, Gudu Samwel Odundo, Peter Asbon Opala, Peter Kisinyo Oloo
Sorghum productivity in Western Kenya is severely constrained by acidic soils, particularly Ferralsols and Acrisols prone to aluminum toxicity and phosphorus fixation. This study assessed the performance of lime-integrated fertilizer treatments under smallholder conditions using a randomized complete block design across three sites. Sorghum grain yield (SGY), agronomic efficiency (AE), nutrient uptake efficiency (NUE), and gross margin (GM) were measured alongside the formulation of a composite Performance Index (PI) designed to simulate both physiological and economic effects. We developed a composite Performance Index to integrate agronomic and economic outcomes, enabling balanced evaluation of lime–fertilizer strategies across acid-prone sites. The PI incorporated weighting scenarios reflecting equal and smallholder-adjusted preferences. Results showed that lime enhanced AE (up to 55%), NUE (up to 34.6%), and SGY ≥ 1.8 t ha⁻¹ across sites, with intermediate fertilizer rates yielding superior performance. GM exceeding $450 ha⁻¹ and benefit–cost ratios over 2.0, demonstrating strong economic viability, Lime + N37.5P13 consistently outperformed other treatments, offering agronomic–economic balance and robust PI ranking across sensitivity models. Radar and contour plots identified optimal combinations and revealed trade-offs between efficiency and yield. These findings support lime as a foundational input rather than a supplemental one, and advocate for context-driven ISFM strategies aligned with smallholder realities. The PI framework offers a flexible and empirically grounded tool for sustainable intensification decisions in acid soil systems.
Anukwe, Grace Ifeoma PhD, Edith Chima Anzor PhD, Ihionu Marcellinus Chukwuka PhD
The longevity of Nigeria’s digital economy depends on effective governance, institutional efficiency, and continuous innovation. This study investigates how these factors interact to drive digital transformation and sustainable economic growth. Adopting a mixed-method approach, data were collected from policymakers, digital entrepreneurs, and regulatory agencies to identify critical challenges and opportunities. Quantitative analysis using regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to evaluate the effects of governance quality, institutional frameworks, and innovation on economic sustainability. Findings reveal that Nigeria’s legal framework for the digital economy recorded the highest mean score (4.75), indicating stakeholder confidence in existing policies, while government support for digital growth was comparatively low (3.67), pointing to weaknesses in policy execution. Bureaucratic inefficiencies (4.20) emerged as significant obstacles to progress, despite moderate approval of regulatory oversight (4.11) and government funding (4.05). Additionally, weak institutional collaboration and poor enforcement mechanisms were identified as major barriers to fair competition and consumer protection. The study recommends streamlining regulatory processes, expanding financial incentives for digital startups, strengthening public-private partnerships, and promoting digital literacy initiatives. By fostering a transparent, innovation-driven, and inclusive digital ecosystem, Nigeria can enhance global competitiveness and ensure long-term economic sustainability. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, industry leaders, and development stakeholders seeking to fortify Nigeria’s digital economy.
ADELEYE Grace Oluwatofunmi, AFOLABI Ademola Joshua, AWE Johnson Oludayo
Promoting environmental sustainability has become increasingly vital for responsible business operations, especially in areas where ecological challenges and regulatory enforcement are weak. In South-West Nigeria, small enterprises constitute a major segment of the private sector, yet their adoption of environmentally sustainable practices remains insufficient. This study examines how elements of corporate governance, namely leadership structure, accountability systems, and strategic oversight, influence the environmental sustainability initiatives of SMEs within the region. Employing a structured questionnaire and cross-sectional design, data were collected from 378 SME owners and analyzed using multiple regression techniques. The analysis reveals that leadership structure (β = 0.416, p < 0.01), accountability mechanisms (β = 0.263, p < 0.01), and strategic oversight (β = 0.215, p < 0.05) each have a statistically meaningful impact on environmental sustainability practices. These outcomes suggest that strengthening governance arrangements within SMEs can catalyze better environmental outcomes. Based on these insights, the study recommends enhancing internal governance systems, increasing stakeholder awareness, and implementing supportive policies that can help SMEs integrate sustainability into their core operations and long-term planning.
Dr. Dino A. Reyes, Dr. Flordaliza A. Ananayo
By evaluating how well these programs fit with local, national, and international regulations as well as university aims and sustainable development objectives, this study investigates the efficacy of CES implementation in state universities. Through the provision of information and technologies to address societal issues, CES programs are essential in bridging the gap between academic institutions and underserved populations. The study assesses CES implementation across many campuses and departments using a mixed-methods approach that includes both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Key elements such discipline-specific methods, community engagement, research integration, teamwork, sustainability, and volunteers are the focus of the investigation. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from CES coordinators, staff, students, and community stakeholders on several university campuses. The Kruskal-Wallis test and descriptive statistics were used to compare the efficacy of CES across campuses, and thematic analysis was used to find recurrent themes about implementation issues and strengths. According to the findings, CES initiatives are implemented to a moderate to high degree, with metropolitan campuses showing higher levels of engagement since they have more resources. However, issues like poor funding, little research integration, and sustainability problems were noted. In order to guarantee long-lasting community effect, the study suggests strengthening research-driven CES projects, encouraging closer cooperation with outside stakeholders, boosting CES coordinator training, and creating sustainable frameworks.
Dominic Edward B. De Vera, Geowera H. Revosana, Marivic L. Han-awon, LPT, PhD(c), Raymond M. Caduan, Rose Ann G. Maganding, Shella Mae T. Mayaga
The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the marketing mix in influencing customer purchase decision. This study fills the gap in understanding the relationship between the marketing mix and customer purchase decision in a local context. It aims to identify which components of the marketing mix yield the best results in client acquisition by evaluating the effectiveness of the product, price, place, and promotion components. It also provides practical insight into the marketing mix's role in customer purchase decision. Founded on McCarthy's Marketing Mix Theory and on the Howard Sheth model of consumer behavior, a non-proportional quota sampling method was used to select 150 respondents, data were collected via an adapted, validated questionnaire, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rho correlation. Results indicated that the local bakery effectively executed the 4Ps of the marketing mix. The study highlighted a significant relationship between the marketing mix and customer purchase decision. Notably, the 'place' element was identified as the most effective, likely because customers prefer proximity when purchasing bakery products. Interestingly, promotion was the least effective element; however, it did not negatively impact sales since customers actively seek discounted items. The study concludes that the bakery has substantial potential to increase customer purchase levels and profitability. This can be achieved by continuously introducing innovative, high-quality baked goods, competitive pricing, and implementing targeted promotional activities. These strategies are essential for strengthening customer relationships and boosting sales, ensuring sustained growth for the bakery in the competitive market.
Kehinde Sulaimon
To improve care coordination, streamline workflows, and reduce clinical errors, there has been a wide adoption of Electronic Medical Records [EMRs]. Despite these useful functions, questions still rise as to how impactful they are on operational efficiency. To that effect, this paper investigates the impact of implementing EMR on critical efficiency metrics which includes, but are not limited to staff productivity, patient wait times, documentation time, and medication error. Quantitative data from pre-implementation and post-implementation studies, and qualitative data from clinicians and administrators will be used. Although transitional inefficiencies have been noted in early implementation phases, significant progress has been found, as to enhanced data accessibility, documentation speed, and reduction in unnecessary testing. The outcome of the study sums up that EMR networks are known to offer long-lasting gains of efficiency, especially when joined with workforce training and workflow redesign and updating. The recommendations focus on implementation in phases, continuous improvement, and user-tailored designs, if benefits must be maximized and adoption burdens reduced.
Caroline Chepkirui, Gideon Yator, Jackson John Kitetu
Fumarolic condensates in volcanic terrains often serve as critical water sources for nearby communities but may contain toxic heavy metals mobilized through magmatic degassing and hydrothermal leaching. This study evaluated the potential human health risks associated with exposure to selected heavy metals (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg)) in fumarolic condensates from Mt. Suswa, Kenya. Condensate samples were collected from ten modified fumarolic vents actively used by local residents and analyzed using an Agilent 5110 ICP-OES for trace-metal quantification. The mean concentrations of As (3.86 ppb), Pb (1.43 ppb), and Cd (0.85 ppb) were all below World Health Organization (2022) and NEMA (2024) limits, while Hg remained undetected in all samples. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) and Heavy Metal Evaluation Index (HEI) indicated moderate contamination (mean HPI = 20.46 ± 12.75; HEI = 0.70 ± 0.28), with higher enrichment observed in inner-caldera fumaroles, reflecting stronger magmatic influence. Health-risk assessment following USEPA (2011) methodology showed that non-carcinogenic hazard quotients (HQ) for As and Cd were below unity for both adults and children, though relatively higher in children, indicating greater susceptibility to chronic exposure. The carcinogenic risk (CR) for As ranged from 9.98 × 10⁻⁵ (F2) to 1.00 × 10⁻⁴ (F4) for adults and 9.78 × 10⁻⁵ (F10) to 1.92 × 10⁻⁵ (F6) for children, with the former slightly exceeding the upper USEPA threshold (10⁻⁶–10⁻⁴), suggesting a low but notable lifetime cancer probability from prolonged exposure. Although overall contamination levels were low, localized enrichment and cumulative exposure may pose health risks to vulnerable populations. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring, community education, and sustainable mitigation strategies such as alternative safe-water supplies and affordable point-of-use treatment technologies in geothermal-affected regions.
Abba Oluchukwu, Ejimofor Chiamaka Frances, Ezeogo James Item, Nwakoby Nnamdi Enoch, Okafor Ngozi Chinasa
Bioremediation is one of the current approaches in environmental microbiology or environmental biotechnology that has been exercised for the reduction removal of hydrocarbon pollutants. Microorganisms, typically bacteria that have particular metabolic capacities, are essential for the biodegradation of hydrocarbon pollutants. This study was undertaken to assess ex situ degradative potentials of Bacillus species isolated from diesel-polluted site using spectrophotometric method. Soil sediments were collected from different points at diesel contaminated site located at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University power zone. The samples were analyzed for the presence of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria using a modified mineral basal medium. The bacterial isolates were characterized based on their cultural characteristics, microscopy, and biochemical characteristics. The hydrocarbon adaptation utilization potentials of the bacterial isolates were evaluated using spectrophotometric method. The biodegradative potentials of the bacterial isolates were evaluated using hydrocarbon supplemented modified mineral basal medium and spectrophotometer. The Gram positive bacteria isolated were Bacillus species. The optical diameter of the adapted bacterial isolates showed that the isolates adapted to the hydrocarbon medium while the biodegradative potentials of the isolates showed that the hydrocarbon was biodegraded as revealed in the weight loss, which increased with time. The study has shown that Bacillus species are good hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria, which can be optimized in bioremediation of hydrocarbon-polluted site.
Aruoture, Eniwo Efezino
This study investigates the impact of exchange rate volatility on the applicability of financial ratios of Nigerian listed companies. Under an unstable macroeconomic environment characterized by recurrent currency devaluations and exchange rate misalignments, financial ratios, which heretofore have been commonly used by investors, creditors, and analysts to analyze firm performance, may be skewed or deceptive. The study uses a conceptual framework drawn from existing literature, theoretical models, and market evidence that is available in Nigeria to explore the influence of movements in exchange rates on the consistency, comparability, and interpretability of financial measures such as return on assets (ROA), current ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and interest coverage ratio. Evidence suggests that during periods of high exchange rate volatility, firms with high foreign-denominated exposure or transactions report deflated or inflated figures in naira, which undermines the validity of their ratios. The distortions create challenges for users of financial statements relying on ratios to make decisions. Moreover, the effects are more pronounced in industries with significant import exposure, foreign borrowings, or export receipts, where differences in exchange distort profitability, leverage, and liquidity ratios. The study underscores the need for higher disclosure, inflation-adjusted reporting, and sophisticated ratio interpretation in the midst of distortions brought about by exchange. It underlines the role played by financial reporting standards, for instance, IAS 21 and IAS 29, in improving the reliability of ratios in foreign exchange-sensitive regimes. Its implications are far-reaching for emerging economies like Nigeria, where there remains exchange rate volatility. The article offers guidance to regulators, financial statement preparers, and users who wish to rely on financial ratios more in macroeconomic distress.
Chol-Min Rim, Guk-Jin Kim, Kum-Song Ri, Won-San Kim
The effectiveness of granulated urea fertilizer is well known and several granulation methods have been proposed and implemented recently. The rotary drum type granulator is based on the principle of spraying and coating urea melt in seed kernel, drying and cooling it by using a fluidized layer, and producing granulated urea fertilizer of the desired size by repeating this process. Rotary drum type granulators are widely used due to their safety of manufacture and operation, and high productivity and many studies on rotary drum type granulators have been reported. However, when establishing a new granulation process, many process parameters must be determined by difference in productivity and realizing method. The aim of this paper is to identify process parameters for future industrial applications by investigating the size distribution and strength of fertilizer particles in a laboratory-scale granulation process. First, the accuracy of the working principle was examined by determining if the fertilizer particles produced by the experimental device reached the desired size. And the effect of the temperature inside the granulator on the strength of the fertilizer particles and urea consumption was analyzed to determine the optimum temperature. And the effect of seed uniformity on the uniformity of granule fertilizer was analyzed and the time to product granule fertilizer was measured after device operation. Keywords: Slow-release fertilizer; Granulator; Fluidized Layer; Rotary drum.
Azizatul Munawwaroh, Dhani Kristiandri, Fatkur Rohman Kafrawi, Fitria Hidayati, Julianto, Muhammad Reza
The government's action to improve the quality of education is carried out by initiating an independent learning curriculum. The 21st century skills are skills related to critical thinking, creative thinking, innovation, problem solving, communicative and collaborative. These abilities can be trained and developed in teaching and learning activities at school. To train and develop these abilities, a big role is needed from educators. Educators should master four competencies which include professional, personality, pedagogical and social competencies. The framework that can facilitate the four competencies, especially pedagogical and professional competencies, is Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK). Mastery of TPACK is very important to be owned by educators and prospective educators, including pre-service teacher professional education students of the UNESA PGSD Study Program, who are prospective elementary school teachers. The aim to be achieved in this study is to describe the Technological, pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) abilities of pre-service teacher professional education students of PGSD Study Program in the Perspective of Mastery of 21st Century Skills. The urgency of this research is as a reference for developing a professional elementary school teacher candidate program. This research is descriptive which is exploratory in nature to explore the TPACK knowledge of pre-service teacher professional education students who are prospective elementary school teachers. Data collection techniques were carried out using test and FGD methods. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model. which includes data collection, data condensation, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Triangulation of data using triangulation of sources and techniques
Andrialis Abdul Rahman, Azlan Abas, Mohd Zahuri Bin Khairani
This systematic literature review explores the interaction of photography, childhood memories, and the arts, emphasising their significance in self-awareness, emotional healing, and personal development. Childhood memories, essential for the formation of identity and personality, can be re-evaluated through artistic practices, providing insights into prior experiences and promoting emotional healing. Photography, unlike conventional art forms, offers a distinctive combination of realism and abstraction, functioning as an effective medium for examining memory, identity, and trauma. This review integrates theoretical frameworks and research findings, highlighting the capacity of creative involvement to stimulate human inquiry and self-discovery. Prominent themes discerned in the literature are historical and cultural viewpoints on memory, the representation of invisible elements of childhood, the sensory and emotional aspects of memory recall, and the function of art in confronting childhood trauma. The work of artists like Frida Kahlo and Paul Klee illustrates the impact of formative events on artistic expression, providing deep emotional understanding. The review also identifies deficiencies in current research, specifically the insufficient examination of the incorporation of art and photography into therapy methodologies for trauma and memory. The article finishes by suggesting avenues for future research, emphasising the application of new media and sensory engagement to augment the therapeutic efficacy of photography and art in memory exploration.
Dr. Annaliza C. Tibayde
This quantitative study examines college students' awareness and responses to Violence Against Women (VAW) at a Philippine State University, involving 209 students from the Education, Hospitality Management, and Information Technology programs. Using a structured questionnaire and SPSS analysis, the study reveals high awareness of VAW, but significant differences across gender and academic disciplines. Male students showed greater awareness of VAW's effects, challenging gendered assumptions. The study found a strong positive correlation (r = .82**) between perceived campaign effectiveness and overall awareness, highlighting the pivotal role of institutional advocacy. Based on these findings, the study recommends adopting a Tiered Action Plan for VAW Education and Prevention, focusing on leveraging male awareness, addressing program-specific curricular gaps, and institutionalizing continuous education and advocacy. This plan aims to transform awareness into proactive institutional and individual actions, fostering a gender-sensitive academic environment.
Dewan Badhon, Md. Akhirul Islam, Md. Monirul Islam, Mst. Tamanna Akter, Saifuddin Khan
Purpose: This paper attempts to demonstrate the specific characteristics and factors that affect Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) underpricing in an emerging Capital Market, Bangladesh. Methodology: The study developed a conceptual framework and tested hypotheses using multiple linear regression analysis. It collected data from 132 IPO companies in Bangladesh from 2011 to 2024. Findings: The analysis indicates significant effects and a positive relationship between underpricing and the explanatory variables: Market Lot and oversubscription. However, Subscription period, Pre- IPO paid-up Capital, IPO size, and Offer Price have a negative relationship with the level of stock underpricing. Along with these factors, Premium, Earnings per share (EPS), Credit Rating, and Audit Quality do not significantly link to IPO but have a positive relationship with IPO Underpricing. Implications: The study has explored the existing scenario of IPOs in Bangladesh, which will help regulators undertake the proper course of action in developing the stock market in Bangladesh. It also significantly impacts satisfying the needs of investors, issuers, and other stakeholders. Originality: The study examined a larger sample and covered many sectors of IPO firms. The evidence relates to a new conceptual framework and an expanded model to identify and analyze the various elements contributing to the underpricing of IPOs in Bangladesh's capital market.
Nothando Tshuma, Unami Sibanda
Financial management is important for schools as it enables them to plan their finances, acquire and manage funds, allocate funds, increase efficiency and cut down on financial costs. However, there have been reports on rampant mismanagement of funds in public schools This study sought to investigate financial management in Public schools. A case study design was adopted with Pumula High, Amhlophe High and St Bernards High schools from Hyde park North cluster. Major challenges were found to be, financial illiteracy, staff shortages, economic challenges and misunderstandings between the SDC/A members and the schools Heads. The study concluded that management of finances in schools should not be much of a challenge if the authorities including the Government could work closely with the school and address problems that the schools face. The study recommended continuous financial management training and workshops for the Heads and SDC/A members. Staffing concerns should also be addressed. Further studies could look at the feasibility of thorough training of the school authorities on accounting programs such as accounting diplomas or accounting degrees.
Wisdom Nkoro CHIDI
In Nigeria, youth employment has remained a persistent challenge for successive governments. Despite numerous entrepreneurship and job creation programmes, the outcomes have been insufficient to reverse the trend, resulting in socio-economic issues such as high unemployment, underemployment, insecurity, and poverty. Data from the World Bank and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) indicate that youth unemployment fluctuated between 6.3% and 33% from 2010 to 2020, as millions of young people in their twenties entered the labour market annually with limited employment opportunities. Although the decline in unemployment to 4.3% in 2024 appeared promising, it was met with skepticism because poverty levels remained high at 38.3%, underscoring persistent structural and socio-economic challenges. These socio-economic challenges have produced two distinct categories among Nigerian youths. The first comprises those who, due to unemployment and limited opportunities, resort to criminal activities and contribute to insecurity. The second category includes youths who, driven by necessity, engage in small-scale entrepreneurial activities in line with the Necessity-Based Theory of Entrepreneurship. While these ventures may serve as survival strategies and avenues for poverty reduction, many of these young entrepreneurs lack the requisite skills to establish and sustain viable businesses. This study, therefore, seeks to promote entrepreneurial education with an effective curriculum that strategically equips youths with competencies in innovation, business planning, risk management, and financial literacy, thereby enhancing their capacity for sustainable enterprise creation. This research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative strategy to critically review existing literature and theoretical concepts of the study; and quantitative strategies to analyze historical statistical data from the World Bank and NBS. A pilot study was conducted using structured questionnaires distributed to a purposive sample of 90 alumni members of a secondary school, with a focus on identifying those who are self-employed. From this group, 18 valid responses were received. The data from this pilot study are analyzed descriptively to generate preliminary insights into the experiences, challenges, and entrepreneurial trajectories of young entrepreneurs. These findings complement the broader statistical and theoretical analysis by offering micro-level evidence. The theoretical foundations of this study are grounded in four key perspectives. First, the Necessity-Based Theory of Entrepreneurship explains how limited employment opportunities compel individuals to establish small ventures as a survival strategy. Second, the Psychological Theory of Entrepreneurship emphasizes the role of individual traits—such as self-reliance, risk-taking, and autonomy—that influence entrepreneurial intentions and the pursuit of self-employment. Third, the Human Capital Theory which emphasizes education and skills. Fourth, Institutional Theory which are government interventions to support entrepreneurship. Together, these frameworks provide a lens through which the interplay between structural constraints and individual agency in youth entrepreneurship can be understood.
Mohd Sirajuddin Siswadi Putera Mohamed Shith, Muhammad Syahrul Deen Bin Ahmad Rosli
The study examines the influence of e-commerce adoption on the growth and market competitiveness of Halal Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It investigates the relationships between e-commerce adoption and perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived trust and security, and perceived competitive advantage. Data from 311 Halal SME owners and managers were analyzed using statistical techniques. The findings indicate that perceived usefulness positively influences e-commerce adoption, while the relationship between perceived ease of use and adoption is insignificant. Perceived trust and security are crucial factors driving e-commerce adoption, as Halal SMEs exhibit confidence in online transactions and relationships with e-commerce providers. The study highlights the significant impact of perceived competitive advantage on e-commerce adoption. However, e-commerce adoption does not directly mediate the relationship between these factors and business competitiveness. Future research should explore additional factors, such as the competitiveness of digital marketing strategies, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics between e-commerce adoption and Halal SME competitiveness.
Amita Joshi, Sambit Kumar Padhi
This research investigates how considering demographic factors that may moderate the connection between Scientific Curiosity and Scientific Creativity among secondary school students. Factors such as gender, grade level, type of school, family structure, parental education and occupation influence Scientific Curiosity and Scientific Creativity independently and may affect the strength of their relationships. The aim is to analyze these relationships among 8th and 9th graders using structural regression analysis, with data collected from 200 students in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India, who were surveyed using standardized scales for scientific curiosity (Xavier 2010) and scientific creativity (W. Hu & Adey, 2002a) Moderation analysis reveals that demographic variables significantly moderate the relationship between scientific creativity and scientific curiosity, indicating that students are better at turning curiosity into innovative scientific work. The findings emphasize the universal importance of fostering curiosity to enhance creativity in science education, irrespective of demographic factors. This underscores the need for the paper to discuss implications for curriculum design and teaching practices, along with suggestions for future research.
Tomo Djudin
This descriptive-survey research aims to explore the scientific communication skills of students at Public Islamic Senior High School (MAN) 1 Pontianak on direct current electricity. A sample of 106 students was drawn using a simple random technique. Data were collected using a written essay-achievement test consisting of 16 questions with a duration of 120 minutes. The scientific communication skills studied consist of; (1) create tables/graphs, (2) describe tables/graphs, (3) interpret tables/graphs, and (4) draw conclusions from tables/graphs of direct current electricity material. Based on data analysis, it was found that the scientific communication skills of students at MAN 1 Pontianak in Electric Current were in the medium category and there were different in terms of its aspects. Scientific communication skills are also influenced by students' mastery of teaching materials. These findings can be taken into consideration for improving learning practices in schools.
Tomo Djudin
This descriptive-survey research aims to explore the scientific communication skills of students at Public Islamic Senior High School (MAN) 1 Pontianak on direct current electricity. A sample of 106 students was drawn using a simple random technique. Data were collected using a written essay-achievement test consisting of 16 questions with a duration of 120 minutes. The scientific communication skills studied consist of; (1) create tables/graphs, (2) describe tables/graphs, (3) interpret tables/graphs, and (4) draw conclusions from tables/graphs of direct current electricity material. Based on data analysis, it was found that the scientific communication skills of students at MAN 1 Pontianak in Electric Current were in the medium category and there were different in terms of its aspects. Scientific communication skills are also influenced by students' mastery of teaching materials. These findings can be taken into consideration for improving learning practices in schools.
Chol Yong O, Man Hyok Song, Song Lyu
ABSTRACT Background Lineaments can be expressed as linear features which are notably brighter or darker than background (anomaly-type) and suddenly changed in brightness (edge-type) in the remote sensing (RS) and digital elevation model (DEM) images. A new method is proposed to extract both types of lineaments from RS and DEM images based on directional continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The method consists of three steps: (i) determination of omni-directional CWT coefficient concerned with image gradient magnitude and omni-direction image reflecting image gradient direction using multi-directional CWT coefficients, (ii) extraction of image features such as extrema and edges using CWT modulus maxima line and (iii) detection of lineaments through segmentation and linkage of image features and linearization of image feature segments. The omni-directional CWT and omni-direction image determined from multi-directional CWT coefficients are associated with image gradient to be applied to image feature extraction, segmentation and linkage. The positive and negative lineaments can also be detected by the method. The proposed method is tested using a simple example image and compared with the Hough transform (HT) method and applied to real RS and DEM images to extract both types of lineaments, which are compared with real geological structures including faults. The results show the proposed method is superior to the HT method and effective in detection of lineaments reflecting geological structures which are roughly rectilinear and expressed at multiple scales and directions.
Abidakun Olusiji Damilola, Omoregie Linda Osarhiomore
This paper focuses on the factors hindering the implementation of communicative language teaching method in English language classroom in Nigeria. Descriptive research method was adopted for the study. An online questionnaire was used to elicit responses form 480 Nigerian English Language teachers. Purposive random sampling was used to choose all the English Language teachers in secondary schools Nigeria. The questionnaire consisted of three sections in line with research questions raised. The results were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the prominent factors hindering the implementation of communicative language teaching method in English language classroom in Nigeria are student-related, teacherrelated and institutional-related. The paper concludes that there is a great need for intensive effort from all stakeholders for effective implementation of communicative language teaching method which ranges from developing the learner’s motivation, giving more attention to communicative skills to prioritizing teacher’s proficiency, reducing their workloads, developing effective assessment instrument to evaluate the learners to developing policy on class size and time for teaching, providing adequate materials for communicative activities, organizing effective training on CLT teaching methods, among other things since the goal teaching is communicative competence.
Preya Darsine S, Senthil Kumar N, Sowmi Shruthiksha K
Existing workflows have been altered by the rapid adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across businesses, yet there is a notable lack of industry-specific AI solutions in the finance and investment banking areas. Although Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown promise in technology, handling risks, and data analytics, most current systems are based on generalist technologies that are unable to handle the particular intricacies of the financial industry. Specialized AI models designed for the industry are required to address issues including client-specific requirements, complex market behaviours, and regulatory compliance. This examines the effects of the lack of custom AI solutions, emphasizing errors, underutilized data, and lost opportunities for creativity. By looking at the drawbacks of flexible AI tools, we highlight how crucial it is to create focused AI applications in order to fully realize automation's potential, improve decision-making, and keep an edge over competitors in the quickly changing financial sector. In a rapidly AI-driven environment, closing this gap is essential for improving client outcomes, increasing operational efficiency, and assuring conformity to regulations.
Hairul Suhaimi Nahar, Maslinawati Mohamad, Salwa Zolkaflil
Purpose – This study analyses the frontier of financial technology (FinTech) research repertoire by identifying essential features to direct future research in the sector. This research used bibliometric and citation analysis. Scopus yielded 1,011 data points linked to the article titled FinTech. Numerous programmes were used, including Microsoft Excel to perform the frequency study, VOSviewer to visualise the data, and Harzing's Publish or Perish to calculate and analyse citation metrics. The analysis results suggest that FinTech is a cross-disciplinary research area where past literature concentrated mainly on business-related and environmental science domains. The growing number of publications on FinTech demonstrates that the critical nature of technology has affected the financial services sector, and there are undoubtedly some ramifications for the economy. The data sources selected are from the Scopus database only. This study is the first bibliometric examination of FinTech utilising a 38-year-old publication database.
Ms. Syed Anjum
This article delves into the intricate relationship between cuisine and cultural preservation in Kashmiri literature, with a particular focus on Shahnaz Bashir’s Scattered Souls (2017). Through evocative descriptions of cooking rituals, traditional dishes, and communal feasts, Bashir’s narratives showcase the Kashmiri kitchen as a site of memory, identity, and resilience. The article explores how culinary practices, such as the preparation of Wazwan or the careful recreation of everyday meals, serve as mnemonic devices that connect individuals to their ancestral heritage and familial bonds. By highlighting the sensorial richness of food—its taste, aroma, and texture—the narrative underscores how these elements trigger memories and sustain cultural continuity, especially in times of displacement or social change. Rather than relying on overt declarations of cultural identity, the literature uses the subtleties of domestic life to reveal the enduring power of food in shaping collective memory. This study argues that food in Kashmiri writings functions as a silent but potent symbol, fostering belonging and anchoring tradition within the evolving landscape of Kashmiri society. Ultimately, the article demonstrates that cuisine is not merely sustenance but a vital repository of meaning and identity in Kashmiri culture.
FRC PATH, Wangai Kiama
Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a significant public health challenge globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where they contribute to high rates of injury and death. Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for RTAs, impairing driving skills like judgment and reaction time. While much of the research has focused on drivers, other vulnerable road users such as passengers, pedestrians, and cyclists remain underexplored. This study investigates the prevalence of alcohol in RTA fatalities across different road user categories in Nairobi, Kenya, using forensic postmortem toxicological analysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study analyzed 100 RTA fatalities from the City Mortuary in Nairobi between January and March 2007. Postmortem vitreous humour samples were tested for alcohol using standard forensic techniques. After excluding five cases with potential postmortem ethanol formation, 95 valid samples were analyzed. Victims were categorized into four road user groups: drivers, passengers, pedestrians, and cyclists. Alcohol presence and demographic factors were examined to assess prevalence patterns. Results: Among the 95 valid cases, 15 (15.8%) tested positive for alcohol. Males comprised 66.7% (n = 10) of alcohol-positive victims. A Chi-square test showed a significant gender difference in alcohol positivity (χ² = 4.45, p = 0.035), with males more likely to test positive. Passengers had the highest alcohol positivity rate (46.7%), followed by pedestrians and cyclists (20% each), and drivers (13.3%). ANOVA revealed a significant difference in alcohol prevalence across road user groups (F = 6.81, p = 0.001). Among intoxicated individuals, 57% of passengers and all alcohol-positive pedestrians showed severe intoxication. The highest blood alcohol concentration was 0.52 g% in a pedestrian. Logistic regression found that age was not a significant predictor (p = 0.267), but gender remained significant.
Luningning M. Mendoza, Mamerto C. Mendoza
This study aimed to determine the challenges encountered by the respondents in performing Forensic Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory Works at home particularly on the activities about Fingerprints, Drugs , Fire and hair and determine the coping strategies utilized by the students to overcome those challenges. This study utilized a survey research design and was conducted in Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro. The respondents of the study were the 67 Criminology students enrolled in Forensic Chemistry in 2021 who experienced conducting laboratory activities in the said subject at home. The common challenges encountered by the respondents among the four (4) laboratory works conducted at home were lack of materials or equipment available; difficulty of collecting samples; and limited lessons and discussion about the topic in the module. The usual strategy used by the respondents to cope with the common challenges encountered were approached relatives to get samples or materials required for the activity and utilized internet as resources to supplement limited lessons and discussion about the topic in the module.
Brian Bantugan, PhD, KC Pusing, Wang Fan
This study explores how the cultural and educational innovations of the music-infused Sisyphe Bookstore in Qingdao, China, can inform the reinvention of fashion shows in Manila, Philippines, as multisensorial cultural learning spaces. Drawing from social learning theory, behaviorism, humanistic education, and multiple intelligences, the research examines how integrating music, art, and participatory design transforms retail and fashion into platforms for cultural pedagogy and identity formation. Employing qualitative document analysis, the study compared case materials on Sisyphe Bookstore with recent (2020–2025) digital and print documentation of Manila’s fashion scene. Findings reveal that Sisyphe’s success in merging education, entertainment, and retail engagement through music offers a viable model for fashion events that move beyond visual spectacle toward interactive, immersive, and educational experiences. Key insights emphasize hybrid integration of sensory arts, participatory fashion learning, cultural storytelling, and community engagement. The study proposes a multisensorial framework for fashion events that enhance audience engagement, cultural literacy, and sustainability awareness while supporting a circular economy. Ultimately, it repositions fashion in Manila not merely as a creative industry but as a transformative cultural ecosystem linking artistry, education, and social cohesion.
Dr. Kapil Kesari, Ms. Agnihotri Shreya
This paper explores the intersection of Aṣṭāṅga Yoga, as codified in Patañjali’s Yoga Sūtra, and Bhakti Yoga, as developed in the Bhagavad-Gītā, Nārada Bhakti Sūtra, and Bhāgavata Purāṇa. Traditionally considered distinct—one emphasizing discipline and isolation (kaivalya), the other devotion and union (prema-bhakti)—these systems nonetheless converge at the practical level. Drawing on hermeneutical analysis and comparative theology, this study advances a Convergent-Pragmatic Thesis: that Aṣṭāṅga Yoga provides a disciplined framework for purifying mind and body, while Bhakti Yoga supplies a devotional orientation that sustains surrender and love. The bridging concept is īśvara-praṇidhāna (devotion to Īśvara) in Patañjali and śaraṇāgati (surrender) in Bhakti traditions, both of which function as transformative practices. By analyzing the eight limbs of yoga alongside the bhakti traditions, this paper demonstrates how yogic discipline can be “devotionalized,” and how devotional practice can be strengthened by yogic discipline. Historical reception shows that medieval commentators, modern reformers, and contemporary global yoga often integrate both. While ontological and soteriological divergences remain—kaivalya as isolation versus mokṣa as communion—the two paths emerge as complementary, offering both rigor and heart to the spiritual journey. This convergence has significant implications for comparative theology and for contemporary yoga pedagogy, where the need to reintegrate discipline with devotion is increasingly urgent.
Dr Baloy Bhattacharjee, Monalisa Khanikar
The current study looked at the ongoing discrepancy between policy and reality regarding the Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009's ban on corporal punishment in Indian schools. Despite the Act's formal prohibition on all types of physical and psychological abuse of children, there was evidence that corporal punishment persisted in some form, especially in government and rural institutions. Teachers, administrators, parents, and students in a few districts of Bihar participated in both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews as part of the study's mixed-methods approach. The results showed that although there was a fair amount of knowledge about the RTE Act, little was known about its ramifications or how it was consistently applied. The continued use of corporal punishment was facilitated by teachers' traditional views on discipline, a lack of proper training, lax institutional oversight, and societal acceptance of harsh methods. In order to guarantee the achievement of children's rights and the establishment of secure, welcoming learning environments that are in line with the goals of the RTE Act, the study emphasized the necessity of extensive teacher sensitization programs, more robust policy enforcement mechanisms, and community-level campaigning.
Dr. Sharada Prassanna Rout, Mr. Sagar Kumar Majhi
In this research paper we examine the endemic problem of political exclusion because of gender and marginalization of women in the democratic structure of India. Although Indian society entails constitutional equalization and universal right to vote, women remain exposed to systemic obstacles towards complete political participation. The paper discusses the complexity of women marginalization by looking at the historical, socio-cultural, economic and institutional aspects that render women uninclusive in political processes. It points out the irony of the democracy in India, wherein women have done remarkably well in the grassroots sphere with the Panchayati Raj system, but are grossly under-represented in the national and state Assembly. This research brings into focus patriarchal practices, party systems, election processes and socio-economic disparities that continue to enforce gender marginalization. This research paper by combining both feminist political theory and empirical evidence highlights how the political exclusion compromises the principles of equality, justice, and participatory democracy. It finds that the democratization of political spaces needs not only the legal changes in the form of reservation policies but also the cultural one that would break the gender prejudice that is gained over centuries. To enhance democracy legitimacy and substantive gender equality in the India political arena, women leadership and inclusive governance should be encouraged.
Maria Christina G. Gumba
Marine Protected Areas (MPA) were established in the Philippines to conserve coastal and marine ecosystems. In the Municipality of Sagñay, Philippines, the Atulayan Bay Fish Sanctuary and Marine Reserve (Atulayan MPA) was established three decades ago for such purpose. However, the expected socio-ecological impacts remained elusive based on biophysical and socioeconomic indicators. Community-Based Coastal Resource Management (CBCRM) was one approach used by the municipality to engage resource users and communities in MPA management. This study assessed the preferences of resource users toward the ecosystem services of the Atulayan MPA and the underlying value orientation that influenced these preferences. Specifically, it described the ecosystem services, examined the values of resource users, and analyzed the stated preferences of resource users toward the ecosystem services based on their value orientation from a gender-related perspective. Survey was conducted in the village of Atulayan with 50 respondents and in Nato with 250. Key informant interview was conducted with the fisheries technologist of the Municipal Agriculture Office (MAO). Findings revealed that both resource users and residents in the two villages espoused the values of conservation and self-transcendence, while most of them preferred the ecosystem services of fisheries, habitat, coastal protection, and research and education. This study recommends that the MAO strengthen engagement with resource users and communities in MPA management by using approaches that are aligned with their value orientation and stated preferences. This would increase the likelihood that MPA-related interventions may be supported and actively engaged in by the resource users.
Thushara Thoty
Gendering Caste: Through feminist a lens (2018) is a feminist critique of Indian caste system written by Uma Chakravarti, who is an Indian historian and teacher. She is known to the readers as the founding mother of Women’s Movement in India and a feminist scholar in the subcontinent. The article aims to deal with the feminist experiments of gendering caste and casting gender with reference to marginalised Dalits, against the backdrop of Brahminical hegemony, patriarchism and their practice of untouchability. While analysing the infamous social practices, it traces the genealogy and history of harassment and discrimination of Dalits in this brahmin-oriented society, where gender and caste are often linked together in everyday life – in order to target the helpless Dalits and vulnerable women. It also focuses on the feminist’s observations on Hindu social practices, which target gender discrimination in general and the practice of caste/untouchability in particular- in ancient, pre -during- post-colonial India. Understanding the deep-rooted caste and its mysterious divide between the high caste brahmins and the low caste Dalits, has been a recurring and nagging theme in Humanities as well as Social Sciences. It records how the caste system has taken a socio-cultural construction promoting brahmins to the heights of honour/celebrity by giving approval to their fallacious practices on the one hand and pushing Dalits into the depths of degradation by branding them as untouchables, especially focusing on how women are used, misused, abused and seduced in this evil caste system on the other hand.
Boma Aaron Philip, Bulus Simon, Ibrahim Enoch, Omorogieva Osriemen Evangelistal
This study examines the contamination of soils and groundwater around abandoned petrol stations in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, the study further evaluate associated environmental and health risks. Six sites were purposively selected, and samples were analyzed for pH, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and benzene using standard APHA and ASTM procedures. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were applied to quantify pollutant relationships. Results shows that, mean soil TPH (1575 ± 510 mg/kg) exceeded the DPR limit (100 mg/kg), indicating severe hydrocarbon pollution. Mean Pb (40.22 ± 11.7 mg/kg) and Ni (29.18 ± 9.3 mg/kg) were below regulatory limits but reflected anthropogenic influence. Groundwater TPH (0.048 ± 0.02 mg/L) and benzene (0.017 ± 0.009 mg/L) exceeded WHO limits (0.05 mg/L;0.01 mg/L). Significant correlations existed between TPH and Pb (r = 0.87) and between benzene and Ni (r = 0.76). Findings highlight hydrocarbon metal co-contamination and potential groundwater migration, necessitating remediation and continuous monitoring.
Bildad Awere, Daniel Mishael Masetu
This paper has discussed the role of the geospatial/real time data integration on the county level governance reforms in Africa with reference to Kenya devolved governments. The study was inspired due to the radical problems that have existed since time immemorial of lack of transparency, broken data systems, and ineffective institutional coordination that place a premium on evidence-based decision-making in decentralized governance. Although there is a rise in the use of GIS, IoT, and satellite technologies, limited empirical research has been conducted to assess how these technologies influence the results of the reform on the county level. The study, which was based on the Socio-Technical Systems (STS) Theory, assumed that the performance of governance is based on the interplay between technological infrastructure (technical subsystem) and institutional preparedness, leadership and human capacity (social subsystem). These aimed to: (1) assess the application of GIS, satellite, and IoT technologies in assessing county governance; (2) evaluate the influence of real-time data integration on transparency and accountability; and (3) assess the challenges and opportunities of institutionalizing the said tools within African counties. The research design used was a mixed-methods descriptive design, where 75 respondents were studied in Nairobi, Kiambu and Laikipia Counties. The SPSS was used to analyze quantitative data in terms of descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression, and thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. Findings revealed that geospatial adoption, institutional preparedness and human capacity caused a combined variance of 68.2 in governance performance (R2 = 0.682). The most important predictor of transparency and efficiency in service delivery was to be found in geospatial adoption (b = 0.412, p < .01).
Dr Gigi Elias, Dr. Haseena V.A.
Tribal communities are still facing multi variant issues even today. They possesses a distinct dialect and cultural traits. One of the most significant feature of the Tribal economy is that they have been restricted to low position on many occasions physically and socially and they lead a remote life instead of being engrossed in the social life due to many reasons away from mainstream population. On minute terms these variations are inbuilt and it is not visible. But when we count them together this may lead to a deprivation of their life from social, economic and educational and occupational aspect. Their land deprivations, lack of assets, acute debt, exploitation both mental and physical etc severely affect their livelihood. Ultimate result is all these leads them to alcoholism and drug usage, misuse of their women etc. government introduced many schemes and programs for the empowerment of tribals. People’s Plan Programmes, Gram Sabhas, OoruKootams, Ayalkootams, VanaSamrakshanaSamithies (VSS) and a plethora of social institutions under AHADS were all built up for inclusive participatory, just and sustainable development. Yet Attappady still retains its prime position in the media for environmental destruction, poverty, Tribal right violations of every conceivable kind and so on. In addition to poverty, starvation and every sort of exploitation, malnutrition of pregnant women, infant mortality, especially death of newborn babies swallows this once rich land. Perhaps the single-most important contributory factor to the child malnutrition deaths, and the cause for the overwhelming poverty of the Tribals, which fails to be addressed to date, is the alienation and loss of most of their fertile agriculturally suitable land, total destruction of their indigenous mixed cropping system, change in diet and lifestyle, and loss of hope. Attappady Comprehensive Tribal and Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (ACT and PVTG) Development Project got its sanction for work on 3rd September 2014. On 18th February 2014 the Empowered Committee of the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India approved the project. For duration of seven years these project got support from National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM). The project was formulated in the context of the incidents of child deaths reported from the block during 2012-14. With 58 malnutrition deaths reported over a short period, Attappady had gained nation-wide attention. It has been pointed out that land alienation and the loss of traditional food security systems had led to acute poverty and widespread malnutrition. Questions were raised on the effectiveness of the development projects implemented in the area over the last few decades.
Jonathan William Omolo
Systematic analysis of Safaricom PLC investigates the link between Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) inferred from practices like Green Training and Green Recruitment and the successful execution of its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives. The study found that Safaricom’s GHRM-aligned activities act as a strategic mediator and internal support structure. They leverage the Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity framework to cultivate a Green Organizational Culture. This ensures the workforce has the technical expertise and commitment required to deliver on abstract corporate commitments, resulting in tangible outcomes such as Organizational Citizenship Behavior towards the Environment .In essence, GHRM is crucial for transforming CSR from a policy-driven expenditure into a self-sustaining business model embedded in the company’s core operations. The analysis concludes that leveraging HR as a strategic driver is essential for long-term sustainability and competitive advantage in emerging markets. Future research should empirically quantify the causal links and measure the maturity of Safaricom's green culture.
Chidimma Odira Okeke, Chikaosolu Blessing Obiasor., Stanley Arinze Anah
This study investigates the influence of green organizational culture on pro eco-friendly practices in public universities in Anambra State, Nigeria, focusing on three key proxies: green leadership, green employee behaviour, and stakeholders’ engagement. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 369 respondents drawn from two major public universities using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using linear regression analysis. The findings reveal that green leadership has a strong positive and statistically significant influence on pro-eco-friendly practices (R² = 0.712, β = 0.902, t = 13.632, p = 0.000), indicating that sustainability-driven leadership explains 71.2% of the variation in eco-friendly practices. Similarly, green employee behaviour has a significant effect on pro-eco-friendly practices (R² = 0.452, β = 0.312, t = 7.256, p = 0.000), showing that employees’ active participation in eco-friendly initiatives accounts for 45.2% of the variance. Furthermore, stakeholders’ engagement also significantly influences pro eco-friendly practices (R² = 0.398, β = 0.279, t = 6.767, p = 0.000), suggesting that collaborative participation among staff, students, government, and communities contributes to sustainability adoption. The study concludes that green organizational culture plays a pivotal role in shaping pro-eco-friendly practices in public universities. Strengthening sustainability-oriented leadership, promoting employee-driven green behaviour, and fostering effective stakeholder collaboration are essential to improving environmental management. The findings have practical implications for policymakers, university administrators, and stakeholders committed to achieving sustainable development goals in higher education.
Masibayi Peter Situma, Obange Nelson, Odhiambo Scholastica Achieng
This study aimed to investigate the impact of renewable energy usage on Kenya’s manufacturing and industrial sectors. It emphasizes the sector’s transition toward green manufacturing and industrial growth. The study made use of annual time series data for the period 1985-2023. It employed the ARDL framework, guided by the AIC criterion and the ECM to capture both short-run and long-run dynamics amongst the variables. The ARDL findings revealed that the use of renewable energy has immediate positive impacts on manufacturing output and productivity. The lagged effects emerge over multiple periods, implying the gradual integration of renewable energies into the production processes. On the other hand, non-renewable energy consumption has delayed negative effects, thus highlighting the shortcomings that come with the usage of non-renewable energies. Labour has a strong positive influence on output, whereas gross capital formation shows a long-lag positive impact. This shows the extended gestation periods of capital-intensive projects. The ECM results confirm that deviations from long-run equilibrium are corrected at a moderately fast rate of about 52% annually. The F-bounds test found the existence of a long-run association between renewable energy consumption and manufacturing and industrial output. These results emphasize the importance of renewable energy uptake, efficient capital deployment and labour utilization in driving sustainable manufacturing and industrial growth in Kenya. This study provides policymakers and industry stakeholders with empirical guidance for aligning energy policy, investment and technological adoption with Kenya’s broader objectives for green industrialization. This will ensure countries not only grow economically, but also grow sustainably since renewable energies have the capability of taking care of both the current and future energy needs without fear of depletion, while also ensuring environmental sustainability. This study, therefore, highlights that renewable energy consumption significantly supports Kenya’s manufacturing sector growth and recommends aligning industrial energy policy interventions with green growth and sustainability frameworks such as Vision 2030 and SDG 9 by promoting clean energy adoption, energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy integration within industrial value chains so as to enhance competitiveness and low-carbon industrial transformation.
Huynh Vuong Thu Minh, Le Nhu Y, Nguyen Dinh Giang Nam, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Truong Thi Ngoc Chau
This review synthesizes recent evidence on groundwater security in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta under the twin pressures of climate change and sustained over-abstraction. Advancing prior work, we (i) integrate disparate findings into an extraction–subsidence–salinization systems frame and (ii) align post-2015 scientific evidence with the latest regulatory reforms to distill implementable pathways. Using a selective but transparent literature strategy focused on peer-reviewed studies (2015–2025) indexed in Scopus/Web of Science and authoritative governmental/international reports, we prioritized sources with explicit methods, georeferenced observations, and reported uncertainties; grey literature without methodological disclosure was screened out. The Delta’s multi-aquifer endowment is heavily stressed: recorded withdrawals from centralized wells are approximately 2.0 million m³ d⁻¹, groundwater heads decline by 0.3–0.5 m y⁻¹ across many localities, and land subsidence averages about 1.07 cm y⁻¹ with urban hotspots exceeding these values; earlier and deeper saltwater intrusion further jeopardizes domestic supply and agriculture. Water-quality risks—including widespread microbial contamination and geogenic arsenic above WHO guidelines—compound exposure. While recent legal instruments establish clearer mandates for restricted zones, licensing, and extraction charges, implementation is hindered by fragmented monitoring networks, limited metering of household wells, and transition costs for small users. We propose a four-pillar strategy: legally binding, risk-zoned extraction thresholds; phased substitution by interprovincial surface-water conveyance; managed aquifer recharge (e.g., riverbank filtration) in suitable formations; and digital metering coupled with economic instruments and integrated forecasting that co-simulates extraction, subsidence, and salinity. The review also identifies critical evidence gaps—household abstraction inventories, in-situ deformation–pumping linkages, and cost-effectiveness of recharge options—that should anchor near-term research. Collectively, these measures are necessary to arrest the subsidence–salinity feedback loop and restore groundwater resilience in the Mekong Delta.
Cordelia Ebenebe, Vincent Chukwumee Anopu
An eight (8) weeks study was conducted to investigate the effect of varying inclusion levels of mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) meal on the haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chicks. One-hundred-and twenty-Ross 308-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, with 30 birds per treatment, and three replicates having 10 birds per replicate. Mushroom meal was included at varying levels (0, 1, 1.5, 2%) in the formulated starter and finisher diets fed to the birds. The birds were fed a starter diet for the first 4 weeks and a finisher diet for the last 4 weeks, twice daily (8:00 am and 5:00 pm), with free access to water. Five hundred grams (500g) of each dried sample of Oyster mushroom and experimental diets were taken to the laboratory for the determination of their proximate composition. At the end of the experiment, ten (10mls) of blood was collected from three birds from each treatment groups at the end of the feeding trial via venipuncture of pinea vein using a syringe into EDTA and plain containers and taken to the biotechnology laboratory centre for determination of haematology and serum profile, respectively. The data collected were subjected to analysis using SAS 2023, and means were compared at a 5% probability level using Fisher's least Significant difference (FLSD). The crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ash, and metabolizable energy contents were found to be 24.70, 1.41, 8.00, 7.50 % and 2454.21kcal/kg respectively. The haemoglobin, lymphocytes, and mean corpuscular heamoglobin concentration were significantly (P< 0.05) influenced by the experimental diet, with the birds in T2 recording the highest haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (15.70 and 38.12g/dl, respectively). The levels of urea and creatinine was significantly (P<0.05) highest (14.26, 0.51 mg/dl, respectively) in birds fed 2% of mushroom meal. The cholesterol and calcium levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) as the inclusion level of mushroom increased, with the lowest levels (240.7, 1.16 mg/dl respectively) observed at the 2% inclusion level. The haematological profile of the experimental birds showed that the animals were in good physiological condition throughout the period of study. Mushroom meal can therefore be included in broiler diets at a 2% inclusion level for optimal performance.
Iybric Rice, Tariro Portia Tendengu
The article aims to examine the applicability of Agenda 2063 to socio-economic development in African countries, drawing both Afro-centric and Eurocentric perspectives. Given the pressing development challenges faced by many African countries, the applicability and feasibility of this ambitious framework has been the subject of extensive debate and analysis. This article seeks to unravel the applicability of Agenda 2063 in prioritizing development at mico , macro and messo level. The objectives are to examine the relevance of Agenda 2063 as a long-term strategic framework in achieving development and to examine the nexus between Agenda 2063 as a comprehensive plan of action and African countries neo-liberal economic policies. Besides this, The article seeks to analyse the efficacy of Agenda 2063 First Ten-year plan in African countries. Against the backdrop of financial constraints in African countries, the paper analysis a wide range of socio-economic goals attested by the Agenda 2063 aimed at transforming Africa into a prosperous, integrated and globally competitive region by the year 2063. The chapter aims to use systematic literature review research methodology as it enables pragmatic literature review. Findings from the study show that the Agenda 2063 applies to the development of African countries as it is aligned with the developing goals such as economic transformation and poverty reduction. The chapter contends that, the Agenda 2063 aims for sustainable development in education, health and economic growth. Conclusions from the study show that, many African countries face obstacles in implementing the agenda 2063 due to limited resources, governance issues, and lack of political will. The study concluded that the Agenda 2063 can be explained by social cooperation, indigenous control, poverty alleviation and egalitarianism. Findings on implementation challenges show that financing and governance are obstacles in the implementation of Agenda 2063. The study showed that, only 10 countries achieved 50% of the goals articulated in the Agenda 2063.The seven moonshoots from the Second Ten year plan of Agenda 2063 has been embedded in National Development Plans of African member states. Recommendations from the study advocates for sustainable policies that can be implemented to attain the Agenda 2063, African countries should adopt good governance so as to effectively apply the Agenda 2063.The study proposed the need for bilateral and multilateral development strategies that aims to address socio-economic challenges faced by African countries.
Annette d’Arqom, Yasmin Azzahra Arifin
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are increasingly prevalent metabolic liver disorders characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Despite their global burden, effective pharmacological treatments remain limited, which highlights the need for safe and multi-targeted natural alternatives. This literature review summarizes current evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and early clinical studies investigating the hepatoprotective and antihyperglycemic properties of Caulerpa spp., including C. lentillifera, C. racemosa, C. taxifolia, and C. prolifera. The review focuses on research published between 2015 and 2025 related to Caulerpa bioactivity, liver protection, glucose regulation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota modulation. Across the reviewed studies, Caulerpa-derived bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, carotenoids, peptides, and polyphenols consistently demonstrated hepatoprotective and metabolic benefits. Supplementation improved antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione, while reducing malondialdehyde levels, thereby protecting hepatocytes from oxidative damage that contributes to NAFLD progression. Several studies also reported downregulation of lipogenic genes such as SREBF1, FAS, and ACC, together with activation of SIRT1 and AMPK signalling pathways, which reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Extracts from C. taxifolia and C. prolifera exhibited strong alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition, improving glucose regulation. In addition, Caulerpa supplementation was shown to restore intestinal barrier integrity and modify gut microbiota composition, leading to lower endotoxin levels and reduced hepatic inflammation. The only available human clinical trial demonstrated a significant reduction in fasting glucose following C. racemosa supplementation, supporting its potential for clinical application. Overall, the evidence indicates that Caulerpa species exert multi-pathway hepatoprotective and antihyperglycemic effects. However, further studies are required to standardize extract preparation, determine optimal dosage, and assess long-term safety. Caulerpa spp. demonstrates promising preclinical potential. However, further translational research and rigorous clinical trials are warranted to validate these findings and determine its feasibility as a nutraceutical for NAFLD, NASH, and metabolic syndrome.
Dr. Neeru Nagar, Monika Narang, Mr. Gautam Ahlawat, Mr. Rajesh Kumar, Ms. Vibhuti Verma
In a life full of barriers, Person’s with Disability (PwD) face numerous challenges from the day of their birth until their death. Many significant obstructions restrict the growth and empowerment of a person with a disability and their participation in the labour market. The major challenges include lack of education, limited financial resources, poor infrastructure, lacking a skill development programme, and more often than not it is simply the prejudice and discrimination of the society at large that continues to deprive PwDs dignity in life. The “decent work for all” has been promoted through Sustainable Development Goal 8 for inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Work or employment is essential in everyone’s life, especially persons with disabilities (PwDs). It provides a sense of accomplishment as well as a source of income. It improves their quality of life, socially and economically, incorporates them into the mainstream, and ensures integrity and respect in the family and community. They are often isolated from ordinary life, only to remain stereotyped, vulnerable, and marginalised. PwDs are also primarily denied access to economic resources such as job opportunities, sustainable wages, and a chance for their 4% of seats reserved for the disabled in government jobs (Behera et al, 2022). India’s hospitality industry is labour intensive and employs millions, making it a potentially major driver for inclusive employment. About 21.9 million people in India are differently abled, with government estimates showing only around 36% of them are employed—this rate is even lower within hospitality. Nevertheless, the industry offers a wide range of roles, and some chains have created innovative workplaces that cater to the strengths of differently abled individuals, like Echoes Café and Mitti Café, which employ only such staff. The vulnerability of women with disabilities is based on the naturalistic interpretation which perceives them as physically and mentally weaker sections of the community. This notion overlooks the social, cultural, and political aspects that put women with disabilities in a subordinate position. They face multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination because of which they are side-lined from the mainstream approach and are caught up in a “catch-22” situation. It is ironic that feminists involved with the issue of difference are interconnected in their challenges to empower the powerless and determined to transform societal disparities but have not focused on the adversities related to disability and impairment for women with disabilities (Ghai.2021). All laws and reservation policies can be easily circumvented if there is a lack of intention and determination. This paper is based on literature review and direct interview with the senior Human Resources leadership team of Lemon Tree Hotels Limited (India). Mr. Rajesh Kumar (Co-author or this research paper, SVP HR of LTHL) and his team give the credit of their hiring success of PwDs to clear direction and simple process of their policy document along with sincere and determined implementation of this policy.
Dr Rajeev bhaiya Maurya, Dr. Sarita Maurya Bhure
Background: Homoeopathy and allopathy represent two fundamentally different therapeutic paradigms — one based on the principle of similia similibus curentur and ultra-dilute individualized remedies, and the other on pharmacologically active drugs. Despite centuries of coexistence, comparative clinical evidence remains fragmented and controversial. [1,2,3] Objective: To systematically review studies comparing the clinical effectiveness, safety, and patient outcomes of homoeopathic and allopathic treatments across various diseases in human subjects. [13,14,15] Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic databases — PubMed, Cochrane Library, AYUSH Research Portal, Scopus, and Google Scholar — were searched for studies published between January 2000 and March 2025. Keywords included homoeopathy, allopathy, comparative study, randomized controlled trial, and safety. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and systematic reviews directly comparing both modalities were included. Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2 and QUADAS-2 tools. [7,8,9] Results: A total of 36 studies (≈12,400 participants) met inclusion criteria. Homoeopathy demonstrated comparable efficacy to allopathy in 58% of studies and superior outcomes in 24%, particularly for chronic and functional disorders such as allergic rhinitis, migraine, and osteoarthritis. Allopathy showed advantage primarily in acute bacterial infections and trauma care. Adverse-event incidence was significantly lower with homoeopathy (3%) than with allopathic interventions (17%) (RR = 0.18; 95% CI 0.12–0.26). [4,5,6] Conclusion: Evidence suggests that individualized homoeopathic treatment yields non-inferior or modestly superior clinical outcomes compared with allopathy in several chronic conditions, accompanied by a better safety and tolerability profile. Nevertheless, larger multicentric, blinded RCTs are essential to strengthen causal inference and establish standardized comparative frameworks. [13,14,15]
Tafara Marazi
The article explores the socio-cultural significance of bees within the Shona culture of Zimbabwe. Through a comprehensive analysis that includes historical contexts, socio-economic implications, and cultural practices, the article highlights the multifaceted roles bees play in Shona society. Employing qualitative methodologies and drawing on relevant scholarly discourse, the article elucidates how bees are not only viewed as biological entities but also as symbolic carriers of cultural meanings. In the article, bees are reflected as intricately linked to traditional beliefs, agricultural practices, and social cohesion underscoring their importance in both contemporary and historical contexts. The article concludes with recommendations for integrating traditional ecological knowledge with modern conservation efforts to protect bee populations and enhance agricultural productivity. Understanding these socio-cultural dimensions foster appreciation of the broader discourse on indigenous knowledge systems and cultural representations in Zimbabwe.
Constable Etotaziba George, Oba Preye Inimiesi
With an emphasis on the recurring trends of abuse and the legal frameworks put in place to deal with such misconduct, this study examined the frequency of human rights abuses by the Nigerian Police Force. Despite having constitutional and statutory protections like the 1999 Constitution (as amended), the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (2015), and the Police Act (2020), as well as being a signatory to important international human rights instruments like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, widespread violations still plague law enforcement operations in Nigeria. Using documented reports from reliable organisations like Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), the study identifies and investigates frequent abuses, including extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detention, torture, unlawful arrests, and excessive use of force. It also looks at the structural causes of these abuses, including judicial incompetence, institutional weakness, corruption, militarised policing culture, and inadequate police welfare. Despite the existence of strong legislative restrictions, the study discovers that a lack of political will and a culture of impunity frequently compromise execution. Through the use of a qualitative methodology and secondary data analysis, the study emphasises how urgently training, accountability systems, law enforcement, and institutional control need to be changed. It concluded with important suggestions for advancing a police force that upholds human rights and fortifying Nigeria's legal and democratic systems. The report adds to the current conversation on protecting human rights and changing Nigerian policing.
Constable Etotaziba George, Oba Preye Inimiesi
With an emphasis on the recurring trends of abuse and the legal frameworks put in place to deal with such misconduct, this study examined the frequency of human rights abuses by the Nigerian Police Force. Despite having constitutional and statutory protections like the 1999 Constitution (as amended), the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (2015), and the Police Act (2020), as well as being a signatory to important international human rights instruments like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, widespread violations still plague law enforcement operations in Nigeria. Using documented reports from reliable organisations like Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), the study identifies and investigates frequent abuses, including extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detention, torture, unlawful arrests, and excessive use of force. It also looks at the structural causes of these abuses, including judicial incompetence, institutional weakness, corruption, militarised policing culture, and inadequate police welfare. Despite the existence of strong legislative restrictions, the study discovers that a lack of political will and a culture of impunity frequently compromise execution. Through the use of a qualitative methodology and secondary data analysis, the study emphasises how urgently training, accountability systems, law enforcement, and institutional control need to be changed. It concluded with important suggestions for advancing a police force that upholds human rights and fortifying Nigeria's legal and democratic systems. The report adds to the current conversation on protecting human rights and changing Nigerian policing.
Henry Kehinde FASUA, Olabisi Olamide OLAIYA, Olugbenga JINADU, Rebecca Morayo ADELANA, Silifat Olawumi OLADIMEJI
The growing demand for standardized International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and persistent deficiencies in financial disclosure has intensified concerns about corporate transparency. Despite extensive research in this area, divergent perspectives and conflicting interests continue to exist among scholars, corporate executives, academics, and the public. Consequently, there is increasing scholarly attention on the role of accounting standards in promoting transparency. While numerous studies in developed economies have examined the influence of IFRS on corporate transparency indicators, research in developing economies, particularly Nigeria, remains limited. This study investigates the impact of IFRS compliance on corporate transparency among listed Nigerian companies, considering firm age and type as additional determinants. Using annual reports and corporate websites for the period 2020–2024, the study employs panel regression techniques to assess the relationships between IFRS compliance and transparency. The findings indicate a significant positive association between IFRS compliance, firm age, firm type, and corporate transparency, suggesting that while IFRS adoption enhances transparency practices in Nigeria; organizational characteristics contribute to observed variations.
Kashmala Hussain
The relevance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has revolutionised basic teaching technologies turning into comprehensive solutions that promote collaborative learning and enhance student performance in various settings. This paper explores the history of AI technologies, focusing on the transition of rule-based systems to machine learning and deep learning methods that can be used to deliver the content in ways that are adaptive and analyse real time interactions. The introduction of AI to online learning platforms has changed how online learning platforms function by integrating collaborative tools like real-time communication platforms, shared workspaces, and project management platforms that facilitate fair participation and dynamic task distribution. Some of the main characteristics such as automated moderation, feedback premiums and adaptive content delivery all help in enhancement of teamwork skills, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. The design of virtual classrooms mediated by AI is based on the theoretical framework of social constructivism and peer-to-peer learning and focus on co-regulation and reciprocal knowledge construction. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation procedures demonstrate a positive effect on academic achievements, interaction, and motivation, whereas ethical issues care about data privacy, security, bias, and equity of AI algorithms. Such pedagogical approaches as blended learning and complete AI-oriented instructional design are discussed to be successfully integrated. The new technologies such as AI-enabled virtual and augmented reality and real-time translation provided using natural language processing present potentially good opportunities of global collaborative networks, independent of the geographical and linguistic boundaries. This critical review highlights the need to have interdisciplinary partnerships among educators, technologists, and policymakers to ensure that AI-supported learning experiences are equitable, inclusive, and effective.
Bhumana Srisaila, Vettam Ram Prasad
Impact of the Diksha App as an electronic resource in the English Language Teaching Learning AndhraPradesh. NEP-2020 Para 23.6 highlights the integration of technology-based education platforms, such as Diksha, throughout school and higher education institutions for the use of e-contents in teaching and learning processes, as well as the use of this platform for teachers' professional development. The NEP-2020 also stresses tech-savvy instructors. Diksha is a platform for training both teachers and students, as well as a valuable resource for the English language teaching and learning process. The researcher conducted a case study to determine how useful the Diksha app is as a teaching and learning tool.The questionnaire was implemented using a Google form, and the data acquired from English teachers across Andhra Pradesh was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. This practical study also identifies the various drawbacks and limits of the Diksha App as an English Language Teaching and Learning tool. The results and discussion demonstrate some favorable implications for different stakeholders on the utilization of Diksha App in the English language teaching learning process.
Pradip Kumar Das
This study investigates the impact of firm size on profitability for the top five IT BSE listed companies (TCS, Infosys, HCL Technologies, Wipro, Tech Mahindra) from 2020-2021 to 2024-2025. Although the time span is relatively short, it sufficiently captures considerable volatility arising from post-pandemic digital acceleration, macroeconomic uncertainty, and fluctuations in global technology spending—conditions under which size-profitability dynamics are most visible. Firm size is represented by natural logarithm of total assets and total sales, while profitability is measured using net profit ratio (NP), return on assets (ROA), and asset turnover. To ensure statistical robustness and comparability, all continuous variables have been logarithmically transformed to mitigate heteroscedasticity and normalize the data distribution, improving estimation efficiency. The study employs panel data techniques, including correlation analysis, pooled OLS, fixed effects (FE), random effects (RE), and dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM), to test the relationship between firm size and profitability. Results reveal a nuanced association: larger firms often benefit from economies of scale, but excessive size can hinder agility and operational efficiency. Firm size—particularly total assets—shows a dominant yet complex influence on profitability, whereas asset turnover exhibits weaker, sometimes insignificant effects. Dynamic-panel estimates further reveal that past profitability significantly influences present performance, emphasizing the importance of long-term strategic consistency and offer critical insights for managers and policymakers aiming to navigate growth and sustain profitability in India’s dynamic IT industry. Overall, the findings demonstrate that scale provides operational strength, yet size alone does not ensure higher profit margins across all firms in the industry.
W. C. Tang
This study analyses the impact of Hong Kong HR managers' competencies on reducing administrative staff turnover in Hong Kong's higher education. Excessive administrative staff turnover is a primary stumbling block to institutional stability, knowledge retention, and operational continuity. The mixed-methods approach is followed while conducting the study to assess some of the HR competencies, such as strategic positioning, credibility, and HR delivery. Quantitative data from surveys of university administrative staff and qualitative data from interviews with senior HR managers are combined to explore the relationship between perceived HR effectiveness and staff plans to leave. The results of the study indicate that HR managers’ strategic competence in creating a positive organizational culture, having effective talent management practices, and having fair remuneration is most highly linked with administrative staff retention. The study concludes that investing in the strategic development of HR professionals is not only an administrative function but also a key strategic imperative for universities striving to enhance organizational stability and performance in Hong Kong's competitive higher education market.
Abdisamad Mohamed Farah
One of the main three factors driving most of the challenges in Somalia are terrorist groups holding swathes of land in the most productive parts of the country, crippling local production, major supply routes and limiting the movement of people and goods and lagging economic growth which is impeding the provision of essential services to the public. Therefore, this paper investigates the relationship between terrorism, foreign direct investment and economic growth in Somalia from the time Al-Shabaab came into existence (2006) up to 2024 using Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL). The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests were carried out on all variables to ascertain their stationarity in which mixed order of integration was found. The ARDL result showed that terrorism negatively affects economic growth. This implies that when terrorism increase economic growth reduces. Thus, the study concluded that freeing Somalia from the cruelty of terrorism is not only the key to achieving sustainable peace in the country but also a necessity for building a modern state capable of providing much needed services to the public and eventual sustainable economic growth and prosperity.
Mamta Yadav
Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry is the major element of the Indian economy, particularly in the rural regions where a large concentration of population is counted. The research paper comments on the rural marketing process by the FMCG companies particularly focusing on the Prayagraj district in Uttar Pradesh. The study is quantitative in nature in which the researcher uses primary data that is distributed in 200 questionnaires, in the form of structured questioners, to the consumers in the rural area. The fundamental aspect is the assessment of the marketing strategies of pricing, promoting, distribution, and adaptation of products on the behaviour of consumers. The hypothesis on which the study is being tested is as follows: (a) relates to the existence of a significant difference between the rural marketing strategies and consumer buying behaviour in the Prayagraj district. To analyse, statistical tools ANOVA, Chi-square test, Regression analysis and Pearson Correlation have been used. The ANOVA test also indicated significant difference across groups of income respondents, meaning that income sensitive trends of marketing strategies indeed emerged in the results. The results demonstrated through the Chi-square test indicated that the relationship between the promotional schemes and the purchase decisions was strong. Regression analysis indicated that availability of products and their pricing are the main predictors of consumer preference whereas correlation analysis indicated that there exists high correlation between advertisement and brand recall indicating a positive relationship with high levels of correlation. The discoveries emphasise the role of localised marketing, community dimension, and value pricing to reach deeper in the rural market. The paper provides some practical advice to set FMCG firms on their strategies and fit with the rural demand and attract better market share in the districts such as Prayagraj.
Munmun Nesa Chowdhury
Chittagong is the center of Sufism in Bangladesh. Urs festival, originating in 1907 in Chittagong Maijbhandar Darbar, has ornamented into an all-embracing non-communal festival in Bangladesh over the passing of a century. The Urs festival is an integral element of Maijbhandari Sufism. On the birth and death days of Maijbhandari saints, Urs or feasts are celebrated in the shrine with many devotees participating spontaneously. The participants of this festival are not discriminated against by any religious boundaries although it is organized by Muslims. On the occasion when religion, society and culture unite, Urs has created its platform. Over the evolution of long-time tradition, Maijbhandari Urs has taken Chittagonean hospitality culture to another stage. Maijbhandar has set a standard for organizing Urs among the other Shrines of Chittagong. It has significantly influenced ameliorating social lifestyles and traditions. The article educates about how Islamic Sufism met with Maijbhandar Darbari Sufism and created a folk Islamic culture. The Maijbhandar Urs has been impactful in integrating peoples’ social and cultural life. This is a descriptive and methodical article about how a religious tradition turned into a massive folk culture called Maijbhandari Urs, its’ genesis, gradual development, organization and social influence.)
Daniel Mutemi Kiraithe
The purpose of this study was to analyze short-term trend following trading strategies to understand their impact on returns of securities trading at the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). It achieved the objectives by analyzing the impact of momentum and moving average strategies, as well as a combined alpha strategy, and then comparing their returns with the market returns and buy-and-hold returns. Recently, scholars have questioned the consistency of the efficient market hypothesis after the claims of superior returns emerged. Publications have shown both agreement and disagreement with the concept of delivering abnormal returns by traders and other participants. While the Efficient Market Hypothesis asserts no one can beat the market by utilizing technical or fundamental analysis, empirical results of technical traders have shown it is possible to deliver superior returns. In view of these conflicting claims, empirical research in a well-developed securities market like the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) was useful in assessing the returns of securities. A quantitative research methodology was adopted in this study, together with an experimental research design. Historical price and volume data from Yahoo Finance for the Dow Jones Industrial Average as the market index, and its constituent stocks as equity data were used. One stock was randomly picked from each strata (high vs low performing stocks), making a total of 2 stocks selected to be studied. Specifically, Cisco (CSCO) (high performing) and Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc (WBA) (low performing) data for a period of two years was studied. The beginning period was set 2 years from the date of the analysis (August 2023 to August 2025). The downloaded data was analyzed using Python 3.12.7 using Jupyter Notebook. From the empirical results, the momentum strategy can consistently deliver better returns than the market (CSCO 32.46% and WBA 49.95% vs the DJIA Market 12.32%). Moving averages did not deliver better returns than the market (CSCO 5.07% and WBA -1.10%, vs DJIA Market 12.32%). Combined strategy showed mixed results (CSCO 9.56%, 42.75% vs DJIA Market 12.32%). The Efficiency Market Hypothesis does not hold true for all the securities tested. The DJIA market exhibited a weak form of efficiency. Trend following strategies have been shown to have the power to assist the trader in entering and exiting trades at the right time and generate superior returns. Combining these two strategies gives the trader a chance to choose the best-performing one at that particular time. Using the right signals in short-term trading can be profitable both in the bullish and the bearish markets. The researcher recommended the use of active portfolio management strategies such as technical analysis to maximize returns for investors and create more wealth. Use of predictive computing techniques such as machine learning is highly recommended to consistently beat the market as trading data and methods become more complex.
Dr Evelyn Obianuju Egolum, Onuigwe Blessing Ukamaka
The study investigated Chemistry teachers’ extent of utilization of individualized instruction and challenges they face in using it in teaching and learning in secondary schools in Awka and Aguata Education Zones of Anambra State. The study was guided by four research questions. The design for the study was a descriptive survey design. The population for the study consisted of all the Chemistry teachers in the 110 public secondary schools in the two zones. The sample consisted of 80 Chemistry teachers selected by purposive sampling from 36 (20 schools from Awka education zone that has a total of 61 schools and 16 schools from Aguata education zone that has a total of 49 schools) secondary schools in the two education zones used for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a validated 31-items questionnaire constructed by the researchers. The reliability of the instrument was estimated using Cronbach Alpha technique and the reliability coefficient was 0.77. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed among others that different types of individualized instruction includes small group instruction, programmed instruction, self-directed learning and so on and the Chemistry teachers utilize individualized instruction to a moderate extent in their teaching. The challenges they encounter while using individualized instruction includes lack of knowledge, skills and competencies in using it, lack of enough time to plan and implement it among others. The researchers recommended that Chemistry teachers should go for training and re-training programmes to update their knowledge, skills and competencies in the use of individualized instruction and other innovative strategies in teaching and learning.
DR. M. Munnafar Hussaina, Miss. M. Saranya
AI, IoT, and machine learning are changing how things are made nowadays. Because of this, autonomous manufacturing and robotics are becoming more important. As companies move into Industry 4.0, these robots can help make factories more flexible, products better, and work more smoothly. Autonomous manufacturing uses AI to do jobs without people, so production can keep going without mistakes. This paper looks at how to add autonomous robots to factories. These robots can make decisions in real-time, change how they work, and do more jobs automatically, which makes production better. We'll also check out robots that can work with people (cobots) and how robots are used for things like packing, moving stuff, putting things together, and checking quality. Also, we'll explore why sensors, machine vision, and fixing problems before they happen are important. These things help robots work on their own, without much help from people. Even though autonomous manufacturing has a lot of good things, like less stopping, safer work, and cheaper costs, there are bad sides too. It can cost a lot to start, can be hard to add to old systems, can have computer security problems, and needs well-trained workers. The paper also takes a peek at what's coming next, like robots that work together in groups and AI that can make things better on its own.
Dr. T. Karthikeyan, S. Rathinavel
Faster lifestyle, long travel for employment, different time schedule of work, nature of life partners employability, changes in work culture all drives the Consumers to prefer ready to cook food category of products. Many Consumers prefer to eat instant and semi-cooked food products too. Food products like readily made Parotta and chappathi, Rava Dosa mix, Upma mix, Vada batter, Idly and Dosa batter, Instant Noodles along with readily available masala mix powders and paste assists the Consumers in preferring ready to cook and eat categories of products. Among these products comes the readymade idly and dosa batter, preferred by different age category and both Genders. This product helps people to save time, in preparing the batter and the time in preparing it. This article highlights the influence of Age and Income on select study variables like Product Perception, Brand Perception, Pricing, Convenience, Promotion and Packaging among the batter users in Chennai city. This survey was conducted at Chennai among the Batter Consumers with the total of 433 Respondents.
Adamu Elizabeth, Oguche ThankGod Emmanuel, Yusuf Ahmadu
This study investigated the influence of asymmetric warfare on maladaptive behaviours among secondary school students in North-central, Nigeria. The population of the study comprised 181,769 Senior Secondary School One (SSS I) students across seven states, from which a sample of 2,649 students from twelve selected schools was drawn. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and three instruments a checklist, a structured questionnaire titled Asymmetric Warfare and Maladaptive Behaviours Questionnaire (AWMB-Q), and the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) results were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages) and inferential statistics (t-test and multiple regression) at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that asymmetric warfare significantly predisposes students to maladaptive behaviours such as absenteeism, substance abuse, aggression, truancy, hostility towards authority, and imitation of violent behaviours, thereby undermining their academic performance and social adjustment. However, there was no significant difference between male and female students, nor between students in rural and urban areas, in their susceptibility to maladaptive behaviours resulting from insecurity. The study concluded that asymmetric warfare adversely impacts students’ psychosocial wellbeing and educational outcomes. It recommended that policymakers strengthen school-based guidance and counselling services, intensify security interventions, and design resilience-building programs for adolescents in conflict-prone areas.
Mbula Bernadine, Mutukaa Samuel, Sande Anne
While most studies focuses on patriarchy and male dominance as contributors to spousal abuse, the role of emerging factors, such as social media use among couples, remain neglected. This paper examines associations between Facebook use (hours spent daily, frequency of posting and reacting to content, and number of friends and followers) and spousal abuse (physical, psychological, and controlling behaviours) among married women in Kwale County, Kenya. Using a mixed-methods design with a survey (n = 263) and key informant interviews, the study tested relationships between hours spent on Facebook, frequency of activity, and size of online networks with measures of spousal abuse. Results show that greater time and activity on Facebook predict higher levels of threats and control, while larger friend/follower networks are associated with lower risk of abuse. The findings underscore the dual nature of social media use in marital relationships. Policy recommendations include digital literacy initiatives, tailored counselling, and legal reforms addressing technology-facilitated abuse.
Charles Adamson Magololo, Kadeyo Mutale Kuyela, Rockiner Simoonga
Family dynamics play a significant role in adolescent substance abuse. Various factors within the family environment can influence the likelihood of adolescents engaging in substance use. The study employed a mixed-methods research because the research questions could best be answered through a combination of quantitative and qualitative data focusing on the role of family dynamics and adolescent substance abuse. The study population for this study involved an estimated population of 100 youths aged between 18-35 years and parents of Mphwere Village. The first objective was to examine how lohmweh cultural norms influence family dynamics and adolescent substance abuse in Mphwere Village. The findings clearly demonstrate that Lohmweh cultural norms significantly shape family dynamics and adolescent substance use in Mphwere Village. Cultural practices influence decision-making, discipline, and attitudes toward alcohol, with fathers and grandparents holding dominant authority in households, reflecting patriarchal and extended family structures that guide how families operate. Disciplinary practices rooted in tradition ranging from corporal punishment to involvement of community elders show the role of cultural values in shaping parenting approaches. The second objective was to assess the effect of parental supervision on adolescent substance abuse within extended families in Mphwere Village. The study revealed that while 43% of adolescents believed it was very likely and 26% somewhat likely that their parents or guardians would notice any changes in behaviour related to alcohol or drug use, a notable minority (32%) felt it was unlikely or very unlikely that such behaviours would be detected. This suggests that limited or inconsistent parental supervision may increase adolescents’ vulnerability to peer pressure and substance use, whereas attentive and engaged parenting acts as a protective factor, discouraging experimentation with substances. The third objective was to investigate how parental education contribute to adolescent substance abuse in Mphwere Village. The finding that addresses the second objective assessing the effect of parental supervision on adolescent substance abuse within extended families in Mphwere Village relates to the reported patterns of parental monitoring and involvement. Specifically, respondents indicated varying levels of parental oversight, with some parents consistently supervising their children’s activities and school performance, while others provided minimal or irregular guidance. This variation in supervision suggests that adolescents with limited parental oversight may be more susceptible to experimenting with substances, whereas those experiencing regular monitoring and guidance are likely better protected against substance use. Based on findings of study, it was commendations that Mphwere Village should designing substance abuse prevention programs that respect Lohmweh cultural norms, engaging elders and community leaders to align interventions with local traditions and authority structures. The study also recommends Mphwere Village should encourage parents and guardians to consistently monitor adolescents’ activities and behaviours, providing guidance and support to reduce susceptibility to substance use
Eberendu, I. F., Nwoke, B. E. B, Okpara, P. O., Ozims, S. J, Uzum, D. S.
HIV/AIDS is a Global Health challenge it had become the primary cause of death in certain countries person with Hiv/Aids infections, although the prevalence and incidence rate varies from country to country the study was therefore design to investigate the role of socio-demographic factor sex and age on the infection rate of opportunistic disease among persons living with Hiv/Aids in the study area. The study investigated Art centres with the study area. A structure questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.70 was used for data collection. The findings of the study showed that socio-demographic factor sex and age have no significant relationship with the rate of infection of the disease among person living with HIV/Aids. But it continues re-orientation of the study group with enhance prevention especially with younger age group which are more prone to unhealthy healthy behavior. Hence it was recommended that health programme planners should consider orientation of the respondents against Opportunistic infections.
Dr. Manjunatha T. A
Female foeticide, the gender-selective abortion of female foetuses following illegal sex determination, remains one of India’s most pressing social and ethical challenges. Despite legal frameworks such as the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act (PCPNDT), 1994, and numerous government-led Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) initiatives, gender bias continues to influence reproductive decisions. This study investigates rural women’s IEC knowledge on female foeticide in Mandya District, Karnataka. A structured questionnaire was administered to 385 respondents to evaluate awareness levels, information sources, and attitudes toward gender preference. Findings reveal that only 17.6% were aware of the term “female foeticide,” while 67% lacked any knowledge of it. Neighbours (44.9%) were identified as the most common source of information, while health professionals accounted for only 4.1%. The study underscores significant gaps in IEC dissemination and highlights the need for localized, culturally sensitive, and participatory communication strategies to address gender discrimination at the grassroots level.
Bildad Awere, Daniel Mishael Masetu
This paper examined how innovative monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems can improve the project tracking and service delivery in Nairobi City County in Kenya. Regardless of the increasing interest in evidence-based governance, the county has been struggling with the problems of inadequate coordination, insufficient technical capacity, and poor citizen engagement. The Results-Based Management (RBM) theory guided the study and conceptualizes monitoring and evaluation as key feedback loops of accountability and learning. The research was anchored on three objectives, which included to determine the impact of novel M&E tools in project tracking; to investigate the contextualization of global best practices in the governance systems of the city of Nairobi; and to assess the role that knowledge management and citizen participation play in the accountability and service delivery. A review of recent studies (2022-2025) from across Africa, Europe and Kenya included an assessment of both advances and deficiencies in the uptake of dashboards, geospatial tools, participatory frameworks and indicator alignment with the sustainable development goals. The research methodology was mixed, including surveys, interviews, focus groups and document analysis. A purposive sample of 50 respondents which included 20 county officials, 15 project implementers and 15 community representatives was chosen. Descriptive statistics, correlations and regression models were used to analyze quantitative data whereas thematic analysis was carried out on the qualitative data. Results indicated that dashboards and GIS had a significant effect on timeliness and accountability, which accounted 65.9% of the service delivery results variance. Citizen participation and knowledge management structures were good but were not systematically institutionalized. Interest insights revealed that the experience of Nairobi was similar to those of other African cities, where the global structures are partially embraced but limited by a lack of resources and technical issues. This paper finds that Nairobi ought to institutionalize the hybrid M&E frameworks of digital innovations and participatory mechanisms. Such policies like the adoption of RBM-based frameworks on a county-wide basis, the investment in digital capacity, and the implementation of structured citizen feedback platforms are suggested as the policy recommendations. Practically, the county should focus on training, inter-departmental coordination, and the digitization of citizen engagement to help improve accountability and sustainable service delivery.
Bo Liu, Qiteng Zhang
Business psychology employ scientific principles to understand and explain human behavior within organizational contexts. Its concepts, including motivation, trust-building, emotional and cognitive persuasion, have wide-ranging applications in public service communication, particularly in rapidly modernizing environments such as Beijing, China. This study qualitatively examined how communication practitioners in Beijing conceptualize and apply business psychology tenets to design, implement, and evaluate public service campaigns to influence engagement and effective messages. Semi- structured interviews (N=10) and document analyses were used to gather data. Findings suggest that practitioners increasingly deploy emotional appeal, cultural sensitivity, trust-building, and social identity to promote public participation, highlighting themes of Community and Collaboration, Objectivity and Trust, Narrative and Emotional Appeal, Norms and Cultural Sensitivity, Effective Persuasion Strategies, Clarity and Accessibility, and Technology and Innovation (acronym "CONNECT"). Each theme underscores the nuanced interplay between psychological insights and cultural considerations in fostering sustained civic engagement. The paper concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers, public service organizations, and community leaders seeking to refine their communication programs in line with business psychology best practices.
Jazel Q. Racoma, Moh’d Yusoph M. Kusain Jr., Samantha Desiree N. Delima, Vanessa Joy B. Felizardo
Medication compliance is a top-of-mind factor for effective diabetes care, particularly in elderly groups that typically suffer from cognitive, social, and technological barriers. This research sought to establish the impact of incorporating QR Code with Voice Content (QVoC) technology on medication compliance among geriatric diabetic patients in Barangay Morales, Koronadal City. Using a quasi-experimental design, the researchers recruited 20 older diabetic patients through purposive sampling. The intervention was a QVoC device that provided audio cues linked to QR codes for targeted drugs, which were designed to address forgetfulness and complexity in medication regimens. Medication adherence data were collected using a validated questionnaire derived from the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) pre- and post-intervention. The adherence mean score increased from 2.95 (SD = 0.18) before intervention to 3.70 (SD = 0.09) after intervention. Participants reported better comprehension, increased regularity in drug taking, and reduced omitted doses errors. The conclusion drawn by the study was that QVoC is helpful, easy, and very effective technology-based treatment for improving medication adherence among elderly diabetic patients. Future research can explore the long-term outcomes and scalability of such interventions across different populations.
Enigbokan, Richard Olufemi, Ph.D., FCA
This study bridges the critical divide between transportation engineering and business administration by introducing the Strategic Transportation Optimisation Model (STOM)—a novel framework that dynamically aligns road network operations with strategic business objectives. Moving beyond siloed optimisation of traffic flows, signaling patterns, and journey times, STOM integrates customer satisfaction, logistics costs, and business profitability directly into the mathematical core of route planning. Using a digital twin of 1.8 million deliveries across North American and European freight networks, we demonstrate that STOM—powered by a regression-based feedback loop—adapts multi-objective vehicle routing in real time based on corporate strategy (Cost Leadership, Service Differentiation, Sustainability Commitment). The model simultaneously reduces total business costs by 9.1%, improves on-time in-full delivery (OTIF) by 9.9 percentage points, enhances customer lifetime value retention by 19.1%, and lowers average journey time by 16%, whilst increasing environmental performance (Green Impact Index, GII) by 25.5%. Unlike static models that treat traffic signals, road network constraints, or travel time as technical limits, STOM treats them as strategic levers influenced by customer satisfaction and operational cost trade-offs. Results confirm that when logistics decisions are engineered to reflect not just efficiency but economic and experiential outcomes, sub-optimisation is replaced by synergistic performance. STOM transforms the transport network from a passive infrastructure into an adaptive, value-generating system where traffic flows, journey times, and business costs are co-optimised for strategic alignment. The study demonstrates the viability of strategic-logistics integration, with implications moderated by organizational digital maturity.
Dr. B. Subhashini
Girish Karnad was a renowned Indian dramatist, actor, and filmmaker. He was one of the most appreciated dramatists of the modern era and contributed remarkably to Indian theatre. By combining traditional Indian narrative with cultural sensibilities, Karnad's plays have examined intricate subjects like myth, history, and troubled identities. Throughout his career, Girish Karnad transcribed several widely recognized plays. His plays demonstrate his extraordinary narrative skills and ability to address various subjects, from history and mythology to social concerns and personal identities. In addition to freshly presenting myths, Karnad's plays often address social issues, exhibiting his in-depth knowledge of human psychology and skill at observing social behaviour.
Racha Ramhamdani
Lighting design is essential in shaping sustainable interior environments by impacting energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and overall building performance. Traditional methods of lighting design often face challenges in coordination, performance assessment, and integration with other building systems. Building Information Modeling (BIM), with its ability to provide a detailed digital representation and facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration, offers a transformative platform for integrating lighting design into the broader framework of sustainable building. This paper examines the potential of BIM-enabled lighting design, highlighting how it enhances energy performance, facilitates regulatory compliance, and supports sustainable decision-making throughout the building's lifecycle. The research covers methodologies, challenges, and opportunities for integrating lighting design with BIM to achieve sustainable interiors.
Bala Balaguru, Behrooz Khajehee, Danesh Khazaei, Hadi Khazaei, John Ng, Kaneez Abbas
The integration of tear fluid biomarkers and machine learning holds great promise for early detection and prognostication of orbital inflammatory disorders (OID) such as Graves’ orbitopathy and nonspecific orbital inflammation.. A hybrid diagnostic framework that combines proteomic analysis of tear fluid with AI-driven imaging enables improved sensitivity and specificity in identifying, staging, and predicting the progression of OID. This method utilizes non-invasive tear sampling to identify disease-specific molecular signatures and employs machine learning to differentiate inflammatory and non-inflammatory states using imaging data, bringing precision medicine to the forefront of orbital disease management. Introduction Orbital inflammatory disorders are characterized by a heterogeneous clinical course and lack sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and risk stratification. Traditional diagnostic approaches rely on subjective clinical grading and imaging, often failing to distinguish active inflammation from chronic, fibrotic stages. Tear fluid biomarkers, identifiable through proteomic analysis, offer molecular specificity, while artificial intelligence (AI) can augment imaging interpretation for objective assessments. Methods Tear Proteomics Tear samples are collected from OID patients and analyzed using mass spectrometry and multi-omic techniques to identify proteins associated with inflammatory activity—such as extracellular matrix components, immune mediators, and metabolic markers. Validation follows a phased approach, progressing from pilot cohorts to multicenter studies for reproducibility. Machine Learning Algorithms AI models, including support vector machines, deep learning, and AutoML, are trained on imaging datasets (such as ultrasound) to differentiate OID, predict disease activity, and stage inflammatory changes. Performance metrics include precision-recall curves, ROC analysis, and confusion matrices. Integration Tear biomarker signatures are incorporated as features in machine learning models alongside imaging-based features to generate composite risk scores and staging predictions. The workflow is validated against conventional modalities. Results • Biomarker panels from tear fluid can discriminate OID from non-inflammatory orbitopathies and predict disease activity. • AI imaging models trained on curated datasets achieve high precision and recall (PR AUC ≈ 0.98), reliably distinguishing inflammatory from non-inflammatory cases. • The integrated workflow outperforms standalone modalities, providing improved sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic accuracy. Discussion Significance This integrated approach enables earlier and more accurate diagnosis, personalized risk prediction, and precise selection for targeted therapies. Tear sampling is a safe and repeatable procedure; AI-enhanced imaging reduces operator dependency and subjectivity in interpretation. The framework supports advanced response monitoring and is extensible to other autoimmune and orbital inflammatory conditions. Clinical Impact and Limitations Early intervention and tailored management improve outcomes in OID. Limitations include the need for large-scale biomarker validation, potential operator variability in imaging, resource constraints for omics and AI implementation, and the dynamic expression of disease biomarkers requiring longitudinal analysis. Ethics and Future Directions IRB approval, patient consent, and strict privacy protocols are mandatory. Ongoing development will focus on external validation, standardized protocols, real-world data integration, platform scaling, and streamlining biomarker panels for broader application. Conclusion Integrating tear fluid biomarkers with machine learning-powered imaging represents an innovative solution for early detection and precision management of orbital inflammatory disorders, addressing unmet clinical needs and advancing the field of ophthalmic diagnostics.
Kitaeva Iuliia
This article examines intelligent data analytics methods applied in adaptive inventory planning under dynamic market conditions. The possibilities of integrating demand forecasting with replenishment optimization models aimed at improving the efficiency of supply chain management are analyzed. The role of machine learning methods – including stochastic modeling, evolutionary algorithms, and reinforcement learning – in shaping adaptive procurement and resource allocation strategies is examined. Particular attention is paid to minimizing total costs while maintaining the required service level and increasing the resilience of logistics systems under uncertainty.
Anolaba Cordelia Ifeyinwa, Didam Jonathan Glory, Ugwu Perpetua Nkemdilim
The leaves and seeds of Piper guineense (Uziza) are widely used in homes to impact taste, aroma and flavor to food. In folk medicine, the Piper guineense seeds and leaves are used as Post- partum recovery after delivery. It is used in the enhancement of fertility in males and treatment of diabetes. Piper guineense is a wild shrub that has been adopted in homes and cultivated along the boundary fences. Therefore this study was aimed to determine the efficacy of crude methanol extract of Piper guineense seeds and leaves against pathogenic bacteria and fungi.The biotic components were estimated and its toxicity was determined using experimental albino rats. The seeds and leaves of Piper guineense was purchased from the open market and dried in the dark, grounded and stored in container till used. The ground powders were extracted using methanol via soxhlets apparatus. The extracts were used to estimate the phytochemical components, mineral and proximate properties. The bioactive compounds were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatograph- Gas spectrometry (GC- GM). The susceptibility patterns of the crude methanol extract were determined using agar diffusion technique for bacterial pathogens while macro-broth techniques were used to estimate the fungal pathogens. The toxic effect of crude methanol extract was investigated using 30-albino rats. The rats were group into five containing six (6) rats per group . Group A and B were administered with 500mg/ml body weight and 200mg/ml body weight of crude methanol seed extract while Group C and D were administered 1500mg/ml and 1000mg/ml per body weight of crude methanol extract of piper guineense leaves extract and group E were administered with normal saline and serve as net control. The experiment lasted for thirty (30) days. The haematological indices, Liver function test, Electrolytes and Urea were estimated while the visceral organs were harvested, fixed in 10 % formal saline and processed histologically using Haematoxylin & Eosin stain . The phytochemical components of Piper guineense seeds and leaves showed presence of soluble carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins and saponins while proximate analysis indicated the high presence of carbohydrate and proteins in both seeds and leaves. Mineral composition includes sodium, calcium and phosphorus. Bioactive analysis of (uziza) leaves showed bioactive compounds; Resveratol, flavonones and malvidine while that of seeds included Ellagic acid, Resveratol and Quinine . The antibacterial activity of crude methanol extract of Piper guineense seeds and leaves both showed activity against Staphylocous aureus , proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli while antifungal activity of these crude methanol extract inhibited the growth of Aspergillud flavus, Mucor fragilis and Penicillum notatum. The crude methanol fractions of the seeds were more potent in inhibiting both bacterial and fungal isolates. The crude methanol extracts had no effects on the hematological indices , liver function test and Aspartate Transaminase (AST) value in both seeds and leaves while the electrolyte (Na+, Ca2 + and Cl-) showed increased values as compared to normal .Histological staining indicated that crude methanol extract of Piper guineense seeds affected the colon, Jejenum, liver and kidney with mild increase in inflammatory cells , liver necrosis while that of leaves, caused damage to colon , Jejunum inducing disruption and erosion of lining of crypts of liberkuhn. The findings in this study showed that crude methanol extract has good sensitivity pattern against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The extract, at higher dosages are toxic to the liver and colon, therefore its persistent use may lead to organ damage, hence the need to characterize the bioactive components and identify the toxic agents for elimination.
Amieibibama, Joseph, Madueke, Chimezie Stanley, Osokogwu, Uche
Flow assurance issues posed by gas hydrate to the oil industry is enormous causing economic loss, downtime and flow line blockage. However, the use of inhibitors helps to prevent hydrate formation. This work studied the synergy between (ChCl/Urea), (ChCl/Glycerol) in 1:2 molar ratios and ethylene glycol in a horizontal flow loop at constant volume condition using compress natural gas as hydrate former and the physical properties (pH, Conductivity and Turbidity) of the effluent were studied. A drop in pressure indicated that gas was used up in forming hydrate cages. The result showed that DES of sample A with MEG as synergy in 1:1 molar ratio performed better than all the five inhibitors studied. This was observed by lesser pressure decline in the loop. FTIR analysis indicated that hydroxyl group (O-H stretch), Amine or Amide group (N-H bend) and carbonyl group (C=O stretch) were the dominant functional group present in the sample and exhibited an inhibitive/bonding effect in caging and preventing the hydrogen bond from host water from encapsulating and forming hydrate in the presence of gaseous molecules. Sample B outperformed Sample A. However, the synergy of Sample A with ethylene glycol performed better than sample B with ethylene glycol. The research work is applicable in the oil and gas industry for minimizing cost and reducing toxicity of commercial inhibitors.
Mirzan Mohideen Bathusha, Mohamad Yazid Isa
Islamic credit card (ICC) represents a significant innovation in Islamic finance, offering modern financial convenience while adhering to shariah principles. This paper examines the value-based proposition of ICC through the lens of maqasid al shariah, particularly the preservation of wealth, highlighting their contribution to justice, fairness, and social welfare, while aligning with sustainable Development Goals 1, 8, 10, 12, and 16. While ICC is a substantial innovation, is it not without controversy. Some argue that the underlying structures may comply with the form of shariah but risk falling short of its true spirit. This study employed qualitative research design through which case study is analysed using document analysis to fully understand the structure of the ICC related to the objective of maqasid al-shariah. The existing structure seems misaligned with the objectives of maqasid al-shariah, thus necessitating regulatory intervention for improvement and restructuring. Nevertheless, this study is constrained by the lack of formal endorsement from key stakeholders namely the regulator, both shariah committees, shariah and advisors and cardholders, which limits a comprehensive understanding of the ICC’s underlying structure in relation to maqaṣid al shariah. Accordingly, future research should focus on the endorsements from the aforesaid stakeholders to ensure the alignment with maqasid al-shariah is fulfilled.
Wan Alya Maisarah Wan Abdullah, Yuhanis Mhd Bakri
This paper presents the development and usability analysis of the “JelajahOptik” model, a low-cost and practical teaching aid designed for lower secondary Science in rural schools. The model was developed based on the ADDIE instructional design framework to address educational gaps caused by limited laboratory access and technological constraints in rural schools in Malaysia. The study involved 108 lower secondary students from Kuala Krai, Kelantan, and assessed usability in terms of usefulness and satisfaction. Findings indicated high validity, CVI (face validity = 0.80, content validity = 0.93) and reliability of survey with Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.86. Descriptive analysis using SPSS revealed high mean scores for usability constructs, usefulness (M=3.81, SD=0.20) and satisfaction (M=3.80, SD=0.25). The “JelajahOptik” model demonstrates strong potential for national-scale implementation and commercialization as a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and inclusive science education tool.
David Leonel Noumoe, Dilane Landry Nsangou Muntessu, Franklin Chu Buh, Hyacinte Trésor Ghassi, Mpatoutou Me Mpatoutou, Nicodemos Ngueha, Philippe Caleb Perem A. Nnouka
Background: Dry Needling (DN) emerged in the 1970s as a therapeutic breakthrough, proving effective in the treatment of Trigger Points (TP). Despite its worldwide application, there is few studies which explores knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of physiotherapists towards this technique in Central Africa, particularly in Cameroon. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Cameroonian physiotherapists concerning DN in relation to pressure point management. Understanding their current levels of KAP is essential to identify educational needs and developing strategies to improve TP diagnosis, caring and DN practice in the Nation. Methods: A quantitative and analytical cross-sectional survey was carried out online in the 10 administrative ’regions of Cameroon over a six-month period in 2023, including practicing physiotherapists with at least one year's work experience and who had given their consent to participate to the survey. They were asked questions about general knowledge about TP as for example diagnosis, pathophysiology and management; moreover, some questions about general knowledge, specific attitudes and level of practice of DN in the management of TP were added in the online questionnaire which was previously tested on a small sample of physiotherapists to ensure good understanding and clarity of questions. Pearson correlations were performed between KAP domains together and with sociodemographic data, Using Epi Info software version 7.2.5.0. Results: 123 physiotherapists (PTs) out of the 300 we contacted and who were listed as practicing in Cameroon on the official World Physiotherapy website in 2023 agreed to participate to the study, and all fulfilled inclusion criteria. The majority were male (56.1%), with an average age of 29 ± 5 years and average year of experience of 4 ±3 years. Furthermore, 37.4 % of PTs had insufficient knowledge, and 6.5 % had poor knowledge of TP and the various treatment methods, 14.63% had no knowledge of DN, 11.38% had very poor knowledge, 30.9% had poor knowledge, 26.83% had good knowledge and 16.23 % had very good knowledge. Concerning attitudes, we noticed that 1.63% had a neutral attitude towards DN, 21.96% strongly disagreed, 18.7% disagreed, 30.09% agreed and 27.62 % strongly agreed. With regard to respondents' DN practices, 75.61% of were not active, 7.32% were slightly active, 16.26% were active and 0.81% were very active. Conclusions: This study highlights a significant need for educational initiatives in the field of Trigger Point and Dry Needling among physiotherapists in Cameroon. The results reveal a lack of knowledge and practice, despite a positive attitude towards the technique. Addressing this need for training is essential to improving the quality of patient care and the effectiveness of trigger zone management. The data collected provides a solid basis for the development of targeted training programmes and resources to equip physiotherapists with the necessary skills and knowledge. Such efforts will ultimately contribute to the advancement of physiotherapy practice in Cameroon and Africa as a whole.
Abdel Jelil Njouendou, Assiga Cecilia Ambori, Eleonore Ngounou, Elvis Asangbeng Tanue, Hermann Ngouakam, Steve Elombo, Takamo Peter, Walters Ndaka
Background: Cervical cancer is a malignant tumour characterized by abnormal growth of cells that affects the terminal portion of the uterus, known as the cervix. It is one of the five most common cancers worldwide. In Cameroon, it has an incidence and mortality of 24 and 19 per 100,000 females per year. It is one of the most treatable and preventable forms of cancer, as long as it is detected early and managed effectively. This study aimed to determine the knowledge of cervical cancer among females at the Limbe Regional Hospital with respect to its cause, prevention, presentation, treatment, and barriers to routine cervical cancer screening. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 238 females, selected using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected through the administration of an interviewer administered questionnaire, designed using Epi Info version 7.2.5.0. The questionnaire evaluated knowledge about the cause, prevention, presentation, and treatment of cervical cancer. Descriptive statistics were used to present the frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.5 years (standard deviation = 8.0). Only 82 (34.5%) had good knowledge about cervical cancer. The most commonly reported barrier to cervical cancer screening was the lack of proper education on the procedure (95, 39.9%). Other frequently reported reasons for failing to perform routine check-ups included lack of money (46, 19.3%), the procedure being uncomfortable (45, 18.9%), invasion of privacy (44, 18.5%), and negative attitudes of health personnel (36, 15.1%). Conclusion: This study found that many women lack knowledge about cervical cancer and how to get screened. To tackle these issues, focused efforts such as community awareness campaigns and affordable screening services are needed to enhance the fight against cervical cancer.
Joe-Wruthia Mesode Lyonga Etutu, Ngende Rosine Nyake, Ngopekba Marie-Noel Matemb, Ngwa Fred Ngunjoh, Nkonhoataw Michael Bessem, Tabe Stephany Tabot, Tanyi Ankeh Mavia Ebini-Ako, Zyh Akumawah Berinyuy
Objectives: Understanding caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward childhood vaccination is crucial for improving immunization coverage and addressing vaccine hesitancy. This study utilized the World Health Organization Behavioral and Social Drivers (WHO BeSD) framework to assess KAP regarding childhood vaccination among caregivers in Buea urban setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 439 caregivers with children aged 0-59 months in Buea urban area. We collected data using a structured questionnaire based on the WHO BeSD tool. We assessed KAP domains using binary categorization: good knowledge (≥50% positive responses to knowledge indicators), positive attitude (≥75% positive responses to attitude indicators), and good practice (≥50% positive responses to practice indicators). Chi-square tests were performed to identify factors associated with each KAP domain. Results: Among 439 participants, 79.0% demonstrated good knowledge, 82.5% had positive attitudes, and 85.0% showed good vaccination practices. Knowledge was significantly associated with age group (p=0.039), sex (p=0.027), marital status (p<0.001), occupation (p=0.013), primary caregiver role (p<0.001), and housing status (p=0.002). Positive attitudes were associated with age group (p=0.002), marital status (p=0.019), health insurance (p=0.039), primary caregiver role (p=0.042), and number of children (p=0.003). Good practices were linked to marital status (p<0.001), education level (p=0.007), and health insurance (p=0.011). Conclusion: While most caregivers demonstrated favorable KAP toward vaccination, targeted interventions are needed for specific demographic groups, particularly younger caregivers, males, and those with non-primary caregiver roles to further improve vaccination outcomes.
Dr. Kritika Chawla, Dr. Shishir Srivastava, Tapsi Srivastava
Robo-advisors (RAs), powered by artificial intelligence and automation, are transforming the landscape of wealth management by offering financial advice that is cost-efficient, widely accessible, and free from human bias. As adoption increases and the global market expands, it becomes crucial to examine how scholarly research on this topic has progressed. This study undertakes a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of 140 articles published in the Scopus database between 2019 and 2024 to evaluate the maturity, thematic trajectories, and collaborative dynamics of research on robo-advisors. The findings indicate that while the field is still in its early stages, it has gained notable momentum in recent years. Research outputs remain concentrated within a limited set of journals and geographic regions, with the United States, Germany, and India standing out as leading contributors. The analysis identifies four major thematic clusters: consumer adoption and behavioral aspects, financial performance and regulatory issues, the integration of emerging technologies, and specialized applications. Nonetheless, the field remains fragmented, with minimal interdisciplinary collaboration and several underexplored dimensions, including long-term client outcomes, ethical considerations, and regulatory frameworks. By charting the intellectual landscape and highlighting research gaps, this study provides valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, while laying the groundwork for more comprehensive exploration of robo-advisors in the context of wealth management.
Assoc. Prof. Dr Jati Kasuma bin Ali, Dr Noni Harianti binti Junaidi, Norizan bin Jili, Nursuria binti Mahrif
Leadership extends beyond seniority or hierarchical position within an organization. It is not acquired at a particular pay grade. However, leaders play vital roles in shaping an organization's success. Their behaviours profoundly impact employees' ability to meet and exceed expectations in achieving organizational goals. Effective leaders adhere to guidelines and empower their followers. True leadership is not solely defined by personality traits, attributes, or titles, but rather by the power derived from competence, effectiveness, relationships, excellence, innovation, and ethics. While historically male-dominated, women are increasingly being promoted to leadership positions due to societal, economic, and demographic changes. One area of leadership studies that has gained significant attention is emotional intelligence (EI). EI, whether as a personality trait or human ability, is considered a decisive factor for mental health, personal growth, and professional success. Previous research suggests that female leaders often exhibit high levels of emotional intelligence in decision-making and their interactions with employees. However, there are inconsistent findings and empirical evidence in this regard. This working research aims to be conducted in Sarawak, focusing on female leaders working in federal agencies and state offices. The study intends to investigate the mediating role of organization culture and test relevant theories pertaining to emotional intelligence. By contributing new knowledge to the field of emotional intelligence research, this study seeks to enhance understanding of the relationship between emotional intelligence, leadership, and organizational culture.
Dr. Jeffrey B. Villena
This study explored the leadership skills of middle managers and their influence on organizational effectiveness in selected Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Manila. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining survey questionnaires administered to school administrators, faculty, and non-teaching personnel with semi-structured interviews providing deeper insights into leadership practices and institutional challenges. Findings revealed that middle managers’ leadership skills were generally highly evident, particularly in self-management, reflective thinking, emotional intelligence, and authentic leadership. Organizational effectiveness was also assessed as high, with adaptability and innovation, organizational culture, and leadership and governance emerging as the strongest dimensions. Significant differences were observed among respondent groups, with administrators consistently providing higher ratings than faculty and non-teaching personnel. Correlation analysis indicated positive relationships between leadership skills and organizational effectiveness, although these were not statistically significant. Interviews highlighted recurring challenges, including limited financial management capacity, slow adoption of innovative practices, weak communication and strategic alignment, and underprioritized professional development opportunities. The study concludes that middle managers play a pivotal role in sustaining institutional performance, yet targeted interventions are necessary. Recommendations include structured leadership development programs, transparent resource management, enhanced communication mechanisms, and continuous professional growth initiatives to strengthen leadership capacity and ensure long-term organizational sustainability in HEIs.
Monica B. Berte
Berte, Monica B., Capiz State University – Roxas City Main Campus, May 2024. “Learning Styles, Math Anxiety, and Academic Performance of Grade VI Pupils” The Department of Education, Division of Capiz is also doing its best to improve the mastery level or performance of every pupil in Mathematics. Many programs have been launched to awaken the interest of pupils and to improve their mathematical skills. The pupils of the District of Panay are not far different from other pupils out there. Since children’s mathematical reasoning and skills varies, it is now a question of whom or what influences them in this area of their personality. This descriptive study aimed to determine the learning styles, Math anxiety, and academic performance in Mathematics of Panay Central School Grade VI pupils in the District of Panay during the School Year 2023-2024. The survey questionnaire underwent validity testing by a panel of experts. The results showed that the learning styles of the Grade VI pupils with the average of M=4.24 describe as always with the verbal interpretation of “very evident”. The level of Math anxiety with the mean of 4.24 described as “moderately”. The academic performance of Grade VI pupils show that they all have “satisfactory” performance. However, there was a significant relationship among learning styles, math anxiety, and academic performance. This study recommends teachers may exert more efforts to arouse their interest towards Mathematics. Make some revisions and enhancements on the teachers’ teaching strategies. The school administration may make a priority plan for the improvement of Mathematics facilities for enrichment of the
Anselemo Ikoha Peters, Jeremiah Osida Onunga, Peter Edome Akwee
Rural communities in Turkana County, Kenya, continue to experience the adverse impacts of terrestrial biodiversity variability, resulting in loss of livestock, reduced productivity, and deteriorating livelihoods. In the digital age, Internet of Things (IoT) technologies present promising opportunities for real-time biodiversity monitoring, data sharing, and informed community-based decision-making. The study leveraged IoT-enabled biodiversity monitoring to explore how localized, real-time terrestrial biodiversity data can be communicated and utilized by rural pastoralists to enhance livestock productivity and promote sustainable livelihoods. The study assessed the extent to which rural households have access to IoT technologies, examined how communities utilize IoT-based terrestrial biodiversity data to sustain their livelihoods, and evaluated the effects of employing such data on the adoption of adaptive livelihood strategies. The research was guided by the Innovation Diffusion and Technology Adoption theories to link user adoption, technological practice, and biodiversity data utilization. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of 384 households drawn from a target population of 164,519. Data collection tools included questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews, while inferential statistics and path analysis were used to determine relationships and variable contributions to leveraging IoT enabled biodiversity monitoring for sustainable livelihoods. The findings revealed that smartphones and radios are the most cost-effective and practical IoT tools for pastoral communities to access real-time biodiversity data and pastoral advisory information. Evidence indicated that IoT-based biodiversity monitoring enhances adaptive capacity, strengthens livelihood assets, and improves long-term sustainability. The study established a framework for developing a request–response IoT- enabled biodiversity monitoring tool illustrating the relationship between biodiversity data utilization and livelihood outcomes. This research adds to the growing discourse on digital sustainability and offers policy recommendations for integrating IoT-enabled biodiversity systems into Kenya’s rural development and climate adaptation frameworks.
Pranabesh Giri
The Sundarbans, the world’s largest mangrove delta, sustains millions whose livelihoods depend on its fragile ecosystem. Women form the backbone of household and community economies, yet their roles often remain undervalued and unrecognized. This study examines the socio-economic conditions, livelihood patterns, and adaptive strategies of women in the Indian Sundarbans. Based on field surveys conducted across selected blocks of South 24 Parganas, supported by secondary sources, the research explores women’s participation in agriculture, aquaculture, forest-based occupations, and cottage industries. The findings highlight significant vulnerabilities arising from climate-induced hazards, ecological degradation, gendered inequalities, and inadequate institutional support. At the same time, women demonstrate remarkable resilience through diversified livelihoods, self-help groups, traditional ecological knowledge, and collective adaptation. The study argues that enhancing women’s access to education, healthcare, financial resources, and decision-making spaces is crucial for advancing gender equity and ecological sustainability in the Sundarbans.
Divya Hariharan, Dr. Abdul Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Dr. Sri Krishna Banerjee
From its inception Detective genre has placed marginalised groups in periphery. Two of the greatest and archetypal mystery narratives involving Auguste Dupin and Sherlock Holmes feature white men as their protagonists with no role attributed to women in the narrative. The Golden Age of Deduction broke these stereotypes by creating Women detectives, Children detectives and most importantly, by incorporating racially, culturally and traditionally diversified narratives into their storyline. In the Twenty First Century, Detective fiction is one of the most experimental genres and it has situated itself as one of the pioneer genres of literature with wide reading population. Inclusion and Diversity are keywords that dominate this genre today and creating stories with autistic representation and rewriting already existing narratives with autistic characters has become a common feature in mystery genre. This research paper will explore the representation of autistic children in detective stories and in terms of their relevance and authenticity.
Dr. J. Mekala Devi
Climate variability has emerged as one of the key challenges to sustainable development, particularly in semi-arid regions of South India. Sivakasi, known as the "Little Japan of India" for its fireworks and printing industries, is highly sensitive to variations in temperature and rainfall due to its dependence on dryland agriculture, water resources, and worker safety in heat-stressed environments. This study aims to analyze the long-term trends of temperature and rainfall in Sivakasi from 1980 to 2025 using meteorological datasets obtained from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and local weather stations. Time-series statistical techniques such as the Mann–Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimator will be applied to detect significant trends in annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfall and temperature. The findings are expected to highlight shifts in monsoon onset, changing intensity of dry spells, and warming patterns. The study will contribute to regional climate understanding and provide evidence-based recommendations for agriculture, water management, and industrial safety policies in Sivakasi.
Gajanan M Naik, Ritish Hullar, S Divyashree, Sharanya Kalkunte, Surabhi Satish
Electrochemical Machining (ECM) is a machining technique which is non traditional used for shaping complex components with superior accuracy and surface finish. However, optimizing surface roughness remains challenging because of the intricate, non-linear dependency between various process aspects such as electrolyte concentration, voltage, frequency, duty cycle, temperature, and feed rate. Traditional trial-and-error or analytical approaches are often time- consuming and inefficient. This study introduces a Machine Learning (ML)-based predictive modeling approach to estimate and optimize the roughness of the surface in ECM processes using data obtained by Chen Xuezhen et al.’s tests on the Ti60 titanium alloy.
Dr Ojo Ibironke Cecilia, Mayaki-Adeolu Felicia Foyeke
Malaria remains a critical public health issue, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where it disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, including children under five. Despite promising breakthroughs, such as the World Health Organization (WHO)-approved RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine, challenges persist in vaccine awareness, access, and equitable distribution. This review examines current malaria vaccine implementation efforts, identifies systemic barriers, and highlights opportunities for enhancing uptake and equity. Key issues include inadequate community awareness, vaccine hesitancy, funding constraints, logistical limitations, and weak health infrastructure. Despite these barriers, innovative approaches such as scalable manufacturing, community engagement, and integrated delivery systems offer hope for achieving broader vaccine coverage. Addressing these challenges through multisectoral collaboration and targeted policy reform is essential for reducing malaria-related morbidity and mortality and progressing toward malaria elimination.
Eliezer U. Lactuan, Josephine A. Sayson, Marivic L.Han-awon, PhD, Mark D. Gil Balazo, Mary Jane A. Talugco, Michell D. Generalao
This study investigated the effectiveness of the market penetration strategy of Mr. DIY towards customer loyalty among the three stores of Mr. DIY within the city of Malaybalay and Aglayan, Bukidnon. Specifically, it examined various penetration strategies of the store namely price penetration and promotional strategy and its effectiveness in building customer loyalty. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, with 150 respondents selected through non-proportional quota sampling. Data was gathered using an adapted questionnaire validated by experts and measured on a four-point Likert scale. Statistical research tools such as weighted mean, standard deviation, and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that market penetration strategies are generally rated as Very effective, with price penetration receiving the highest evaluation. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between market penetration strategy and customer loyalty, indicating that improved market penetration strategy increases customer loyalty. The findings highlighted the importance of implementing relevant and quality strategies to foster stronger connections between businesses and their target customers. This study concludes that market penetration strategy plays a critical role in building customer loyalty and recommends Mr. DIY store to continue implementing these strategies.
Dr. Daniel A. Otwori, Dr. Rose Otieno, Jones Omwenga
Police officers are frequently exposed to traumatic incidents that can impair their psychological wellbeing and job performance. This study examined the mediating role of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the relationship between trauma exposure and job performance among police officers in Njoro Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya. The objectives were to assess the extent of trauma exposure, evaluate its effect on job performance, and determine whether PTSD mediates this relationship. The target population comprised 152 police officers drawn from all stations within Njoro Sub-County, from which a sample of 133 officers participated, yielding an 87.5% response rate. A descriptive and inferential research design was adopted, utilizing structured questionnaires as the primary data collection instrument. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM) with the aid of SPSS and AMOS software. Results revealed that trauma exposure had a significant negative effect on job performance and that PTSD significantly mediated this relationship. Officers with higher levels of trauma exposure exhibited more severe PTSD symptoms such as irritability, hypervigilance, and emotional exhaustion which in turn reduced decision-making ability, concentration, and interpersonal functioning. These findings affirm that PTSD is a critical psychological pathway linking trauma to diminished performance in policing contexts. The study recommends that the National Police Service institutionalize regular psychological screening, counseling, and wellness programs to facilitate early detection and management of PTSD. Moreover, post-incident debriefing, peer-support systems, and mentorship programs should be integrated into operational protocols to enhance resilience and safeguard officers’ mental health and performance. Future research should adopt longitudinal and comparative designs to establish causal relationships and explore the moderating roles of organizational culture and gender in trauma response among police officers.
Iris L. Empasis, Joan P. Bacarisas
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is widely recognized as a key component in improving healthcare quality and patient outcomes. However, despite its benefits, EBP is often underutilized in clinical settings. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, frequency of implementation, and perceived barriers to EBP among nurses in a healthcare institution.
Abdelmajid Soulaymani, Bouchra Assarag, Hayate Koubri, Hind Hami, Nazih El Kouartey
Irregular migration is currently one of the most complex social phenomena on a global scale, with significant security, social, and health repercussions. Due to their geostrategic position, Mediterranean countries constitute major transit and reception areas, and Morocco stands out as a central point for migratory flows towards Europe, particularly via the Strait of Gibraltar. Beyond security issues, irregular migration has serious consequences for the health of migrants, who are exposed to precarious living conditions and increased vulnerability in destination countries. However, few studies have examined the right to health of this population in Morocco. This article focuses on analyzing the right of irregular migrants to health and access to healthcare in the Moroccan context. It is structured around two axes: on the one hand, the conceptual and legal foundations of irregular migration; on the other hand, the study of the right to health as a fundamental right, examining more particularly the situation of irregular migrants in Morocco.
Faisal Emon
Man is the mastermind of all social constructs, keeping pace with the share and distribution of the resources though in scarcity. As a man is grown up into materials maturity, his metaphysical and spiritual vigour can either vapourize him into dust or solidify him into the hardihood of survival. Santiago the aged man in the novel “The Old Man and The Sea” reflects the significance of being old in the construction of socio-economic stature. His unending passion of living a simple but dignified life in the capitalist society points to the self-help associating life, which is impeded under the capital led super structure. He is a member of such a power dominating society that being inactive in the excuse of agility is accepted under criticism of delinquency between the old and the young. The research tries to explore the immenseness of nature with grandeur provision to its major agent – human being. Nature loves and blesses those ever active persons as spiritual bond. Santiago the fisherman is neither a famous person nor a family bringer of his own. He is a lonely person which is somewhat trivial to all the neighbors but a boy Manolin who wants to learn fishing from him. A society under income discrimination can snare at its aged member of his inactiveness to be a burden. But the boy realizes the vigor and stamina the old man has to navigate himself in the ocean. What the article tries to dig out is the legacy of human activities to cohere the socio-economic status for the existence of human beings, and the ecology of society. Does Santiago at any time of his presence in the novel imply in any of his activities that he becomes aged and burdensome? Does he really? He has the power of self-dignity for which none but nature and God love him to go actively forward. He does not find noticeable fishes, but he is not disappointed. He believes in the steadiness of work as the blessing of God. Finally, he catches an enormous fish ever to his joyfulness which is a blow to those snaring at him. On his way back home, he brings not the flesh but the bones – a satire to the disrespectful and capitalistically blind society. Who knows that the enormous fish if anchored on the shore could be the root cause of more greediness and chaos for its major share and distribution? Finally, Nature does both to the old man – disappoints him for not bringing the flesh to the shore and pacifies him for not standing him into the massive chaos in greediness, thus establishing him a social critique.
Adetutu Olubunmi Obulor, Aruchi, Wekhe-Emenike, Eme Efioanwan Orlu
This study aimed at evaluating the Mitigating property of Sacoglottis gabonensis ethanolic extract on Spermatogenesis of Swiss mice following chronic exposure to Aspartame. A total of Ninety mice were assigned to five groups (A-E) of eighteen mice each. Group A was the negative control. Group B was the positive control and received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame. Group C received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 250mg/kg/bw/day of ethanolic leaf extract of Sacoglottis gabonensis. Group D received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 50mg/kg/bw/day of ethanolic bark extract of S.gabonensis. Group E received 50mg/kg/bw/day of aspartame and 250mg/kg/bw/day of a combination of bark and leaf extract. All the groups were exposed to the treatment by oral gavage for 30, 60 and 90days. Histological examination of the section of testis of mice at the end of 30, 60, and 90 days of the experimental period revealed normal testicular epithelium with a full complement of spermatogenic elements in group A. In mice exposed to aspartame only (group B), the seminiferous epithelium was devoid of spermatogenic elements, leaving spaces in the lumen. Group C, exposed to aspartame and ethanolic extract of S. gabonensis bark showed regeneration of the seminiferous tubule. In mice exposed to aspartame and the ethanolic extract of S. gabonensis leaf (group D), degeneration of the spermatogenic cells and regeneration of interstitial cells were still observed. Group E showed the regeneration of spermatogenic cells and the elongation of spermatids. Maturing spermatozoa were found in the lumen, and Interstitial cells beginning to regenerate. It was concluded that aspartame is potentially antispermatogenic and, based on its consumption in various forms of juices, drinks, and beverages may be implicated in male secondary infertility. Conversely, S.gabonensis has the potential to ameliorate inhibition and impairment of spermatogenesis resulting from chronic exposure to toxicants.
Munyaradzi Mkuni, Rejoice Murisi
This article presents a critical analysis of the phenomenon of moonlighting, the practice of holding secondary employment outside one’s primary academic appointment among university lecturers. Moving beyond simplistic narratives that frame moonlighting solely as either a necessary economic strategy or a detrimental distraction, this paper argues that its impact on core job performance is complex, contingent, and multidimensional. The analysis is structured around a tripartite framework, examining the economic, temporal, and psychological pathways through which external work influences academic roles. Drawing on contemporary scholarship in higher education studies, labour economics, and organizational psychology, the article explores how systemic pressures such as precarious employment conditions, stagnant wages, and the commodification of academic labor drive the prevalence of moonlighting. The study calls for a reconceptualization of the issue by university administrators, advocating for policies that move from punitive measures to supportive, transparent frameworks that acknowledge the realities of the modern academic workforce and seek to harness potential synergies while mitigating harms.
Ayushi K. Chand, Carrel Debonnaire R. Naces, Edwin F. Alejo, Nicole K. Tjhang, Scott L. Gahum, Welmince A. Soares
This study examined the morphological variations of Aglaomorpha quercifolia across three habitats: epiphytic, epilithic, and terrestrial in Dili, Timor-Leste. The study aimed to 1.) identify and describe the morphological characteristics of A. quercifolia in different habitats; 2.) assess the statistical variations of these morphological characteristics among different habitat conditions; and 3.) evaluate the extent of morphological variations of A. quercifolia across different habitats based on statistical analysis. Specimens were collected through transect walks and visual searches. Both qualitative (e.g., frond color and texture) and quantitative (e.g., frond and rachis size) data were recorded and analyzed using MANOVA in Jamovi. Results showed that all specimens shared key characteristics such as creeping rhizomes, dimorphic fronds, and scaly stipes, confirming they belong to the same species. However, significant differences in size and shape were observed across habitats. Epiphytic A. quercifolia had the greatest dimension of fertile and sterile fronds. Epilithic ferns were smallest in all measured traits. Statistical analysis confirmed a strong effect of habitat on morphology (F = 57.1, p < 0.001), with fertile frond and rachis length showing the most variation. The findings suggest that while A. quercifolia maintains core species traits, its morphology is significantly influenced by habitat. Epiphytic forms appeared best adapted, with larger fronds aiding nutrient collection. Further research is recommended to include anatomical and physiological studies and environmental monitoring to better understand the species’ adaptability.
Dr. Surajit Let
The tourism industry, both a significant contributor to and a casualty of climate change, faces an urgent need to adopt sustainable practices and innovative approaches to mitigate its environmental impact and enhance climate resilience. This article examines the various challenges that climate change presents for tourism, including rising sea levels, biodiversity loss, and the vulnerability of tourism-dependent economies, especially in coastal and island destinations. In response to these issues, the industry is increasingly embracing eco-certifications, carbon offset programmes, community-based tourism, and technology-driven solutions that encourage responsible and sustainable travel. Eco-certifications and green standards promote environmentally friendly practices, while carbon offset programmes allow travellers to mitigate their travel emissions by investing in renewable energy and reforestation initiatives. Community-based tourism, which involves local communities in managing tourism, ensures that economic benefits remain within the community and emphasises cultural preservation. Additionally, digital platforms and real-time data monitoring help guide travellers towards eco-friendly options, reducing the impact on sensitive ecosystems. This paper highlights case studies from diverse regions to illustrate the successful implementation of these innovations and their positive environmental and economic effects. The discussion includes policy recommendations, such as incentivising sustainable practices, investing in low-emission infrastructure, and developing climate adaptation strategies tailored to high-risk destinations. As global travel demand continues to grow, the tourism industry must prioritise sustainable strategies to align with international climate goals, protect natural and cultural heritage, and support local communities. This article serves as a guide for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers, emphasising the need for a coordinated approach to navigate climate challenges effectively and foster a resilient, sustainable tourism future.
Maslinawati Mohamad, Noor Faiza M. Ja’afar
The global transition of world transportation to electric vehicles (EVs) is central to decarbonising transport, however, it is fraught with an inherent sustainability paradox. The paradox lies in the tension between the clear operational benefits of zero tailpipe emissions and the significant, often hidden, environmental burdens embedded within EV lifecycle. The EV lifecycle which involves from intensive mining of critical minerals to the burgeoning challenge of end-f-life battery waste. This academic overview argues that robust Corporate Waste Management Disclosure (CWMD) is a critical mechanism for navigating this complex trade-off. The CWMD could navigate the paradox by mandating transparent and quantifiable reporting on waste streams across the entire value chain. The CWMD moves the industry beyond a narrow focus om use-phase emission. It enhances transparency for stakeholders, enables greater producer accountability for full lifecycle impacts, and drives innovation in circular economy strategies, such as recycling and second-life applications. Ultimately, this study suggests that comprehensive waste disclosure is not merely compliance exercise. comprehensive waste disclosure should also act as a foundation for resolving the EV sustainability paradox. Which it will foster a transition that is truly sustainable from resource extraction to final disposal.
Dr. Deepak H. Shinde
This Paper Aims to Investigate Aravind Adiga’s The Novel Amnesty Through the Lens of Contemporary Diasporic Approach. As It Delineates the Tale of an Illegal Immigrant in Australia, Who Land There with A Student Visa and Later Decides to Stay Over Illegally. Thereby Manifests to Gain Legal and Permanent Status. The Novel Echoes Several Diasporic Themes and Situations Depicting the Ordeals of Immigrants. This Study Focuses on the Protagonist, Danny and His Diasporic Experiences as He Encounters Them Emphasizing on Identity, Displacement, Cultural Hybridity and Assimilation.
Chinenye Mary Okorochi, Edoiseh Ehidiamhen Felix, Enoch Chibuike Okorochi, Olushola Olakunle Jegede, Precious Chinonso Nwafor-Richard, Stanley Emeka Ogbata
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental heavy metal associated with neurotoxicity. This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of oilseed from Tetracarpidium conophorum (Müll. Arg.) on the medulla oblongata of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cadmium acetate (Cd(CH₃COO)₂) and behavioral changes in the medulla oblongata of Wistar rats. . Thirty adult female Wistar rats were allocated into five groups (n = 6): control (normal saline), sham (pellets/water only), cadmium acetate only (3.5 mg/kg, i.p.), cadmium acetate + T. conophorum oil seed (3.5 mg/kg i.p. + 0.5 ml/kg orally), and oil seed only (0.5 ml/kg orally). Treatments lasted 30 days. Body weight and neurobehavior (beam walk test) were recorded. Brain tissues were examined histologically (H&E, Luxol Fast Blue). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test; values are mean ± SEM; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results showed that cadmium exposure produced weight loss trends and significant histological alterations in the medulla oblongata, including distorted unmyelinated nerve architecture, vacuolated pyramidal cells, and disrupted myelin staining. Co treatment with T. conophorum oil seed preserved histological architecture relative to cadmium-alone animals, with increased Schwann cell presence and improved myelin staining. Behavioral deficits induced by cadmium were attenuated in the oil-treated group.In conclusion, T. conophorum oil seed mitigates cadmium-induced histopathological and behavioral changes in the rat medulla oblongata, supporting its potential as a natural neuroprotectant. Future studies should quantify oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory markers, and tissue cadmium to define mechanisms and translational feasibility as dietary or therapeutic agents.
Bulus, Kwebu Ishaya, Shitta, Bweseh Habila, Umar, Columbus Garba
This systematic review synthesises 88 empirical and conceptual studies on newspaper reporting of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) issues in Nigeria, analysing themes, frames, tones, regional differences, theoretical frameworks, research methodologies, and overall literature synthesis. The findings indicate that sanitation (43. 26%) and water (33. 33%) receive the most coverage, whereas hygiene and open defecation are accorded less attention. Regional disparities are evident, with a higher prevalence of studies from Northern Nigeria (19. 32%) compared to the southern regions (7. 95%). Theories such as Agenda Setting and Framing Theory (19% and 16%, respectively) are frequently utilised, underscoring the media' s influence in shaping public perception. The review identifies nine predominant frames, with ‘Problem and Risk’ (33. 33%) and ‘Crisis’ (27. 84%) being most prominent, reflecting the media' s focus on urgent WASH issues and crises. The ‘Health and Safety’ frame (13. 64%) also plays a significant role, while the ‘Economic Impact’ (3. 41%) and ‘Solution- Oriented’ (4. 55%) frames are less prevalent, indicating a reactive, event- driven approach. Regarding tone, advocacy (49%) and negative tones (24%) predominate, emphasising awareness and highlighting deficiencies within WASH systems. Conversely, positive (16%) and neutral (11%) tones are less frequently employed, limiting solution- focused discourse. The most common research methodologies include content analysis (48%) and mixed methods (24%), which elucidate WASH framing. The findings identify several opportunities for further research, including the impact of underreporting WASH issues in marginalised communities on public health in Nigeria. The need to investigate the media representation of women and children in WASH reporting and the role of the media in advocating for sustainable water and sanitation policy reforms. These proposed research directions aim to fill existing gaps in understanding the influence of media on public health and policy development within the WASH sector.
Dr Tafara Marazi
The article presents a comprehensive ethnographic and historical analysis of the interconnected spiritual institutions of the Njelele shrine and the Thobela spirit within the cultural and dsociological landscape of the Matopo Hills in south-western Zimbabwe. It argues that these institutions are not merely relics of a static past but are dynamic, living systems of indigenous knowledge that have historically served, and continue to serve, as critical mediators between the human, spiritual, and natural worlds. The central focus is on their pivotal role in rainmaking rituals (ukucela imvula in isiNdebele; kukumbira mvura in chiShona/chiKalanga), which are fundamental to the socio-economic and cosmological order of the local Kalanga and Ndebele communities. Drawing on extensive scholarly literature, colonial archives, and post-colonial ethnographic studies, this article deconstructs the complex hierarchy of custodianship, the intricate ritual processes, and the profound cosmological beliefs that underpin these practices. It further examines the resilience of these traditions through periods of colonial disruption, political pressure, and contemporary environmental challenges, positing that the enduring significance of Njelele and Thobela offers crucial insights into sustainable environmental ethics and the enduring power of African spiritual epistemologies.
B. Lakshmi Prasanna Latha, L. Md. Bhakshu, P. Venkatesu
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancers, have emerged as the foremost global health challenge. Unlike infectious diseases, NCDs are not transmitted from person to person but arise through complex interactions among genetic, environmental, behavioral, and physiological determinants. Modifiable lifestyle-related factorssuch as unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and harmful alcohol consumptionplay a pivotal role in their increasing prevalence. The global burden is particularly alarming in low- and middle-income countries, where demographic shifts, urbanization, and health inequities exacerbate the problem. India, undergoing a significant epidemiological transition, vividly reflects this trend. States such as Andhra Pradesh report high diabetes prevalence, rising cardiovascular mortality, and tobacco-related cancers. This paper critically reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, health system challenges, and policy responses to NCDs at global and national levels, with a case study from Andhra Pradesh, and underscores the need for integrated prevention and control strategies.
Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Gurjar, Dr. Ravi Sharma
Obesity is the most common disorder of nutrition in affluent societies. It is associated with increased mortality, predisposes to many other diseases and reduces the individual’s happiness and efficiency. Charaka has described Sthaulya among the eight most unwanted diseases and Samtarpanajanita roga . In pathogenesis of Sthaulya , Kapha (Kledaka Kapha), Vata (Samana & Vyana Vayu) , Meda (fat /lipid) and Medodhatvagni Mandyata are main responsible factors. The obesity calculated on the basis of reduction of total body weight of patient, BMI =(Weight / Height ratio),Measurement of skin-fold thickness, Circumference ratio (Waist/Hip ratio), Computed tomography etc. analysis of symptoms of obesity in our samhitas i.e;lakshanas of atisathula person. The present day society expects peak physical and mental performance from each of its member and obese person is unable to find out himself physical and mental fit for it. It occurs as a result of lack of physical activities with increased intake of daily diet results into the clinical entity, which can be called as obesity,.Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health leading to reduced life expectancy and /or increased health problems.
Dr. Bernard Olu Okoro, Dr. Magnus Chioma Orjiako
This study investigated the influence of Office Information Systems (OIS) on service-delivery efficiency in federal universities in South-East Nigeria. Anchored on the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model (2003) and the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989), the research focused on two critical dimensions: system quality and integration, and user competence and utilization. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and covered a population of 118 senior administrative officers responsible for records management in the registry departments of five federal universities—University of Nigeria, Nsukka; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka; Federal University of Technology, Owerri; Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike; and Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. Due to the manageable population size, a census approach was used, yielding 111 valid responses (94% return rate). Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions, and multiple regression analysis for hypothesis testing. Findings revealed that OIS in the universities exhibit high system quality and integration (M = 4.02) and that users demonstrate strong competence in OIS utilization (M = 3.88). Service-delivery efficiency was rated very high (M = 4.16). Regression results indicated that OIS significantly enhance service delivery (R² = 0.661, F = 105.36, p < .001), with both system quality (β = 0.493) and user competence (β = 0.428) exerting statistically significant positive effects. The study concludes that robust OIS infrastructure and sustained user competence are vital to administrative efficiency and service improvement in Nigerian universities. It recommends regular system upgrades, continuous staff digital training, and stronger policy support for full OIS integration across administrative operations.
Jaouad Moumni, Mohammed ELHADDOUCHI, Mouloud MAHI, Taoufiq MHAMDI
This study examines the crucial role of leadership in the context of higher education's digital transformation. It centres on a transition that involves behavioural changes and cultural transformations in the learning environment. Leadership is a driving force that initiates and sustains the digitalization of management. In this research, faculty management staff members are recognized as the leaders who promote an environment of change. They are advocates for adaptability and the integration of technology tools. The study includes qualitative data from semi-structured interviews. The participants are the staff of Mohammed I University Oujda (UMPO). They provide relevant data about their interactions with digital tools to enhance the administrative process. This work contributes to the existing body of research on leadership and the digital transformation of the workplace in educational settings by providing empirical evidence that facilitates the transition to digital education.
Dr. Md. Javeed Md. Yakub Manure, Ms. Pooja Suresh Patil
Neuroprotection encompasses strategies aimed at preserving neuronal structure and function by mitigating pathological processes such as oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and regulated cell death (RCD). Despite promising preclinical findings, translation to clinical success has been limited due to pharmacokinetic constraints, inadequate blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, methodological deficiencies, and a lack of objective biomarkers. Key mechanistic targets include mitochondrial stabilization, modulation of glutamate-induced calcium overload, suppression of proinflammatory glial activation, and inhibition of specific RCD pathways such as necroptosis (RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL) and ferroptosis (GPX4/ALOX-15). Advanced in vitro platforms—including iPSC-derived organoids and co-culture systems—and rigorously designed in vivo models are essential for mechanistic validation and prediction of clinical efficacy. Translational success further relies on achieving therapeutically relevant unbound drug concentrations in the CNS (Cu,br) and integrating clinically validated biomarkers (e.g., plasma NfL, GFAP) into preclinical endpoints. Emerging therapeutic strategies encompass CNS-penetrant small molecules, biologics, cell-derived extracellular vesicles, and phytochemicals delivered via advanced formulations. This review emphasizes the necessity of mechanism-specific, biomarker-driven, and rigorously validated approaches to overcome historical translational failures and realize clinically effective neuroprotective interventions.
Ashan Induranga, H.G.E.M.R.S.J. Ekanayake, P.A.I.S. Abejeewa, W.A.L. Priyankara
This review article provides a brief overview of the applications of Proportional – Integral – Derivative (PID), Fuzzy Logic, and Model Predictive Control (MPC) technologies in the autonomous vehicles industry. PID is a popular control method used in various industries because of its simplicity and tuning methods. PID control serves as a fundamental building block for many control systems due to its simplicity. Fuzzy Logic control offers flexibility and robustness to handle uncertainties. MPC provides advanced predictive control while working as a cutting-edge control strategy. This paper tried to develop an overview of the use of the above-mentioned technologies in autonomous vehicle speed control, steering control, path following, stability control, and energy management in the recent past, while providing a brief introduction to the controlling mechanisms along with their history.
Ezejiofor Ifeanyi Malachy, Odilinye, Oluchi Cecilia, Ofojekwu, Ursula Nnedimma, Okeke, Miracle Chidiebere
Castleman disease (CD) is a rare and heterogeneous lymphoproliferative disorder that affects both children and adults, typically presenting in young to middle-aged individuals. It is classified clinically as unicentric Castleman disease (UCD), which typically affects a single lymph node region and is often of the hyaline vascular subtype, or multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), which involves multiple lymph node stations and systemic inflammation. MCD includes HHV‑8–associated MCD and idiopathic MCD (iMCD), each with distinct diagnostic and therapeutic profiles. CD can mimic various malignant, infectious, and autoimmune diseases, leading to frequent diagnostic challenges. Although paediatric cases are uncommon, they often exhibit overlapping clinical and histological features, necessitating a high index of suspicion for accurate diagnosis and management. Two rare paediatric cases of Castleman disease are reported, involving a 7-year-old and a 9-year-old male, each presenting with atypical symptoms and complex clinical profiles. The first case presented with progressive respiratory distress, cachexia, generalized lymphadenopathy, and a mediastinal mass initially suspected to be lymphoma. Although histopathology demonstrated hyaline vascular Castleman disease—a subtype typically seen in unicentric disease—the extent of lymphadenopathy and systemic compromise indicated a multicentric clinical behavior. Histopathology revealed hyaline vascular Castleman disease. The second case presented with prolonged fever, cough, pleural effusion, hepatosplenomegaly, nephropathy, and cardiac dysfunction. These widespread systemic abnormalities are more suggestive of multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), despite the hyaline vascular histologic findings. Extensive investigations excluded infectious and malignant causes, and lymph node biopsy confirmed hyaline vascular Castleman disease. Both cases required multidisciplinary evaluation and were subsequently referred for specialized tertiary management. Castleman disease, though rare in children, should be considered in cases of persistent lymphadenopathy and systemic illness unresponsive to conventional therapy. Early biopsy and histopathological confirmation remain essential for diagnosis, while timely referral and multidisciplinary management optimize outcomes. Increased awareness, improved diagnostic access, and expanded availability of immunomodulatory therapy are critical to improving prognosis in paediatric Castleman disease.
Phoestine Simiyu
As part of curriculum reforms, the Kenyan government, through the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD), adopted the Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) in 2017 and rolled it out in early years’ education in 2019. The CBC emphasizes active parental engagement in children’s learning. This study assessed the preparedness of parents for effective implementation of CBC in Bungoma and Ruiru Sub-Counties. Specifically, it examined parents’ awareness of their roles, the extent of their participation, their perceptions of CBC, and the challenges they face in supporting implementation. Using a descriptive survey design, the study targeted 75 primary schools and sampled 20 schools, 126 parents, and 21 lower primary teachers. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews, and analyzed through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that most parents were not adequately prepared to perform their roles in CBC implementation. Many lacked a clear understanding of CBC expectations, faced financial and time constraints, and experienced limited communication from schools. Despite these challenges, parents generally held a positive attitude towards the curriculum. The study concludes that sustained parental sensitization and engagement are crucial for successful CBC implementation. It recommends continuous monitoring and evaluation, with structured feedback from implementers and stakeholders to strengthen and refine the curriculum.
Agyeman Opambour, Aniakwa Mavis, Asamoah Benjamin, Johnson Osei Poku
This study examined the relationship between peer-assisted learning (PAL) and students’ mathematics achievement, focusing on the mediating role of students’ attitudes and the moderating effect of mathematics interest. The research was conducted in the Sekyere-Kumawu District, Ashanti Region, Ghana, with 350 students from Banko SHS and Dadease Agric SHS selected via stratified and simple random sampling. Using structural equation modeling (AMOS v23), results showed that PAL significantly predicted mathematics achievement. Students’ attitudes partially mediated the PAL–achievement link (bias-corrected confidence interval did not include zero). Mathematics interest significantly moderated the attitude → achievement path, strengthening the positive effect of attitude on achievement. The study recommends integrating structured PAL programs into the curriculum and promoting positive mathematics attitudes through motivational activities, reinforcement, and supportive classroom environments.
Iddrisu Mohammed, Isaac Sonful Coffie, Mawuadem Koku Amedeker
This study investigated the perceived factors influencing students’ academic performance in Integrated Science in public senior high schools within Jomoro Municipality in Ghana. A descriptive survey design with a quantitative approach was employed to gather insights from 294 students and 18 Integrated Science teachers selected through stratified random and purposive sampling respectively. Data were collected using structured questionnaires validated through expert review and pilot testing (Cronbach’s α = 0.80). Descriptive statistical analyses using frequencies and percentages revealed that home and school environments were largely unconducive for effective science learning. Specifically, 77.2% of students reported unsupportive home conditions, while 55.1% of students indicated limited parental involvement and supervision. Similarly, 100% of teachers and 74.2% of students identified inadequate instructional materials, overcrowded classrooms, and poor school facilities as major impediments to effective science instruction. Teacher-related factors also emerged as critical barriers. About 94.4% of teachers agreed that low teacher qualification and confidence negatively affect student performance. Moreover, the majority of students (70.8%) and teachers (100%) reported minimal use of varied instructional materials and a lack of individualized support for struggling learners, reflecting overreliance on traditional lecture methods. These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of academic performance determinants, emphasizing the interrelationship between environmental, teacher-related, and student-related factors. The study recommends increased collaboration between parents, school management, and the Ghana Education Service to enhance learning environments, improve teacher professional development, and foster student motivation and self-directed learning.
Vincent Chukwukadibia Onwughalu
The study advocates for the expansion of the Nigerian Education Loan Fund’s (NEL Fund) mandate to include the Students Work Aid Programme (SWAP), in order to accommodate more financially disadvantaged students who cannot access student loans. The primary objective of the study is to determine the availability of SWAP in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. In addition, it examines the impact of SWAP on the completion of undergraduate studies and the enhancement of post-graduation employment opportunities. The scope of the study covers tertiary institutions—universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education—in South Eastern Nigeria that are owned by the federal and state governments as well as private establishments. Using an exploratory mixed methods approach, data were collected from 104 respondents (staff and students) across 20 institutions that reflect this institutional mix. The findings reveal that: (i) SWAP is available in only a few institutions in South Eastern Nigeria; (ii) there is a need to introduce SWAP in all tertiary institutions where it is currently unavailable; (iii) SWAP has a positive effect on undergraduate study completion, as it improves completion rates and reduces dropout rates; (iv) SWAP provides opportunities for students to acquire workplace knowledge and skills; (v) awareness of SWAP among staff and students is relatively low; and (vi) SWAP should be made a mandatory programme in tertiary institutions in Nigeria to support financially disadvantaged students. The study makes policy recommendations for the development of a financial aid system that integrates SWAP into NEL Fund, and funded through the Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TET Fund).
Carol E. Vallecillo, Dr. Genesis G. Camarista, Rod Daven T. Gelpe
In the fast-changing landscape of 21st-century education, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as ChatGPT, Mathway, and GeoGebra has relevantly shaped how college students interact with mathematics. This qualitative-descriptive study scrutinizes the personal experiences, attitudes, and practice specimens of ten college students in the Philippines who have utilized AI tools in mathematics learning. Guided by Constructivist Learning Theory, Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research explores how AI affects students’ conceptual understanding, problem-solving confidence, and learning behaviors. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Findings reveal a nuanced duality: while students perceive AI as a helpful learning companion that enhances clarity, motivation, and autonomy, they also express cautious trust and concern over potential over-reliance and cognitive passivity. AI utilization was found to be largely student-driven and peer-influenced, with learners critically sailing its benefits and limitations. The study underscores the need for AI literacy, balanced usage, and institutional assistance to ensure AI serves as a scaffold for deeper mathematical understanding rather than a shortcut for convenience. These insights inform educators and policymakers aiming to integrate AI in mathematics education responsibly and equitably.
Babatunde, Bolaji Bernard, Dienebiwari, Ereghotie Ayebaemi, Hart, Aduabobo Ibitoru
The concentration of water and sediment quality parameters such as Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, Sulphate, Potassium, Calcium, Nitrate, Total Hydrocarbon Concentration (THC), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and Phosphate was studied between April 2021 to March 2022. The mean concentration of the parameters in the various stations range between 6.70 – 7.04; 29.09 – 29.45 oC; 5.11 – 5.77 mg/l; 75.72 – 81.85 mg/l; 89.23 – 90.97 mg/l; 1.29 – 1.88 mg/l; 2.41 – 2.86 mg/l; 1.53 – 2.14 mg/l; 7.08 – 19.58 mg/l, 0.27 – 0.62 mg/l, and 2.34 – 2.52 mg/l for pH, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate, Sulphate, Nitrate, Turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand, and THC respectively. In sediment, the mean concentration of parameters was between 5.12 – 5.62; 1.73 – 2.36 mg/kg; 3.96 – 5.11 mg/kg; 1.67 – 2.15 mg/kg; 298.90 – 409.40 mg/kg; 419.25 – 491.53 mg/kg; 7.14 – 7.53 %, and 98.94 – 130.55 mg/kg for pH, Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate, Calcium, Potassium, TOC, and THC. In water, there was a significant variation across study stations (p<0.05), in the concentration of phosphate, nitrate, and turbidity, but no such variation (p>0.05) occurred in the other parameters. In sediments, there were also spatially significant variations (p<0.05) in the concentrations of pH, Nitrate, Sulphate, and Phosphate. Overall, the concentrations of these parameters were higher in sediments than in water. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis grouped the physicochemical parameters of water and sediments from the study area into three clusters. These findings reflect the dynamic nature of the aquatic environment and the influence of various factors on water and sediment quality.
A. K. M. Nazmul Huda, Md. Habibur Rahman, Md. Imran Hossain, Md. Shadiqul Islam
To know effective physiological response against chromium toxicity, 25 rice varieties were cultivated on the hydroponic solution treated with 100µM chromium and physiological as well as biochemical features were evaluated compared with non-treated control plants. In this investigation, it was found that the concentration of citric acid synthesized and secreted by roots influences the mitigation of chromium toxicity. In varieties BR-58, BR-63 and BR-68 chromium uptake were significantly higher than the control plant but their translocation to shoot was restricted indicating elevated Cr retention in roots. This retention was facilitated by root secreted citric acid which was assured by significant rhizospheric pH reduction (15%, 18.5% and 20.9% respectively) under chromium stress. Furthermore, BR-73 showed an efficient exclusion mechanism keeping down metal uptake by citric acid ensured by 15% rhizosphere pH reduction. In contrast, varieties of rhizospheres with a pH reduction of less than 10% were unable to withstand chromium toxicity. The findings indicate that a reduction of 15% or more in rhizospheric pH serves as the benchmark for the necessary level of organic acid secretion required for chromium tolerance. Moreover, the strategies employed for tolerance differ based on genotypes rather than species. Furthermore, it offers an efficient screening technique for metal tolerant rice plants.
Harold R. Lucero, Jayson D. Dela Cruz, John Marvic G. Hernaez, Luisito DC. Soriano, Rodel I. Magniyo
This study aimed to utilize smart space technologies in determining planting sustainability and soil moisture stress that will optimize IoT and data mining technique to help in achieving the government’s goal of empowering and strengthening the nation’s agricultural sector. The study employed the combined experimental, developmental, and quantitative research approach towards achieving the objectives of the study. In order to gather abiotic and edaphic data, including soil moisture, light, temperature, humidity, pH, and NPK level, the study constructed an IoT prototype. The researcher employed LoRa technology in transmitting collected data into the IoT gateway before uploading it to Firebase Realtime Database. The study also involved the development of a mobile application using Blynk IoT Framework and web interface for remote monitoring and control of irrigation and UV lighting system. Comparative analysis was conducted between Random Forest, KNN, and Naïve Bayes Algorithm in predicting planting sustainability based on available data. Based on the calculated Kappa of 0.9901, Random Forest demonstrated the highest level of accuracy with a "Almost Perfect" strength of agreement. Random forest was implemented using the RubixML library to enable the web interface to perform predictions of Planting Sustainability on data stored in the database. In the user evaluation test based on ISO25010 conducted by the researcher, the overall weighted mean for all criteria is 4.19, with an "Agree (A)" interpretation. This indicates that the developed system is of excellent quality, excelling in functionality, dependability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability.
Gerald Rich H. Sotto
This study explored the lived experiences, aspirations, and policy insights of Philippine National Police (PNP) personnel engaged in patrol operations across Zamboanga del Norte, focusing on Dipolog City, Dapitan City, and the 1st Provincial Mobile Force Company. Using a transcendental phenomenological design, ten patrol officers with at least five years of service participated in focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed through Braun and Clarke’s thematic framework. Findings revealed that policing is perceived not merely as employment but as a vocation rooted in public service and moral duty. Officers balance the demands of law enforcement with empathy, procedural fairness, and community engagement, despite operational constraints and occupational hazards. The study integrates procedural justice theory, occupational stress theory, and organizational culture framework to deepen understanding of how empathy, institutional support, and resilience interact within police practice. The findings extend criminological scholarship by linking frontline experiences to broader theoretical and policy implications, highlighting the need for mental health interventions, organizational reform, and comparative evaluation across regions to ensure responsive, humane, and accountable policing in the Philippines.
Ajero, C.M. U, Chigbo, U.N, Duruanyim Harrison, I. K, Ifeanyi, A, Ogbuji, T. O, Ukpabi, J. I
Air pollution is a major environmental health concern in Nigeria’s Niger Delta, where gas flaring and oil-related activities heighten community exposures. This study assessed both ambient air quality and the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of residents in Ebocha and Obrikom, Rivers State. Over seven weeks during the rainy season (April–May 2025), concentrations of PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, O₃, CO, NO₂, and SO₂ were measured using portable air quality monitors and compared with World Health Organization (WHO, 2021) guidelines. Mean concentrations were PM₂.₅: 8 µg/m³, PM₁₀: 25 µg/m³, O₃: 35 µg/m³, CO: 317 µg/m³, NO₂: 30 µg/m³, and SO₂: 5 µg/m³—all well within permissible limits and lower than values commonly reported in Nigerian urban centers. Alongside monitoring, a structured KAP survey was conducted among 187 respondents (98 in Ebocha and 89 in Obrikom). Awareness of air pollution was high (84%), and all respondents acknowledged health and environmental consequences. However, only 42% considered it a serious threat, and just 58% expressed willingness to act. Gender differences were evident: women reported higher daily exposure, while men were more likely to consider relocation or activism. These findings point to a gap between awareness and effective action, shaped by socioeconomic and cultural factors. Sustained year-round monitoring and community-based interventions are needed to reduce long-term risks in the Niger Delta.
FRC PATH, Wangai Kiama, MMed
This study aims to differentiate ethanol resulting from true alcohol consumption and ethanol synthesized postmortem by microorganisms in forensic cases. The research was conducted using vitreous humour (VH) samples from 100 road traffic accident (RTA) fatalities at the City Mortuary in Nairobi, Kenya, with a postmortem interval (PMI) ranging from 12 to 72 hours. Ethanol concentrations were quantified using validated forensic toxicological protocols, and microbial isolates were categorized based on their potential to produce ethanol. Of the 100 samples, 21% tested positive for ethanol. Among these, 50% showed microbial growth, with Klebsiella spp. and Clostridium spp. being the most frequent microbial isolates in ethanol-positive cases. Both of these microorganisms are known to produce ethanol through fermentation. These findings underscore the importance of integrating toxicological and microbiological analyses to differentiate between ethanol from antemortem consumption and postmortem microbial synthesis.
Masibayi Peter Situma
This study examines the impact of renewable energy consumption on Kenya’s agricultural sector from 1987 to 2023 using an ARDL model. Results reveal that renewable energy exerts initially negative but significant positive effects on agricultural output with lags of three to six years, reflecting the time required for irrigation, mechanization and storage systems to enhance productivity. Non-renewable energy shows negative short-term but positive lagged impacts, highlighting cost and efficiency trade-offs. Labour contributes positively in the short run but displays delayed negative effects, while gross capital formation displays mixed outcomes, indicating timing and efficiency challenges. The ECM model indicates a rapid adjustment toward long-run equilibrium by correcting 71.7% of disequilibrium annually. The F-Bounds testing confirms a stable long-run association and the diagnostic checks, normality, heteroskedasticity, serial correlation and CUSUM tests support the model’s robustness and reliability. The results of this study emphasize that the adoption of renewable energy delivers substantial delayed gains in agricultural growth and productivity, thereby emphasizing the need for sustained investment, proper implementation and maintenance of renewable energy infrastructure to drive and accelerate sustainable sectoral growth in Kenya while ensuring environmental preservation at the same time. This study therefore recommends aligning of Kenya’s agricultural energy transition with the Sustainable Development and Ecological modernization frameworks by integrating decentralized renewable energy systems into Vision 2030 and rural electrification interventions so as to boost productivity, resilience and environmental sustainability.
Aziz Ahmad, Spogmay Yousafzai, Syed Amir Ali Shah
Semiconductor manufacturing produces complex high-dimensional data datasets that contain mostly operational records and show product failure occurrences only in a limited portion. Several research studies use machine learning algorithms for predictive maintenance but very few address the issue of SECOM (imbalanced dataset) which contain up to 93% successful outcomes. This paper explains the existing research gap regarding imbalanced data of SECOM dataset and presents an integrated approach with innovative feature reduction and oversampling algorithms and model optimization methods. Our experiments involving the SECOM Semiconductor Manufacturing process dataset with an initial 591 features were reduced to 63 and processed by PCA which led to the Support Vector Classifier (SVC) producing the most accurate results at 98.6% while maintaining robust calibration. The visualization includes both a correlation heatmap showing related features and pie charts showing class distribution before and after data balancing techniques are applied. This research presents implications for predictive maintenance within semiconductor fabs together with future work recommendations.
Dr. Shyam Charan Barma
This study analyses Italy’s monthly data about health expenditure from January 2012 to October 2022, sourced from International Financial Statistics (IMF). Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) tests confirm the series is non-stationary at levels, exhibiting random walk behaviour, but achieves stationarity after first differencing, indicating integration of order one [Et ~ I(1)]. Regression analysis reveals a significant 12-month lagged effect, where a 1% increase in prior health expenditure growth raises the current growth rate by 0.19%, reflecting annual seasonality (e.g., fiscal budgets, winter health costs). The constant term indicates a robust 4.26% monthly growth rate, driven by Italy’s aging population, rising medical costs, and universal healthcare system (SSN), consistent with 8–9% of GDP spending. ARIMA forecasting shows a 0.284% increase in current growth per 1% prior growth, while GARCH(1,1) modelling indicates a marginally significant 0.169% effect from 5-month lagged growth and persistent volatility from shocks like COVID-19. The small value of R2 and insignificant F-stat. value suggested unmodeled factors (e.g., GDP, inflation) drive variability. The 2012–2022 period, marked by economic recovery and the pandemic, underscores volatility, necessitating refined models and flexible budgeting for Italy’s healthcare system.
Desmond Senguro, Emeka Walter Ndubuisi, Falmata M. Aliyu, Jarafu Umar Ngunupu, Wadai Smith
Pteleopsis habeensis (Aubrev ex Keay), which belongs to the family Combretaceae, is known as Lalen giwa in Hausa language in northern part of Nigeria of Sub Saharan Africa. The area of distribution of Pteleopsis habeensis is restricted to only a few regions: the Bandiagara escarpments in Mali (with the plant population possibly extending into Burkina Faso), the Akosombo and Bui regions in Ghana, and the Yankari Game Reserve and it immediate surroundings in Nigeria. The shrub is use for the treatment of malaria fever, stomach ache, Aphrodisiac and in the destruction of tumours. The leaves of Pteleopsis habeensis were collected from faculty of pharmacy medicinal plant garden University of Maiduguri Borno, Nigeria, in March 2020. The plant was authenticated at the department of biological sciences, University of Maiduguri Borno, Nigeria. Phytochemical screening of crude leaf extract of Pteleopsis habeensis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpinoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. The crude leaf Methanol and n-Butanol extracts of Pteleopsis habeensis exhibited antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp and the fungus Candida albican using disc diffusion method and broth dilution methods. The fungus Candida albican, showed the highest sensitivity to methanol extract with zone of inhibition 14 mm at 100mg/ml compared to it sensitivity to n-Butanol extract with zone of inhibition 10mm at 100mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory concentration is 12.5mg/ml for Methanol extract and 25mg/ml for n-Butanol extract. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the n-Butanol and Methanol crude extracts was carried out in vitro through the radical model DPPH, and the antioxidant capacity of the two extracts was measured based on their Percentage scavenging activity and IC50 concentration which corresponds to the concentration of the extracts capable of reducing the initial DPPH absorbance by 50%. The DPPH Assay showed high free radical scavenging activity of the extract that is comparable to Ascorbic acid. The percentage scarvenging activity of Methanol extract was higher than that of the n-Butanol extract in the DPPH assay. This study has therefore showed that Pteleopsis habeensis crude leaf extracts contains phytochemicals, has antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, hence a potential source of a candidate drug whose bioactive constituents can be isolated for pharmaceutical use.
; ADIGUN Adebunmi Oluyemi, AKINTOYE Jeremiah Abiola, FAJOBI Victor Oluwaseun, MORAKINYO Julianah Damola, OJURONGBE Olusola, OLAYINKA Adenike Titilayo, OLOWE Olugbenga Adekunle, OPALEYE Oluyinka Oladele, OYEKALE Adesola Oyekunle
Hepatitis C virus affects 5-15% of the 38 million people living with HIV globally. Individuals living with HIV are six times more likely to contract HCV than those without HIV. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with liver disease including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronically-infected persons. However, in HIV/HCV co-infected individuals, increased rate of progression to cirrhosis and HCC has been reported This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of HCV infection among HIV positive individuals attending the antiretroviral clinic, Oyo state general hospital, Ogbomoso. In this cross-sectional study, 392 individuals living with HIV were recruited for the study. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and qualitative screening was performed to detect the presence or absence of HCV antibodies in the blood samples using Rapid Diagnostics Test (Nantong Egens Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China.) according to the kit manufacturers instruction. HCV antibodies was not detected in any of the 392 samples, resulting in a seroprevalence rate of 0.0%. The gender distribution showed a higher percentage of female, with 71% female and 29% male participants. Marital status showed, 62.5% were married, 15.8% single, 17.9% widowed, and 3.8% divorced or separated. Additionally, 20.4% had undergone blood transfusion, 6.6% engaged in unprotected sex, and 1.5% reported intravenous drug use (IDU). This study found no evidence of HIV/HCV co-infection. This result may be attributed to the low prevalence of high-risk behaviors, as indicated by the 0.0% incarceration rate and the minimal proportion (1.5%) of intravenous drug users. However, the exclusive use of RDTs may underestimate true prevalence. Routine confirmatory screening using PCR or ELISA and continuous public health sensitization are recommended to prevent co-infection and improve outcomes.
Dr. Mahadevaswamy M.
The article attempts to analyze the state-wise area and production of sugarcane in India. Specifically, it examines the production process of sugarcane in Karnataka, focusing on key factors such as the cost of cultivation, crop duration, and price dependency. The study analyzed the production process of sugarcane in Karnataka with reference to factors such as cost of cultivation, crop duration, and price dependency. It also examined the marketing structure of sugarcane, highlighting the key roles played by sugar mills, jaggery units, and local markets in the distribution and sale of the produce. Furthermore, the article emphasized important price parameters, including the Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP), State Advised Price (SAP), and the issue of delayed payments to farmers. In addition, the study addressed multiple challenges faced by the sector—specifically production-related, marketing-related, industrial, and broader policy challenges affecting the sugarcane industry in India.
B. Lakshmi, G. Keerti Marita, M. Bala Krishna, Sandhya Cole
Glasses of the 20K2O - 5CdO - 60B2O3 -15SiO2 and (20-x) K2O - 5CdO - 60B2O3 - 15SiO2 - xV2O5 (where x = 0.1 to 0.5 mol %) KCBSi systems are prepared by melt quenching technique. Optical and structural properties of undoped glass, and glasses doped with VO2+ ions are examined. Their structural properties are determined with XRD, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Electron Spin Resonance spectra (ESR) and Optical absorption spectra. The ESR spectra of all the glass samples exhibit resonance signals characteristic of VO2+ ions. The values of spin-Hamiltonian parameters indicated that the VO2+ ion in KCdBSi glasses are present in octahedral sites with tetrahedral compression and belong to C4v symmetry. Spin-Hamiltonian parameters ‘g’ and ‘A’ are calculated from their Ultra Violet edges. IR spectra of these glasses are analysed in order of each component to the local structure. The physical parameters are also evaluated.
Esther Oluwadamilola Adejola, Grace Temitope Akingbade, Toluwase Solomon Olawuyi
Background: Cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) is a pervasive environmental neurotoxin known to induce nitrosative stress, disrupt neuronal signaling, and trigger apoptotic pathways in the brain. Objective: This study explored the neuroprotective potential of Launaea taraxacifolia aqueous extract against CdCl₂-induced hippocampal and cortical injury, emphasizing nitric oxide (NO) dysregulation and Bax-mediated apoptosis in Wistar rats. Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of eight animals. For 21 consecutive days, Group I received distilled water orally; Group II received cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) at a dose of 5 mg/kg orally; Group III received Launaea taraxacifolia aqueous extract (LTAE) at 400 mg/kg orally; while Group IV received 5 mg/kg of CdCl₂ followed by 400 mg/kg of LTAE orally. Biochemical analysis (NO) and Bax immunostaining were performed to assess CdCl2-induced hippocampal and cortical damage. Results: There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in NO activity and overexpression of Bax in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of Wistar rats that received CdCl2. However, these changes were significantly (p<0.05) reversed by reduced NO activity and Bax expression in rats that received LTAE as a co-treatment with CdCl2 when compared with the CdCl2-treated rats. Conclusion: These findings suggest that L. taraxacifolia provides neuroprotection by mitigating nitrosative stress and apoptosis through modulation of NO signaling and Bax-mediated pathways. Keywords: Cadmium Chloride, Launaea taraxacifolia, Cerebral cortex, Hippocampus
Dr. Dewi Nurnindyah., M.Si., Psikolog, Dr. Rr. Amanda Pasca Rini, S.Psi., M.Si., Rahma Trias Kusuma Wardhani, S.Psi
The community of skydiver Indonesian woman navy has been active again since 2023 and consist of 29 members (27 novice and 2 senior members). Based on interviews with trainer and senior members, data shows that there are three psychological problems that hinder the readiness of first-time jumpers for skydiver Indonesian woman navy community. First, anxiety marked by symptoms of nervousness, lack of attention, and restlessness during simulations due to uncertainty about the first experience, fear of failure, and social pressure. Second, a lack of self-confidence, hesitation to take initiative, comparing oneself with more skilled peers, and doubting personal competence, which reduces technical performance. Third, emotional tension marked by symptoms of nausea, fear, difficulty sleeping, and the difficulty of managing negative emotions potentially triggering technical mistakes during jumps. Therefore, psychological assistance needs to be provided for 27 novice parachutists in Indonesian navy woman skydive community to enhance their ability to manage emotions and stress positively, especially during their first jump. Before the intervention, data was collected from novice parachutists using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X2, Indonesian version) to assess the level of anxiety in facing their first jump. The approach used to improve emotional stabilization skills was through interventions in the form of psychoeducation activities and relaxation exercises for 27 novice parachutists. The results showed an increase in knowledge regarding emotional stabilization, and participants understood that stress did not always have negative connotation. Additionally, all participants successfully performed independent jumps smoothly and without injury.
Dr. Chattu Mondal
In our traditional education period or nature of formal education, college level education is higher level of education. In this stage every individual tries to fulfill their dreams through higher education. So, the present study tries to find out Psychological Well Being among College Going Students in the respect of gender, caste and family monthly income. In order to perform this study, a descriptive survey method was suggested. The Psychological Well Being Scale (PWS) is a standardized questionnaire that the researcher utilized to gather pertinent data from 200 students as samples. Parametric statistics were used for analyzed the data. The findings indicated that there was no significant mean variation among the students’ psychological well-being.
Biman Mitra
The rise of the Bengali novel in the nineteenth century was deeply intertwined with the social, cultural, and intellectual transformations of colonial Bengal. Among its earliest pioneers, Pyarichand Mitra (1814– 1883) occupies a seminal place as the author of Alaler Gharer Dulal (1857), widely regarded as the first Bengali novel in prose fiction. This research paper examines Pyarichand Mitra’s contribution to the emergence of the Bengali novel as both a literary form and a cultural intervention. It explores how his narrative style, use of colloquial language, and engagement with contemporary social realities initiated a decisive break from earlier literary traditions dominated by myth, poetry, and religious discourse. By situating Pyarichand Mitra’s work within the broader context of Bengal’s literary renaissance and colonial modernity, the paper argues that he not only inaugurated a new genre but also articulated the aspirations, anxieties, and contradictions of a society in transition. Pyarichand Mitra’s role, therefore, transcends that of a solitary innovator; he becomes a representative figure through whom the evolution of modern Bengali prose and the shaping of a national literary identity can be understood.
Anthony Okhifo, Brume J. Egere
The study investigated the quality of effluent discharge from a food industry in a Port Harcourt suburb in Rivers State, Nigeria. The food industry is engaged in noodle pasta and vegetable oil production. The discharged effluent is channeled to a neighboring marshland about 220m away from the factory. The purpose of this study is to analyze the critical parameters of the food industry effluent in order to determine its pollution potential, and also assess its possible effect on the ecosystem. Standard test methods such as the APHA (American Public Health Association) and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) methods were used to conduct the tests. Parameters examined were pH, conductivity, BOD, COD, SO42-, Cl-, PO43-, Oil and grease, NO32-, Turbidity, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni. The data obtained from these analyses were used in assessing compliance with regulatory limits and identifying specific pollutants requiring targeted remediation. High values of oil and grease content were recorded both in the effluent (700.5±53.2mg/l) and in the recipient soil (3107±137mg/l) which were extremely above the WHO/NESREA acceptable limit of 10mg/l. The high values of the oil and grease were attributed to the absence of oil-water separator in the effluent treatment process. The mean values of BOD (34.42±9.7mg/l) and COD (153.4±42.4mg/l) were slightly higher than the WHO/NESREA acceptable limit of 30 and 150mg/l respectively. The control was however within the acceptable limit with recorded values as 28.0±5.4mg/l and 110±24.6 mg/l respectively. This indicates the presence of high organic load and a proof that the recipient environment is impacted. All the heavy metals tested in the effluent except Fe (0.77±0.25mg/l) were below the WHO/NESREA acceptable limit of ≤0.3mg/l. The discharged effluents were generally acidic which was indicated by low pH values with a mean of 5.09±0.6. Turbidity mean values was 40.3±8.5 NTU and these were above the regulatory limit of 5-10NTU. The general physical state of the effluent was turbid with whitish suspension or translucent with oily suspension on the surface. This indicated a poor treatment of the effluent. Effluent monitoring and treatment are necessary if the environment will be spared of the dangers. This paper, therefore, recommends that the food processing industry should effectively treat its effluents before disposal.
Kwashabawa, Bala Bokwai, Olawuyi, Ezekiel Babatunde
This study examined quality control strategies and administrative effectiveness in federal universities in North-West Zone, Nigeria. The study adopted correlational Research Design. Three objectives and three research questions were raised to guide the study. Three null hypotheses were tested at α≤ 0.05 levels of significance. Two instruments: Quality Control Strategies Questionnaire (QCSQ) and Administrative Effectiveness Questionnaire (AEQ) were adapted. The instruments were validated by experts from the Department of Educational Foundations and Faculty of Education and Extension Services. The instruments exhibited reliability coefficients of 0.75 and 0.79.Population of the study comprised of 15,700 staff of Federal Universities in North-West Zone, Nigeria with a sample size of 390 respondents proportionately drawn for the study. Null hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The findings of the study revealed low level of quality control strategies, no significant and positive relationship between Quality Control Strategies and Administrative Effectiveness in Federal Universities in North-West Zone, Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study recommended that university management should revisit their programme planning processes, ensuring that plans are realistic, data-driven, and aligned with administrative objectives as well as regularly reviewing progress, collecting feedback, and using monitoring data to inform decision-making to ensure administrative effectiveness in federal universities in North –West Zone, Nigeria.
Dr. Uma Sheokand
Teaching has become one of the most psychologically demanding professions in the 21st century, particularly within policy-driven education systems. The present study investigates how everyday (quotidian) job stress interacts with intrinsic job appreciation to shape occupational well-being among Indian school teachers. Anchored in Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, the study adopts a sequential explanatory mixed-method design integrating quantitative survey analysis (χ² and p-values) with qualitative thematic interpretation. Findings reveal that moderate job stress coexists with strong intrinsic job appreciation, indicating a complex adaptive process rather than simple burnout. Age emerged as a moderating variable: teachers over 40 reported significantly lower stress than those in the 31–40 range, who experienced heavier administrative and instructional responsibilities. Policy-driven hygiene factors, such as biometric attendance and rigid supervisory protocols, were identified as primary stress inducers. Conversely, intrinsic motivators—such as student progress, self-efficacy, and moral purpose—functioned as psychological buffers sustaining occupational health. The study contributes to occupational health psychology by extending Herzberg’s framework from job satisfaction to stress resilience. It emphasizes that enhancing teacher well-being requires a systemic balance between accountability mechanisms and psychological recognition.
B. Likhith Kumar Reddy, D.V.N Sriram, Dr. Ramesh S, K. Dinesh Kumar Reddy
In this paper we presents a complete model to predict Real Estate prices with high efficiency through Machine Learning (ML) and Data Analytics approach. The model data is based on the large-scale real estate property data containing structural, locational and environmental elements to become the basics of price variation predictors. We pre-processed, feature engineered and analysed 50,000 Land Registry compliant datasets using a variety of machine learning models - Linear Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost and ANN. Random Forest had the best predective capacity with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 2.63 lakhs and R² value of 0.8732 which indicates a high generalisation ability and is very strong. This paper suggests that the challenge of real estate pricing can be addressed by using data-driven analytics, ensemble learning and intelligent feature engineering. The results also indicate the effectiveness of the advanced ML to both the real-world real estate valuation and market forecasting, in addition decision making in property investment.
C. Prapulla, Ms. E. Honey
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune polyneuropathy causing progressive weakness, loss of reflexes, and sensory or autonomic dysfunction. It often follows Campylobacter jejuni infection due to molecular mimicry between microbial and nerve antigens. GBS affects 1–2 per 100,000 people annually, mainly males and older adults. Subtypes include AIDP, AMAN, AMSAN, and Miller Fisher syndrome. Diagnosis relies on clinical signs, CSF analysis, and nerve conduction studies. Early treatment with IVIG or plasma exchange improves outcomes, though some patients face lasting disability or death. Supportive care, physiotherapy, and new immunotherapies enhance recovery, while infection prevention helps reduce risk.
Daniel Chukwuma Nzereogu, Umoru Grema Baizan
This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent and emerging research on climate change from 2024 to 2025, with a particular emphasis on Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa. It highlights key global trends such as oceanic and cryospheric changes, attribution science, and emissions-related feedbacks. In the regional context, the paper delves into six major thematic areas: urban heat island effects, climate-related health risks, agricultural vulnerability, coastal degradation, climate-induced migration, and renewable energy transitions. It identifies persistent challenges such as data gaps, policy-research disconnects, and the underrepresentation of gendered and behavioral perspectives in climate studies. The review underscores the urgency for localized, interdisciplinary research and proposes actionable recommendations aimed at bridging knowledge gaps and supporting evidence-based adaptation and mitigation strategies in vulnerable regions.
Hanis Diyana Kamarudin, Nur Amiera Idayu Ronzi, Nur Hazirah Suhaimi
The landscape of traditional employment structures is undergoing a transformation due to the advancements in technology. Consequently, there is a surge in the number of individuals who are using digital technologies and information to create value. This trend has given rise to information entrepreneurship, which offers a unique career path for those seeking alternative options in the dynamic job market. The objective of this systematic literature review (SLR) is to explore entrepreneurship as a career choice in developing nations. The study ex-amines the challenges, benefits, and opportunities associated with information entrepreneurship in the present job market. The research papers were carefully selected by applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure the review's comprehensiveness. The primary aim of this SLR is to enhance the current understanding of infopreneurial career paths in the contemporary job market by critically analyzing the chosen literature. It intends to provide in-depth insights into the complex aspects of these career paths, which can be highly valua-ble to policymakers, researchers, and the general public.
Dr. Daniel Kitonga, Dr. Lucy Njiru, Judith Lukaka
Healthcare professionals face demanding work environments that can contribute to burnout and influence job satisfaction. This study investigated the relationship between job satisfaction and burnout syndrome among healthcare personnel at Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital in Nairobi County, Kenya. Guided by Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory (1959) and the Burnout Multidimensional Model by Maslach and Jackson (1981), the study employed a quantitative correlational design. Data were collected through a census approach using the Job Satisfaction Survey and the Maslach Burnout Inventory from 227 healthcare personnel across various professional categories. Findings showed that 95.6% of participants reported neutral job satisfaction, while burnout levels were high across emotional exhaustion (48.9%), depersonalization (57.3%), and low personal accomplishment (72.2%). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a weak, non-significant negative relationship between job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion (r = –.071, p < .001), a small significant negative relationship with depersonalization (r = –.23, p < .001), and a small significant positive relationship with personal accomplishment (r = .172, p < .01). These results align with global studies that demonstrate a negative association between job satisfaction and burnout. The study emphasizes the need for workplace support systems and self-care initiatives to promote the mental health of healthcare personnel.
Dr. Jeremiah Mulinge Kawinzi, Dr. Phoestine Naliaka Simiyu
The purpose of this study was to examine the status of resource preparedness for the implementation of Competence-Based Education (CBE) in public Secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. The study examined the teacher preparedness, resources availability and physical infrastructure for the implementation of CBE in Makueni County, Kenya. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. The study targeted a population of 210 public junior secondary schools comprising 600 junior school teachers and 210 heads of institutions and 25 curriculum Support officers (CSOs). Simple random sampling was used to sample 21 public secondary schools. Two teachers were randomly selected from each school. All the heads of institutions and curriculum support officers were purposively selected representing 70 percent and 100 percent respectively. The researcher administered questionnaires to the respondents to collect data. The data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The analyzed data was presented using pie charts. From the study finding, it was found that 92 percent of the head teachers indicated that junior school teachers are not adequately prepared to implement the competence based education while 8 percent of the head teachers indicated that junior school teachers are adequately prepared to teaching CBE in junior schools. The study findings also indicates that 98.23 of the junior schools teachers revealed that junior schools domiciled in primary schools are do not have adequate resources. . 96 percent of the CSOs indicated that junior schools do not have enough teachers to teach all the learning areas. They also indicated that the junior schools do not have adequate resources to effectively implement the CBE. 4 Percent of the CSOs indicated that few schools had enough resources and enough junior school teachers. To address this issues this study recommends that junior schools should source for the necessary resources like smart phones, computers, laptops, swimming pools, music and art studio, sports materials, chairs and tables, internet connectivity so as to help teacher implement the CBE effectively. The ministry of education and TSC should enhance teacher training through workshops, seminars retooling and CEMASE so as to equip the teachers with the necessary skills and competences required in teaching of CBE. The ministry of education should also train teachers to handle learning areas lacking teachers like creative art, pre-technical, and music. The study also recommends for similar studies to be conducted in other regions in Kenya so as to generalize the findings of the state of teaching and learning resources in junior schools and the teachers preparedness in implementing the competence based education.
Dr. Idowu Mobolaji Ajike, Kolurejo John Olushola
The stability and financial performance of insurance companies are critical to economic development, one of the key regulatory tools used to ensure the soundness and solvency of insurance firms is Risk-Based Capital (RBC), which require insurers to hold capital proportionate to the specific risks they face. This study investigates the impact of RBC on the financial performance of insurance companies in Nigeria, with a focus on three core performance indicators: Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), and Earnings per Share (EPS). The study adopted an ex-post facto research design and applied judgmental sampling to select five insurance companies operating in Nigeria. Panel data were extracted from the audited financial statements of these companies over a 14-year period (2010–2023). Using panel data regression techniques, the Random Effects Model was employed to estimate the relationship between RBC and firm performance across the selected indicators. The empirical results revealed that RBC has a positive and statistically significant effect on EPS at the 5% level of significance (β = 5.5803; p = 0.0210), implying that increased capital adequacy, when aligned with risk exposures, enhances shareholder value through improved earnings per share. However, the effect of RBC on ROE (β = 0.2411; p = 0.6250) and ROA (β = 0.6003; p = 0.4411) was found to be negative and statistically insignificant, suggesting that while RBC may contribute to capital stability, it does not necessarily lead to higher profitability or better asset utilization in the short term. The study concludes that RBC has differentiated effects across financial performance metrics and should not be viewed merely as a compliance requirement. Rather, insurance firms should strategically align capital adequacy practices with broader financial performance goals. The study recommends that insurance companies adopt risk-sensitive capital management practices as a tool for strengthening long-term value creation and investor confidence.
Albert N Eteudo, CE Ofor, Chijioke Stanley Anyigor-Ogah, Chukwuemeka Otakpo, Clinton O Njoku, Ewunonu Edwin Ojims, Ofobuike Benedict Nweke, Okechukwu Anyigor-Ogah, Tochukwu Kenneth Onwe
Background and Objective. Cadmium remains the most pervasive and toxic pollutants which interferes with the endocrine function of the testes, thereby affecting testosterone synthesis, which is critical for maintaining male reproductive systems. This study investigated the role of Daucus carota ethanol leaf extract (DCELE) on cadmium induced toxicity in testicular cells of wistar rats. Methods: Forty (40) adult male Wistar rats weighing 145-178kg were randomly divided into five groups (n= 8). Group A (control) received normal rat feed and water ad libitum. Group B received single dose of 8mg/kg body weight cadmium chloride (CdCl2 only. Group C received 8mg/kg CdCl2 and a dose of 100mg/kg of DCELE. Group D received 8mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 and 200mg/kg of DCELE. Group E received 8mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 and 400mg/kg of DCELE twice daily. All treatments were administered through oral gavage for 28 days. Blood sample was collected using retro-orbital venous plexus puncture before sacrifice by cervical dislocation, for biochemical analysis Results: Cadmium exposure significantly increased oxidative stress by increasing MDA and ROS while decreasing SOD, CAT and testosterone levels. Treatment with DCELE improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced lipid peroxidation, with DCELE co-treatment restoring SOD, CAT and testosterone level, reducing testicular oxidative stress and demonstrated improved testicular integrity. Results revealed that cadmium exposure when compared to control groups A is significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cadmium exposure significantly lowered antioxidant defense capacity and decreased circulating levels of testosterone. The DCELE could be a treatment strategy for individuals at risk of cadmium exposure, and an effective intervention for cadmium-induced toxicity in testicular tissue and potentially improving reproductive health
Charles Ombuki, Josephat M. Kiweu, Mildred Amugune
Financial inclusion has emerged as a central pillar of global development, yet disparities persist among vulnerable populations especially rural women in developing countries. Despite Kenya’s impressive 84.7% financial inclusion rate, many rural women remain excluded from meaningful participation in the formal financial system. This paper examines the role of rural women’s perspectives and financial literacy in digital financial inclusion in Kenya. Using data from 961 respondents collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study finds that rural women’s perspectives have a significant positive effect (β = 0.433, R² = 0.187) on financial inclusion. The findings reveal that while 94% of respondents perceive digital finance as beneficial, only 12% feel safe using it, and 77% have not received any formal financial training. These results highlight that psychological and perceptual barriers trust, safety, and literacy play a decisive role in shaping financial behavior. Grounded in the Vulnerable Group Theory, the study concludes that shifting perceptions through gender-sensitive financial literacy programs, confidence-building mechanisms, and consumer protection measures is essential for equitable and sustainable financial inclusion.
Acheampong George Gyimah, Ntiamoah Ebenezer
Street food vending is a common economic and social activity in developing countries; however, it poses potential risks to public health if proper hygiene practices are not followed. This study assessed the safety of street foods and consumer preferences in Ghana through a survey of food vendors using simple random sampling. Data collected were analyzed by tallying the respondents to each question item and percentage of responses. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26. From the data collected and analyzed, 98% of the responds knew the essence of medical screening while 2% did not know of its importance. 16% of food vendors served food with bare hands whilst 84% served food with ladle. The findings also revealed that 78% wash their hands with soap and water before and after handling food, 20% wash their hands with water only and 2% does not wash their hands at all. Again 96% cover their head before serving food while the remaining 4% does not cover their head. 98% protects food from flies and dust in other to prevent contamination whilst the remaining 2% partially covers it. The findings highlight that, although most vendors demonstrate awareness of food hygiene practices, a small proportion still fail to adhere to basic standards. Therefore, there is a pressing need for stricter enforcement of hygiene regulations, regular medical screening, and continuous education of food vendors to safeguard consumer health and ensure food safety in Ghana.
Dr. Jins Mathew
Kerala, an Indian state in the south, is highly renowned for having high human development indices, especially in the areas of education and health. Notwithstanding these successes, the state still has serious housing problems, especially for its low-income citizens. Public housing for low-income individuals is an important sector in which the state has made significant investments. Kerala has gone a long way in terms of sheltering its impoverished citizens. Numerous initiatives, like as the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), have been successfully used to build thousands of houses. Launched in 2017, the LIFE Mission seeks to house every homeless family by 2024. The state has been building homes and apartments as part of its aim, making sure that necessities like power, water, and sanitary facilities are available. The demand for affordable housing still outpaces the supply despite these efforts. Due to increased urbanisation and population expansion, shortages are particularly acute in metropolitan areas. Even if they have more room, rural communities still struggle with connection and infrastructure. This article looks at Kerala's low-income public housing situation as it stands now, the satisfaction on the physical facilities of the dwelling unit, the difficulties it faces, and possible solutions for sustainable growth.
Henry B. Palmones Jr.
Service-learning is a teaching method that requires linking community service to academic application to create a procedural way through which students relate the theoretical aspects of learning in the classroom with actual applications and to meet the identified specific needs of the local communities while Sustainable Development Goals 17 (SDG 17) emphasizes partnerships for the cooperation of people and organizations to mobilize resources, knowledge, skills, and resources to advance sustainable development goals. Both programs have a common goal: to develop sustainable development for the community. This qualitative research utilized thematic and content analysis together with qualitative document analysis (QDA) to assess the role of the Senior High School Service Learning Program (SHSSLP) of De La Salle University Laguna (DLSU Laguna) in promoting sustainable communities. Documents that were examined include syllabi of courses and guidelines of the program, descriptions of the projects, partnership agreements, journals of the students, and evaluation forms of the community partners. These documents provided an overall picture of the SHSSLP on how it approached engaging with the communities, the collaborative experiences of stakeholders, and the program's alignment with SDG 17 principles, which entails strengthening partnerships for implementation, innovative technological support, and resource mobilization. The progress reports and post-implementation evaluations provided additional information on achieving the program's outcomes and assessing its effectiveness after the implementation. The results and findings show that the DLSU Laguna’s SHSSLP helps in enabling effective community engagement, sharing knowledge and mutual learning, promoting effective resolution of organizational and community challenges, promoting capacity building and resilience in communities, and supporting the achievement of SDG 17, with its implications that the community partners describe the organization as an indispensable foundation for fostering service-learning with the DLSU Laguna SHSSLP. Through service-learning as a component of the academic program, the community partners could access institutional resources while the students and faculty learned from local perspectives. This qualitative document analysis of the SHSSLP at DLSU Laguna provides valuable insights into the university's efforts to foster sustainable community partnerships aligned with SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals.
Prof. T. T. Basavanagouda, Rajani. A
Tribal populations in India represent a significant segment of socio-cultural diversity, yet they remain among the most socio-economically marginalized groups. Understanding their demographic and social profiles is crucial for developing effective policies and interventions. This cross-sectional study examined the socio-demographic characteristics of two tribal communities in Karnataka: the Jenu Kuruba, categorized as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), and the Hakki Pikki, a Scheduled Tribe (ST). Data were collected from a total of 430 adults (Jenu Kuruba: 210; Hakki Pikki: 220) as part of a doctoral field study conducted in selected tribal hamlets. Using a structured schedule, information was gathered on demographic, educational, occupational, economic, and infrastructural parameters. The findings revealed substantial inter-tribal differences. The Jenu Kuruba community had a higher proportion of illiterates and individuals engaged in daily wage labor, reflecting limited access to education and occupational mobility. In contrast, the HakkiPikki showed a relatively higher level of literacy and greater engagement in small businesses and self-employment, indicating exposure to semi-urban economies. Household infrastructure indicators, such as sanitation, access to safe drinking water, and the use of clean cooking fuel, were comparatively better among the HakkiPikki. The results highlight the persistence of socio-economic vulnerability among the Jenu Kuruba and a gradual transition among the Hakki Pikki toward improved living standards. These findings underscore the importance of tribe-specific development strategies and culturally sensitive policy planning to address disparities among Karnataka’s tribal communities.
Jin-Myong Hwang, Jin-Song Kim, Kum-Song Ri, Pyong-Suk Ri, Yong-Kyong Kim
Brushless DC motors are employed in wide variety of applications including aerospace, robotics, healthcare and so on due to their advantages such as high operating life, high efficiency, high dynamic response. This paper describes speed control system of BLDC motor in Automatic Guided Vehicle using Fuzzy PID controller. The signal obtained from Hall-effect sensor of the motor can be analyzed to measure velocity of the robot. Fuzzy PID controller with high speed response characteristic and robustness is designed to maintain velocity of the robot. Thus workpieces on the robot don’t fall down under the several conditions such as setting off and stopping of the robot and sudden load variation. Using designed FPID controller, we can calculate output voltage and drive BLDC motor by using Pulse Width Modulation method. Several simulations using MATLAB are taken to assessment the advantages of the proposed method. This control system reveals high speed response characteristics and reliability in running operation especially under the varying load condition.
Peter Ezeah, Queeneth Okafor
The need to explore the nexus between spousal communication and family planning utilization especially in the developing world cannot be overemphasized. Studies show limited male involvement in family planning programs in the developing worlds including Nigeria. Which negatively affects spousal communication about family planning activities leading to low family planning utilization. Few researches have been carried out on spousal communication and family planning utilization among couples in the study area. This is the gap in knowledge which this study filled. The study investigated Spousal communication and family planning utilization among couples in Anambra state using cross-sectional survey design. The Health Belief Model provided the framework for the study. The target population for this paper is 2,049,924 married men and women in the study area, Using Taro Yamane formula to derive the sample size of 400 respondents for this study, also hypothesis was tested using the Chi-Square ( x2) statistics. Structured questionnaires and In-depth interviews comprised the instruments for the data collection. Findings show that, family planning is not optimal in the study area, as only a few respondents are using both medical and non-medical methods of family planning, especially the Billings ovulation method probably due to religious beliefs. On the other hand, spousal communication about family planning issues was found to be in limited practice. Family planning utilization was found to be higher among couples that engage in family planning communication. There should be intensive sensitization programs on family planning programs and strengthening spousal communication in the study area. Also, male involvement in family planning should be encouraged.
J. Nayeem, M. A. Salek, M. Humayun Kabir
This abstract provides a summary of a study that employs mathematical modeling to analyze a dual-strain tuberculosis (TB) structure in Bangladesh, focusing on the identification of drug-resistant (DR) and drug-susceptible (DS) strains. The model features a distinctive element known as "amplification," which illustrates how insufficient treatment of DR TB can arise from the management of DS TB. Utilizing both analytical and numerical techniques, the research investigates the disease's dynamics and its potential long-term implications. The primary findings indicate that the long-term dynamics of TB within a population are influenced by the basic reproduction numbers for each strain, referred to as R_0 and R_0 r. The disease tends to naturally decline when there are fewer cases compared to a single growth rate. Conversely, if R_0 exceeds both R_0 and one, DR TB will continue to exist while DS TB is eradicated. If R_0 surpasses R_0 and one, both strains will persist together. Additionally, the research conducted an analysis of vulnerability to identify the key factors impacting the disease's transmission rate. It was determined that the transmission rates (β_s and β_r) of both strains significantly influence the progression of the illness. This underscores the necessity for public health initiatives to focus on strategies that minimize interactions between infected and uninfected individuals, such as educating patients on respiratory safety and enhancing ventilation systems. Another critical factor is the treatment rate (τ_s and τ_r). The social implications of this study are considerable, suggesting that an effective approach for nations like Bangladesh is to improve treatment accessibility by lowering costs through universal healthcare. Timely and appropriate treatment of DS TB is the most effective method to mitigate resistance development, while adequate management of DR TB is crucial to prevent its proliferation within the population.
Egbebike, M. O., Ezeagu, C. A., Iyeke, S. D.
Traffic signalized intersections form crucial control nodes in urban networks, where fluctuations in vehicle arrival rates during peak periods often produce extended delays and unreliable performance. Traditional deterministic design approaches, based on mean hourly volumes, fail to represent short-term variability inherent in real-world traffic conditions. This paper presents a stochastic reliability analysis framework to quantify the effect of Peak Hour Factor (PHF) variability on intersection delay performance, integrating field traffic data from Palm Beach and Broward Counties, Florida. Using Monte Carlo simulation, delay probability distributions were generated, and key reliability metrics-including the probability of failure (Pf) and reliability index (β)-were evaluated for both morning (AM) and evening (PM) peaks. Results revealed that intersections with low PHF (< 0.80) exhibited higher probabilities of exceeding the critical 55 s/veh delay threshold, with PM peaks showing Pf ≈ 0.39 and β = 0.28, compared to AM Pf ≈ 0.27 and β = 0.61. Incorporating additional uncertainties-arrival-type randomness and saturation flow variability-increased unreliability by approximately 15%. The proposed framework demonstrates that reliability-based modeling provides a more realistic, risk-informed foundation for traffic signal timing, design evaluation, and urban mobility planning.
Srilekha S
Medical equipment maintenance in healthcare facilities requires strategic prioritization to optimize resource allocation and ensure patient safety. This study presents a novel approach for stratifying medical equipment using K-means clustering algorithm combined with optimized maintenance scheduling. A comprehensive dataset of 1,973 medical equipment from X Hospital, Chennai, was analyzed using features including purchase cost, downtime, usage patterns, and preventive maintenance costs. The clustering algorithm successfully stratified equipment into three priority categories: High Priority (658 equipment, 33.4%), Medium Priority (657 equipment, 33.3%), and Low Priority (658 equipment, 33.4%). The silhouette score of 0.154 indicates reasonable clustering validity. Optimized maintenance scheduling based on priority stratification resulted in estimated annual cost savings of Rs. 1,580,337 (4.26% reduction) and downtime reduction of 20,207 days (17.1% improvement). High-priority equipment received monthly preventive maintenance intervals (30 days), medium-priority equipment received bi-monthly intervals (60 days), and low-priority equipment received quarterly intervals (90 days). The implementation requires 14,470 annual PM activities, 59,194 inspections, and 4,604 calibrations, totaling 79,584 maintenance hours annually. The study demonstrates that data-driven equipment stratification can significantly improve maintenance efficiency and reduce operational costs in healthcare settings.
Dr. Priti A. Patel, Pranav H. Desai
The growing demand for sustainable building materials has motivated significant research into alternative cementitious binders. Corn Cob Ash (CCA), an agricultural by-product rich in silica, has potential as a partial cement replacement in concrete. This study investigates the mechanical performance of M20 concrete incorporating CCA at replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of cement. Compressive strength was evaluated at 7, 28, 56, and 90 days. Results indicate a gradual reduction in strength with increasing CCA content, although mixes containing up to 20% CCA demonstrated comparable strength development to conventional concrete. Additionally, a multi-output Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict compressive strength at different curing ages using mix parameters as input features. The ANN architecture (16-8-4) was trained using Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation due to limited experimental samples. The model achieved satisfactory prediction capability, demonstrating the feasibility of machine learning for strength forecasting in sustainable concrete systems. The findings suggest that CCA can be used as a partial cement replacement up to 20% without significant compromise in strength, contributing to eco-friendly and resource-efficient construction.
Chol Jong, Il Jin Kim, Jae Myong Ri, Kum Hyok Choe, Yong Nam Kim
This study aims to analyze the impact of the sub-working layer width on the drilling performance of Sandwich-type Impregnated Diamond Bit (SIDB) in extra-hard, compact and weakly abrasive rock formation called the slipping formation and determine the appropriate sub-working layer width for improving the drilling performance. In this study, the rock-cutting simulation using Particle Flow Code in Three Dimension (PFC3D) software based on the discrete element method, the field drilling test and the particle-size analysis of the cuttings produced during the drilling were carried out. The results of the rock-cutting simulation using PFC3D indicate that the distance between two cutters clearly affect the cutting efficiency and the appropriate sub-working layer width for improving the drilling performance is 1.25mm. For the field drilling test, SIDB of Φ59/41 mm with the sub-working layer width of 1.25mm was manufactured and applied to the quartzite formation of Ongjin mining area. The result of field drilling test shows that the rate of penetration (ROP) and the drilling footage are 1.05m/h and 10.8m, respectively, and are 3-5 times bigger than those of the conventional bit. The particle-size of the cuttings produced during the drilling ranges from 34.5-108.6 μm, which is much larger than that of the conventional bit. This indicates that the rock-breaking mode is clearly transferred from micro-cutting mode to the combination mode of micro-cutting and volumetric-breaking. This study has proposed a new design approach to effectively overcome the slipping formation.
Mahfuza Mallika
Data Mining (DM) constitutes a fundamental stage in the Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) process, emphasizing the systematic analysis of large-scale datasets to uncover meaningful patterns, trends, and relationships. As data continues to grow in volume and complexity, the application of advanced analytical techniques has become essential for transforming raw data into actionable knowledge. DM employs a range of methods to address analytical challenges, including classification algorithms, association rule mining, and neural network approaches. This study investigates the effectiveness of various classification algorithms namely: ID3, C4.5, J48 and the general Decision Tree methodology in solving classification problems within data mining tasks. A benchmark dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository is utilized to illustrate the practical application of these algorithms. The WEKA software tool is employed for data preprocessing, model development, and performance evaluation through metrics such as accuracy and predictive power. The experimental results highlight the capability of classification techniques to categorize data points efficiently and extract valuable insights. Overall, the study underscores the critical role of classification-based data mining techniques in enhancing knowledge discovery and supporting informed decision-making across diverse domains.
Azlina Rahim, Enylina Nordin, Mohd Mas Rizat Abdul Latif, Mohd Tarmizi Ibrahim, Muhammad Syukri Abdullah, Vani Tanggamani, Wan Shafizah Hussain
This conceptual paper critically examines the evolution and implementation of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) frameworks across selected ASEAN countries namely Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand through a qualitative comparative analysis. The study aims to uncover the structural, institutional and policy-driven dynamics shaping ESG practices within the region, highlighting both progress and persistent challenges. Findings reveal Thailand as the regional frontrunner, driven by its integrated Bio-Circular-Green (BCG) Economy model that embeds sustainability into national policy and industry strategy. Malaysia and Indonesia possess relatively well-established regulatory frameworks, yet continue to face persistent challenges in enforcement, corporate readiness and stakeholder participation. Vietnam, on the other hand, demonstrates strong governmental commitment but slower adoption at the corporate level, largely due to limited institutional capacity and awareness. The comparative analysis underscores that ASEAN’s collective progress in advancing ESG principles depends on harmonizing regional standards, strengthening institutional capacity and enhancing corporate governance mechanisms. Common challenges across the region include insufficient technical expertise, inconsistent policy enforcement and high compliance costs, all of which continue to constrain the effective and widespread adoption of ESG practices. The paper argues that regional collaboration, knowledge sharing and capacity-building initiatives are essential to bridge the gap between policy and practice. Ultimately, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of ASEAN’s ESG trajectory and highlights the need for cohesive strategies to position the region as a sustainable and resilient economic bloc in the global landscape.
Khairi Khalid, Md Yusof Hamid, Wan Samsul Zamani Wan Hamdan
This systematic literature review discusses the myriad challenges hindering environmental sustainability in Malaysian public universities. As institutions responsible for educating future leaders and advancing innovation, universities play a pivotal role in addressing the problem of global environmental degradation. This paper synthesizes current literature on the main environmental challenges faced by these institutions, including waste management, energy consumption, water resource management, and loss of biodiversity. Furthermore, it explores policy structures and sustainable practices currently in place, highlights the vital roles of each stakeholder, and demonstrates best practices through relevant case studies, including Universiti Malaya, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Universiti Putra Malaysia, and Universiti Teknologi MARA. In addition, the review identifies significant barriers to implementing sustainable practices, including budget constraints, lack of awareness, and resistance to change. Based on these findings, the article suggests future directions toward integrating sustainability into academic programs, fostering collaborative research activities, and strengthening community engagement to support environmental stewardship in Malaysian universities.
Muhammad Zaharaddeen Bello, Sirajo Ibrahim
This paper explains how Ummaru Bagobiri uses words with differing meanings as synonyms in composing his song verses. Such words often differ in meaning, but Ummaru Bagobiri skillfully employs them within sentences as synonymous words. The methods used to gather data for this study included listening to Ummaru Bagobiri’s songs, interviewing experts in linguistics, and reviewing scholarly works on linguistic studies particularly semantics. Interviews were also conducted with fans of Ummaru Bagobiri to understand how they interpret certain words in his songs. To ensure a theoretical foundation, the research is based on Sperber and Wilson’s (1995) Relevance Theory, which emphasizes the role of context in communication. The study found that the speech context plays a major role in determining the meanings of such expressions. It also found that Ummaru Bagobiri uses his linguistic wisdom to employ words of different meanings as synonyms in building his poetic lines.
Jashmer Singh
With an aim to enhance the stability and volatility of the heterometallic [Sn(II);Ti(IV)]-µ-oxo-isopropoxide a number of substitution reactions of the complex are carried out with different schiff bases viz Salicylidene aniline (HSB1), Salicylidene-o-toluidene (HSB2) and Salicylidene-p-chloroaniline (HSB3) have been performed in different molar ratios in refluxing benzene resulting in to the formation of products of the type [SnO2Ti2(O-i-Pr)5(SB)], [SnO2Ti2(O-i-Pr)4(SB)2], [SnO2Ti2(O-i-Pr)3(SB)3] and [SnO2Ti2(O-i-Pr)2(SB)4]. The schiff base derivatives have been characterized by elemental, liberated isopropanol and spectral analysis (IR, 1H , 13C NMR).
Asuquo, Anietie Offonime
This study investigates the relationships between talent attraction, learning, and employee innovativeness in Polytechnics in Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria. Three objectives, research questions and hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The data analysis revealed a strong and significant positive correlation between talent attraction and idea generation among employees, demonstrating that attracting skilled talent greatly enhances creativity within the institutions. Learning was also found to have a high positive relationship with idea generation, concept analysis, and idea promotion. Employees who engage more in learning activities exhibit improved capabilities in generating, analyzing, and promoting innovative ideas. Additionally, a moderate but significant correlation between learning and concept analysis highlights learning’s role in refining employees’ critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Based on these findings, recommendations emphasize the need for Polytechnic management to develop systems for attracting and retaining talent, along with providing ample learning opportunities. By doing so, these institutions can foster an environment conducive to sustained creativity and innovation. This study contributes to understanding how effective talent management and learning initiatives improve employee innovation and drive institutional success in the Nigerian higher education context.
Hasan Rachmany, Nuryanti, Vincentius Murnawan Juli Sutanto
Tax invoice fraud through fictitious transactions represents a persistent challenge to tax administration globally, yet systematic investigation of enforcement mechanisms in emerging economies remains limited. This systematic literature review examines the phenomenon of tax invoices not based on actual transactions (TINBAT) in Indonesia, analyzing 47 scholarly sources, regulatory documents, and enforcement reports published between 2018-2024. Employing Agency Theory and Deterrence Theory as analytical frameworks, this study identifies a critical research gap: while existing literature extensively documents TINBAT typologies and detection methods in developed economies, empirical evidence regarding enforcement effectiveness and institutional coordination mechanisms in developing country contexts remains scarce. Our thematic analysis reveals three key findings: (1) technological advancement in invoice systems paradoxically creates both detection opportunities and sophisticated evasion methods, (2) inter-agency coordination suffers from institutional fragmentation despite formal cooperation frameworks, and (3) deterrent effects of sanctions are undermined by asymmetric information and capacity constraints. This review contributes to tax compliance literature by proposing an integrated enforcement framework that synthesizes technological, institutional, and behavioral interventions. Policy implications suggest that effective TINBAT prevention requires not merely regulatory tightening, but fundamental redesign of information architecture, capacity-building initiatives targeting specialized competencies, and institutional mechanisms enabling real-time data sharing across enforcement agencies.
Isaac Mepenedo
In light of ongoing teacher shortages and varying levels of teaching quality, Distance Education (DE) has become a vital approach for enhancing teachers' skills. However, there's still a dearth of comparative evidence regarding its effectiveness compared to the Regular Mode (RM). This qualitative single case study delved into the perspectives of School Improvement Support Officers (SISOs) on teacher professional effectiveness (TPE) in Akonoba Municipality, Ghana. The research involved semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with eight carefully chosen participants. Through thematic analysis, it became clear that TPE is seen as a complex concept that includes professional ethics, comprehensive learner support, and academic progress, all influenced by the quality of training, individual initiative, and systemic backing. While teachers trained through RM were generally viewed as better equipped, their effectiveness was found to depend more on broader institutional and contextual factors rather than just the mode of training. The study suggests that DE programmes could be improved by offering more practicum opportunities, implementing stricter admission standards, refining the curriculum, and enhancing teacher support systems through effective supervision and in-service trainings, while also working to eliminate predispositions against DE graduates. Although the study was limited to a particular Education Municipality and a selected group of educational officers regarding their perceptions of teacher professional effectiveness, it nonetheless provides a useful foundation for future research with wider scope and more rigorous research procedures. Again, by positioning SISOs as key evaluators of teaching competence, this research adds to the ongoing discussions about fair teacher preparation and advocates for comprehensive reforms to improve the quality of education in Ghana and beyond.
Dr. Ajit Narayan Jadhav, Dr. Amrita Ajit Jadhav
Teachers’ well-being, encompassing mental, emotional, physical health, as well as job satisfaction, is critical for effective education delivery and student outcomes in India. This paper is purely based on secondary data and is exploratory in nature .This study explores the concept of teachers’ well-being and its impact on teaching quality, student mental health, academic performance, and for system stability, it also analyse the impact on the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. This paper also attempts to explore various challenges imposed by high workloads, low pay, inadequate mental health support, and resource constraints leading to teacher stress. The Paper also overview opportunities offered by NEP 2020 through professional development and technology integration. The research also suggested various strategies to enhance well-being through implementing mental health programs, reducing administrative burdens, improved working conditions, and enhanced community support. By addressing these issues will help in aligns with NEP 2020’s vision for a holistic education system and thus fostering better educational outcomes.
Anselemo Ikoha Peters, Jeremiah Osida Onunga, Peter Edome Akwee
This conceptual review examines the transformative potential of the Internet of Things (IoT) in processing, analyzing, and sharing terrestrial biodiversity data (TBD) to advance sustainable livelihoods in rural and arid environments. The review explores how IoT-based architectures can facilitate real-time data collection, integration, and dissemination to strengthen environmental monitoring, biodiversity management, and community decision-making. By linking technological innovation with ecosystem stewardship, IoT emerges as a key enabler for bridging the digital divide in biodiversity informatics and empowering marginalized populations to engage in adaptive and sustainable practices. The paper discusses how IoT systems; sensors, wireless networks, cloud computing, and mobile interfaces enable the acquisition and analysis of critical environmental parameters such as vegetation dynamics, soil moisture, and wildlife distribution. Through these systems, biodiversity data becomes a dynamic resource for guiding natural resource use, predicting environmental risks, and improving livelihood strategies. The integration of IoT technologies enhances transparency, accessibility, and the scalability of biodiversity information flows across institutional and community levels. Consequently, IoT-enabled data ecosystems contribute not only to the preservation of biodiversity but also to improved food security, income diversification, and resilience to climate shocks. Despite these advantages, challenges persist, including limited interoperability of IoT systems, concerns over data quality and privacy, inadequate infrastructure, and low digital literacy among rural users. Addressing these barriers requires coherent policy interventions, investment in IoT infrastructure, and inclusive capacity-building programs. The paper determines that integrating IoT-driven biodiversity architectures with sustainable development frameworks presents a viable pathway toward ecological resilience and socio-economic transformation. In operationalizing the intersection of technology, data, and livelihoods, IoT offers an innovative model for sustainable coexistence between people and nature. The paper concludes with policy implications, research gaps, and prospects for advancing IoT-driven biodiversity data ecosystems in Kenya and beyond.
Aaron Martin William Messelaar
This paper examines the Murderhill Massacre, a pivotal event in South African history that occurred on May 30, 1830. The massacre, which resulted in the deaths of estimated 300-400 Griqua men, was instigated by Pilane, a powerful Bakgatla bagaKgafela chief. Through a critical analysis of primary and secondary sources, this study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the complex historical context surrounding the massacre, including the tensions between the Griqua and batwsana communities. The paper also seeks to shed light on the role of Pilane in orchestrating the massacre and the devastating consequences for the Griqua people. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex and often fraught history of South Africa's indigenous communities. The Murder hill massacre, which occurred in the 1830s, was a significant event in the history of southern Africa. This article examines the circumstances surrounding the massacre, in which Ndebele forces under the leadership of Mzilikazi launched a surprise attack on the Griqua camp.
Kingsley Onyedikachi Asomugha, Esq.
The quest for self-determination by the people of old Eastern region of Nigeria, historically crystallised in the Biafra movement, represents one of Africa's most protracted and contentious political conflicts. This paper argues that the failure to implement the 1967 Aburi Accord constitutes a foundational betrayal that legitimises the contemporary grievance, while the subsequent rigid application of the uti possidetis principle has served to entrench a state of what can be termed 'Igbo-phobia'—a systemic political, economic, and security marginalisation. Through an international law lens, the paper deconstructs the tension between the right to self-determination and the inviolability of colonial borders. It examines the Aburi Accord as a failed historical precedent for a political settlement and analyses the incarceration of Nnamdi Kanu as a symptom of the continued refusal to engage with this underlying grievance. Critiquing the Nigerian state's inflexible unitary-federalism, the paper proposes the transplantation of the United Kingdom's "country within a country" model as a constitutional panacea. This model, offering internal self-determination through a confederal or highly devolved structure, is presented as a viable mechanism to address Igbo-phobia within the framework of a single, yet more flexible, Nigerian sovereignty, thereby fulfilling the spirit of self-determination without derogating from the letter of uti possidetis.
Anei Mangong Anei Ngong
There was lack of attitude of publicizing marketing rice of Aweil Rice Scheme globally, due to the fact that the notion of marketing rice globally was behind the misconception of giving importance to the marketing of the produce of the ARDP, and less attention to instituting a marketing body for the ARDP. This is in disregard to the fact that in the early 1980s, agricultural marketing and price policies in Africa became a prominent issue in development thinking. Whereas, in principle, it is held that the growth of agricultural production emanates from the sphere of marketing. From that time on wards, organization of marketing, and particularly the structural prices was at the core of policy considerations. The aim of the study was to find out whether there was a marketing policy that would project the marketing of the product of the Project; the marketing principles or concepts applied by the Project Management; and the system applied by the Management for marketing the produce. The study was exploratory. The method of research used was descriptive with case study design together with analytical, applied, quantitative, qualitative, evaluative, and comparative tools.
Dr. Rakesh Ashok More
Criminal behaviour is a multifaceted phenomenon influenced by psychological, cognitive, social, and environmental factors. This study investigates deviant behaviour through the analysis of empirical research, case studies, and forensic reports. Key predictors examined include childhood trauma, peer influence, cognitive distortions, personality disorders, and socio-economic disadvantages. Employing a descriptive and analytical design with mixed methods, the research identifies patterns in childhood-onset and adolescent-onset deviance. Findings reveal that criminal behaviour emerges from the interaction of multiple factors rather than a single cause. The study underscores the importance of evidence-based interventions, early preventive strategies, and rehabilitation programs to reduce criminal tendencies and recidivism.
Dr. Lotanna Somtoo Akudu, Ejikeme Nkiru Suzan, Mbah Chikodili Adolphus, Michael Obinna Onyewuchi, Nkiruka Lilian Okwuanga, Onyinyechi Queen Promise, Promise Nwachinemerem Okpechi
Dermatoglyphic impressions and the effectiveness of friction ridge skin identification have been demonstrated through experimentation, fingerprints are now incorporated into anthropometric records, resulting in their increased usage. The research objectives include investigating the qualitative dermatoglyphic features (arch, loop and whorl patterns) in both hands; and, the quantitative dermatoglyphic features of total finger ridge count (TFRC) in both hands of Umuahia male and female individuals. Fifty (50) male and female students each who are natives of Umuahia in Abia State University, Uturu were examined using dermatoglyphics tool and interview-administered questionnaires. The distribution in percentage and frequency of the right- and left-hand finger pattern dermatoglyphics qualitative features of Umuahia reveal, ulnar loop, plain whorl, and plain arch patterns shown to be more prevalent in females. The paired sample test confirmed observations, indicating that males have a higher finger ridge count on the right hand and females have a higher finger ridge count on the left hand. However, there is a positive correlation between the FRC of the two hands, indicating a consistent relationship in ridge count between the right and left hands, particularly stronger in females compared to males.
Phan Thi Hoa, Seema Sharma
Buddhism is a great religion in the world was born in India so far, and it has existed and developed for thousands of years. Buddhism has made many contributions to the historical flow of human thought, especially the present life of living being. So, the Buddha’s words: “Dharma is the practical present without time…”. The Buddha attained enlightenment at the Bodhi tree, he preached the first Dhamma: The Four Noble Truth (Cattāri Ariyasaccāni) mentioned in the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta (the Discourse on Turning the Wheel of Dhamma). After the five monks listened to the sermon on the Four Noble Truths, they all attained enlightenment. After that, the Buddha taught them the second sermon, the Sutra of Anatta. The essence in the Buddha’s teachings is that “all conditioned things are impermanent (aniccā) , Suffering (dukkhā) ”, and “all phenomena (dhammas) are non-self (anattā)”. Therefore, there is a way (magga) of purification which the Buddha followed and others can similarly follow to reach a state free from sorrow. The path leading to the realization of Truth, Freedom, happiness, talks about the principle of Selflessness to eliminate the attachment to ego that is the basis of ignorance and afflictions, talking them further and achieving Arahantship, liberation from samsara is so called No-Self (anattā).
Dr. Albert Harrison Harvey, Dr. Emanuel Botlhale
This study explored the dual challenge of inflation and unemployment in Sierra Leone between 2015 and 2024, with emphasis on policy trade-offs and socio-economic outcomes. Anchored in classical, Keynesian, and structuralist theories, the research employed a qualitative approach, relying on secondary data from the World Bank, IMF, African Development Bank, Bank of Sierra Leone, Statistics Sierra Leone, and relevant policy documents. The analysis was interpretive, seeking to uncover patterns, meanings, and contextual linkages between macroeconomic instability, structural weaknesses, and policy responses. Findings revealed that inflation was persistently driven by exchange rate volatility, food and energy price shocks, and supply-side constraints, while unemployment remained high due to weak industrialisation, a narrow private sector base, and demographic pressures. Expansionary fiscal policies often exacerbated inflation without creating sufficient jobs, whereas monetary tightening constrained demand but proved ineffective due to shallow financial systems and limited policy transmission. At the regional level, Sierra Leone’s macroeconomic challenges reflected broader West African trends, where inflation consistently surpassed the ECOWAS convergence benchmark of 5% and unemployment rates of 8 - 10% posed a serious concern. Comparative evidence from Ghana, Nigeria, and Côte d’Ivoire showed convergence in structural drivers but divergence in policy choices, exposing the absence of a coherent regional framework. The study concluded that qualitative evidence points to the need for integrated fiscal and monetary coordination, structural reforms in agriculture and energy, and skills development. It further argued that regional cooperation through ECOWAS is critical for addressing the intertwined challenges of inflation and unemployment in fragile economies like Sierra Leone.
A G Salaudeen, Isiaka Tunji Adelabu
This study examined the effect of corporate governance on the profitability level of money deposit banks in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to investigate the impact of board independence on the profitability of money deposit banks in Nigeria and examine the extent to which audit committee effectiveness influences the profitability of money deposit banks in Nigeria. Relevant conceptual, empirical and theoretical literatures were reviewed. The study is anchored on Agency theory. This study adopted an Ex-Post Facto and a descriptive survey research design, both primary and secondary data were collected and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that independent boards foster better governance practices, positively impacting profitability. The findings also showed that the effectiveness of audit committees plays a crucial role in enhancing the financial performance of money deposit banks, underscoring the importance of robust audit practices in promoting transparency, accountability, and sustainable profitability in the banking sector. The study concluded that there is significant impact of corporate governance on the profitability level of money deposit banks in Nigeria. Board independence enhances decision-making quality, governance, and accountability, leading to improved profitability. Effective audit committees strengthen financial reporting, risk management, and stakeholder trust, supporting sustainable profitability. To strengthen the profitability of money deposit banks in Nigeria, it is recommended that banks prioritize board independence and to enhance the oversight function of audit committees, banks should formulate transparent and effective audit processes.
Abdul Adamu, Abiodun M. Jimoh, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Ajah Tabitha Sunday, Gabriel A. Sotade, Olusegun Abel Oyinwola, Paulina Suleman, Rilwan A. Ajibade, Victor A. C. Biodun, Yahuza M. Muhammed
The purpose of this study was to examine “the effect of delegation of authority on employee’s performance”. Delegation of authority is one of the modern trends practiced by managers. Its function stand out contributing and increasing the level of motivation of employee’s and achieving positive returns for (an organization with a manager) and (an employee with a customer) both. A survey design was adopted for the study. The results revealed that management should show confidence on employees in terms of assigning some authority to carry out higher responsibilities. Base on the findings, it was concluded that delegation of authority is not only essential but necessary for the successful accomplishment of the organizational objectives thereby enhancing high employee performance and productivity to the organization. It was recommended among others that management should show confidence on employees in terms of assigning some authorities to carry out higher responsibilities.
Ekaterina Pogonina, Md Al Amin Ali, Md Roshaid Ahmed Tamim, Md Sazzad Hossain
This study investigates the impact of last-mile delivery performance on customer loyalty in the e-commerce sector. Using a quantitative research approach with data collected from 386 e-commerce customers, we examine how delivery speed, delivery accuracy, and return handling influence customer loyalty. Multiple regression analysis reveals that all three independent variables significantly predict customer loyalty (R² = 0.672, p < 0.001). Delivery accuracy emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.412, p < 0.001), followed by return handling (β = 0.298, p < 0.001) and delivery speed (β = 0.247, p < 0.001). These findings provide valuable insights for e-commerce retailers and logistics providers seeking to enhance customer retention through improved last-mile delivery performance. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on e-commerce logistics and offers practical implications for strategic decision-making in supply chain management.
Saadet Tekin
This study aims to examine the socio-economic hardships experienced by the families of individuals convicted under the Ottoman penal system, based on archival documents. It is particularly evident that when the head of the household was sentenced to long-term or distant punishments such as imprisonment, exile, or hard labor, the remaining family members—mostly women and children—faced serious economic uncertainty. During this process, the families' requests for assistance from the state focused on basic needs such as food, shelter, children's education, and placement in boarding schools. Another issue frequently encountered in the archival documents is requests for the salaries of convicted persons who were civil servants to be transferred to their families, along with the responses and actions taken by administrative authorities in response to these requests.
Bernadette G. Gumba
The study analyzed the gender belief system of Maternal Health Service (MHS) stakeholders in the Partido District, Philippines. It surveyed the socio-demographics of respondents; tested their gender bias; and analyzed gender bias score in relation to selected socio-demographic variables. The bias score was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis. The respondents were not extremely biased but did not have strong sense of gender equality. Beneficiaries had higher bias score than decision-makers/ implementers. There were outliers among decision-makers/ implementers. Correlation statistics disclosed that a 6.66-point decrease in bias score was expected for every level increase in education. The regression results implied that 19% of the variation in bias score was attributed to education. This may be explained by the exposure of educated individuals to varied, new concepts and theories. Education opens the mind to a whole new set of cultures and norms which may challenge the individual to embrace new belief systems.
A. Kiruthiga, Dr. A. Jayakumar
Over the last few years, the environment has been threatening the various problems. Such as global warming, pollution and climate change etc., in this contemporary study possess on the environmental impact and green purchase intention of young adults. The major objectives focused in their study have environmental awareness and opinion of green products in young adults, to explore factors which establish the green purchase intention of young adults. The primary data were collected from100 respondents using structured questionnaire. The statistical tools used in this study were percentage analysis and one sample t test. The research finding of this study to conclude that consumers are aware of green products and its features; and also, its finds that consumers are minded to purchase in a green product in the future.
Dr. Deepak Kumar Singh
This paper examines the critical relationship between key abiotic (non-living) environmental factors and their direct influence on human health and fitness. While the environment is essential for sustaining life, components such as temperature, water pH levels, soil composition, sunlight exposure, and humidity simultaneously pose significant health challenges. The analysis reveals that temperature extremes heighten the risk of cardiovascular stress and illness, with cold increasing blood pressure and extreme heat potentially leading to fatal heart failure and heat stroke. Water quality is heavily influenced by pH, where acidic conditions risk toxic metal leaching (e.g., lead), causing long-term neurological and systemic damage, while soil serves as both a source of essential nutrients and medicine, and a carrier for pathogens and heavy metals (e.g., mercury). Furthermore, sunlight is vital for Vitamin D synthesis but prolonged, unprotected exposure carries risks of skin cancer and immune damage. High humidity impairs the body’s thermal regulation, significantly increasing the danger of heat-related illnesses and cardiovascular events. The conclusion emphasizes that while environmental hazards contribute to widespread diseases like cancer and heart disease, individual focus on physical and mental fitness is crucial for strengthening the body's immune system and enhancing overall resilience against these environmental stressors.
Mbarek Rahmoune
This study looks at how customer experience (CX) is affected by digital supply chain integration (DSCI) in the ever-changing world of e-commerce. The study examines how end-to-end visibility, inventory integration, process automation, and last-mile technologies impact customer views of speed, transparency, convenience, satisfaction, and loyalty as they relate to these digital capabilities. Reliability tests, correlation, and regression approaches were used to examine data gathered from a survey of thirty e-commerce customers. The results show that while inventory integration and process automation play more supportive roles in improving customer experience, last-mile technologies and end-to-end visibility have the greatest impact. These findings imply that digital supply chain projects go beyond operational enhancements to produce marketing value by enhancing customer involvement and confidence. The report adds to the expanding corpus of research on digital transformation in developing e-commerce marketplaces and offers managers useful advice on how to match supply chain tactics with customer-focused results.
Wan Fadillah Bin Wan Ahmad
This review synthesizes findings on key indicators which lead to positive educational outcomes in upgraded school facilities in Sarawak, Malaysia. It aspires to develop a feasible evaluative framework trying to fill the gap in the literature concerning the impact of physical school environments on educational attainment, as well as how we currently measure that impact. In this respect, the review aims to systemize the information on the nexus between educational infrastructure and achievement, establishing evaluative framework parameters, key performance indicators, contrasting assessment techniques, and addressing the particularities of Sarawak, Malaysia. This review incorporated various quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches and designed studies in Malaysia and other comparable developing contexts, particularly focusing on the impact of school facilities on educational outcomes, the role of the socioeconomic environment, and different administrative school management theories. There is a significant positive relationship between the upgraded physical facilities in school and the educational outcomes, with the mediating factors including student motivation and student satisfaction. This review also illustrates the comprehensive approaches which integrate the physical, environmental, and pedagogical elements with managerial frameworks. Most importantly, this study underscores the importance of customizing such frameworks in tune with the socioeconomic and cultural realities of the locality. Cross-sectional study designs, variable validation of frameworks, and the underrepresentation of psychosocial elements are some limitations to consider. By integrating the findings, the review illustrates the multifaceted nature of the relationship between infrastructure and educational outcomes and the importance of strategic planning and involvement of stakeholders. The review thus contributes to developing a practically applicable, context-sensitive framework for evaluating educational outcomes post-infrastructure changes. For Sarawak and comparable settings, this has considerable implications for policy, school administration, and focused actions.
Dr. Albert Harrison Harvey, Dr. Lanre Adebayo, Ngozi Egbuna
This study critically examined the role of digital governance in strengthening tax compliance and revenue mobilisation in Sierra Leone, focusing on the transformative impact of three flagship systems: the Integrated Tax Administration System (ITAS), Electronic Cash Registers (ECRs), and ASYCUDA World. Using a mixed-methods approach that combined econometric analysis, stakeholder interviews, and document reviews, the research explored how digital transformation has enhanced transparency, improved administrative efficiency, and influenced taxpayer behaviour within the National Revenue Authority (NRA).
Mbula Bernadine, Mutukaa Samuel, Sande Anne
This paper explores the association between WhatsApp use and spousal abuse among married women in Kwale County, Kenya. A mixed-methods correlational design was employed, combining survey data from 263 respondents with insights from key informant semi-structured interviews. Independent variables included duration of WhatsApp use, hours spent daily, number of messages exchanged, group membership, and purposeful use (work/family). Dependent variables measured physical injuries, spousal threats, and control of phone/social media. Results indicate that while general duration of WhatsApp use is not significantly associated with physical injuries, purposeful use and group membership are strongly correlated with threats and controlling behaviours. Qualitative findings suggest that women’s visibility and economic use of WhatsApp sometimes provoke jealousy and conflict. The study recommends digital-safety interventions, privacy awareness campaigns, and training for community leaders on recognising the role of social media platforms in spousal abuse.
ASP Shide Sunday, PhD
Policing is an important aspect of the enforcement of law and order as well as public protection while Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. This study investigated “The Integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Policing: A Study of Future Directions of the Nigeria Police Force”. The study employed a Cross-Sectional Survey Design, where 384 Police Personnel consisting of 201 (52%) Males and 183 (48%) Females were used for the study. Their ages ranged from 19 to 59 years with the Mean of 38.22 (SD=8.45227). 223 (58%) of the respondents were junior cadre while 161 (42%) were from the senior cadre. Also, 163 (42%) of the respondents were married, 87 (23%) were divorced while 134 (35%) were single. The Police Perceived AI Use Questionnaire (PPAIUQ) was used for data collection. Statistical analysis involved the use of descriptive Statistics. Findings from the hypotheses indicated that, AI integration in policing significantly leads to improved crime prevention, crime investigation and surveillance in Nigeria. It was finally revealed that, AI integration in policing significantly leads to future Directions of the Nigeria Police Force. Based on the findings, it was recommended that, Nigeria Police Officers should be trained on AI integration in policing for improved crime prevention in Nigeria. Also, Government/Nigeria Police Management Team should fully integrate AI in policing in order to improve crime investigation in Nigeria. Finally, more researches should be encouraged on The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Policing.
Sreeja Nair
Deprivation, viewed as a relative and multidimensional lack of customary societal resources, is increasingly recognized as a stronger determinant of poverty than income alone. This review synthesizes empirical literature to map the causal pathways through which early-life deprivation initiates and perpetuates a self-sustaining cycle of socioeconomic disadvantage across generations. Employing an integrative narrative review design, a systematic search of databases (Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) was conducted using keywords across three constructs: exposure, outcomes (cognitive, educational, health, employment), and linking terms (e.g., life course, cumulative disadvantage). This process identified and synthesized 64 key studies. The findings confirm that exposure to adverse conditions in-utero and during early childhood results in a cumulative disadvantage that compromises Human Capital across three critical domains. First, deprivation undermines cognitive development through factors like poor nutrition, sleep, and household socioeconomic status. Second, this leads to setbacks in educational attainment exacerbated by factors like poor school quality, the neighbourhood effect, and lack of parental resources. Third, it increases the incidence of poor physical and mental health in adulthood, linked to increased psychological distress, chronic diseases, and reduced lifespan. These compromised endowments then converge to limit labour market outcomes, resulting in significantly lower employment probability, reduced wages, and sporadic employment, thereby creating the conditions for the intergenerational transfer of deprivation. Thus, adopting a multidimensional, life-course perspective is crucial for developing effective policy interventions.
Dr. A. Sai Sree, Dr. A. Sreeja, Dr. Akshita Bhagavatula, Dr. K. Preethi, Dr. Raavi Lagnajita, Dr. Sameera Tadi, Dr. Seleveri Aishwarya, Dr. Srinivas Babu Kathi
Dr. James Tyler Kent (1849–1916) is one of the most important personalities in the history of homoeopathy, who is remembered for his deep teachings, systematic philosophy, and sharp clinical observations. Based on the work of Samuel Hahnemann, Kent constructed a disciplined methodology to case analysis and remedy assessment that has been followed by generations of practitioners. His masterpieces, Lectures on Homoeopathic Philosophy and Repertory of the Homoeopathic Materia Medica, are still cornerstones of traditional homoeopathy. One of his most lasting bequests is the doctrine of the Twelve Observations, a system by which physicians can measure the improvement of patients following the giving of a remedy. This paper discusses Kent's early life, educational and professional development, contributions to homoeopathy, and the enduring importance of his Twelve Observations.
Masibayi Peter Situma
This study sought to examine the influence of renewable energy consumption on the growth of Kenya’s services sector. It covered the period from 1987 to 2023. Using the ARDL and ECM approaches, the analysis investigates both short-run and long-run dynamics while controlling for non-renewable energy consumption, labour and gross capital formation. The results reveal that immediate and lagged changes in renewable energy consumption have limited short-run effects on service sector output. However, the first lag of renewable energy consumption exhibits a positive and statistically significant impact in the ECM framework, thereby suggesting delayed benefits from the consumption of renewable energies. On the other hand, lagged non-renewable energy consumption consistently exerts negative and significant effects, thus highlighting the negative short-run influence of non-renewable energy consumption on the growth of the service sector. Labour and gross capital formation show mixed effects, with delayed positive contributions, thus reflecting gradual absorption of workforce and capital into the economy’s productive processes. The ECM term is negative and highly significant, confirming a stable long-run equilibrium relationship with approximately 33.6% of deviations from equilibrium corrected each period. The Post-estimation diagnostics show the robustness of the model throughout the study period. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that Kenya’s services sector exhibits low immediate reliance on energy inputs but benefits from lagged improvements in renewable energy consumption, capital investment and labour integration. The study emphasizes the importance of promoting renewable energy adoption in energizing Kenya’s service economy. This adoption will also accelerate the attainment of Vision 2030’s dreams of a globally competitive economy and achieving SDGs 7 and 8 of clean energy and sustained growth. This study therefore recommends anchoring the service sector’s renewable energy transition within Kenya’s Vision 2030 and the national green growth agenda, emphasizing targeted incentives for clean energy use in ICT, transport and hospitality. By aligning service sector electrification with ongoing energy reforms and digital infrastructure expansion, Kenya can enhance efficiency, reduce operational costs and also foster inclusive, sustainable growth.
Angela Nwaomah, Ph.D, Martina Mthombeni, Simanga B Ndebele
Humanitarian work is typically situated in challenging operational contexts defined by volatility and scarcity. Such a harsh environment generates occupational pressures for humanitarian staff that could negatively impact their well-being. Servant leadership is a valuable way of mitigating employee stress; however, its applicability is limited to stable, less volatile settings, unlike humanitarian contexts. Against this background, this study assessed the moderating effect of servant leadership on the relationship between occupational stressors and well-being among humanitarian workers in Gedo Region, Somalia. The study utilized a quantitative cross-sectional survey design to draw a sample of 75 personnel employed by humanitarian organizations in Gedo through simple random sampling. The data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed through frequencies, percentages, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results revealed that occupational stressors had a statistically significant effect on well-being (B= 0.137, p = 0.013) as well as the interaction between occupational stressors and servant leadership (B = 0.582, p < 0.001). Therefore, it was concluded that servant leadership moderates the effect of occupational stress on employee well-being as the p-value was statistically significant at the threshold of 0.05%. These findings suggest that humanitarian agencies should invest in servant-leadership development as a strategy for sustaining workforce resilience.
Preya Darsine S, Senthil Kumar N, Sowmi Shruthiksha K
The "Pink Tax Effect," a pricing phenomenon in which goods marketed to women are sold for more than comparable or identical goods offered to men, is the subject of this study. Through an examination of pricing dynamics and consumer behavior, the study pinpoints the causes of this discrepancy, including societal standards, gendered marketing tactics, and brand perception. To determine why women are more vulnerable to these pricing strategies, psychological factors such as perceived value, brand loyalty, and the influence of societal expectations are examined. The study also looks into how merchants and manufacturers use packaging, product design, and targeted advertising to support charging more for women's goods. It draws attention to the financial burden that the Pink Tax places on women as well as its wider effects on economic justice and purchasing power. The study intends to increase awareness of the Pink Tax and its hidden consequences by thoroughly examining pricing structures and consumer behaviours. In order to combat gender-based price discrimination, it advocates for more pricing transparency, consumer education, and legislative actions. The study aims to educate consumers and persuade stakeholders to implement fair pricing methods by bringing these systematic practices to light.
Marilyn, Ahonobadha, Mary Adero
Everyday, across the globe, politics of inclusion and exclusion take place in living spaces which are designed with the normate template in mind. This template spells out the standard measurements into which a “normal” able bodied person can operate in. This template solely refers to the implicit, often unconscious model of a privileged, able bodied individual. The assumption is that everyone has to fit and behave in a manner that befits the given space. Consideration of the normate template however leads to the formation of barriers which perpetuate segregation and discrimination of people with disabilities. In the quest to advocate for equitable access by all, regardless of physical stature, researchers are aware that the pendulum of studies on disability swings back and forth between the models and the theories of disability. One glaring factor which most people agree on is the fact that inappropriate layout and design of the built up environment is what leads to a handicap. In addition to the lack of physical access, people with disabilities have to grapple with attitudinal barriers. These are mental inferences and assumptions on the capabilities of a person. Through this research a review of secondary data was conducted with a view to shift the accessibility lens to embrace facets enhancing universal access for all.
Muh. Zulfadli Gaffar, Muhammad Wahyuddin Abdullah, Raodahtul Jannah
This study aims to analyze the influence of environmental performance and financial performance on business sustainability with carbon emission disclosure as a moderating variable. This study was conducted on coal mining manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research is a quantitative study so that the type of data used is documentary data. While the data sources used in this study are secondary data . The number of samples in this study is 20 samples. The research method used is moderated regression analysis obtained from annual reports and company sustainability reports. Research results show that environmental performance has a positive and significant impact on business sustainability. Financial performance has a positive and significant impact on business sustainability. Carbon emissions disclosure strengthens the influence of environmental performance on business sustainability. Carbon emissions disclosure does not strengthen the influence of financial performance on business sustainability.
Michael Mbiriri
The increasing intensity of climate change has triggered widespread psychological distress among young people worldwide, particularly in the form of eco-anxiety, helplessness, and emotional fatigue. This study draws upon secondary data published between 2020 and 2025 to examine how climate education can transform climate-related anxiety into psychological resilience and empowered action among youth. The research synthesizes evidence from global surveys, educational policy reviews, and peer-reviewed studies focusing on environmental psychology, education, and youth development. Findings indicate that climate education, when integrated with psychological awareness, plays a critical role in fostering adaptive coping mechanisms, self-efficacy, and proactive environmental engagement. Programs that emphasize participatory learning, critical thinking, and community-based environmental projects were found to reduce fear and cultivate optimism and agency. Moreover, school-based climate initiatives that address emotional well-being enable students to process environmental threats constructively, shifting their responses from despair to action-oriented hope. The review highlights that effective climate education not only improves environmental literacy but also strengthens mental health outcomes, emotional intelligence, and leadership capacities among youth. It concludes that equipping learners with both scientific understanding and emotional resilience is essential for building a generation capable of facing ecological challenges with confidence, creativity, and compassion. Ultimately, the study underscores that education is a powerful psychological tool for transforming climate anxiety into meaningful engagement and sustainable behavior.
Faith Ubani, Kudighe Udoh, Olugbemi O. Motilewa
Girl-child marriage, a practice defined as any formal marriage or informal union where the female is under the age of 18. Girl-child marriage is a public health concern that represents a profound violation of human rights and a significant impediment to the development of young girls [1,2]. Child marriage perpetuates gender inequality, disproportionately impacting girls [3]. The practice has devastating consequences on the lives of millions of girls worldwide such as sexually transmitted infections, poor reproductive outcomes, intimate partner violence and mental ill health. Across the globe, one in every 5 girls below 18 years is married, with the prevalence ranging from 23% to 19% in the past decade. Over 640 million women alive today were married as children [4]. In Africa about 30 million girls got married before 18 years, with the practice being worse in West and Central Africa, where nearly 4 in 10 young women were married before age 18. This prevalence has remained constant for the last ten years [5]. In the Sahel belt the prevalence is as high as 70% [4]. Lower levels of child marriage are seen in Eastern and Southern Africa at 32%. Nigeria has one of the highest rates of child marriage globally with about 22 million girls and women affected with significant regional variations [6]. Current reports show that about 30% of girls in Nigeria are married before the age of 18, and 12% are married before the age of 15 [7]. This high prevalence is not uniform across the country, with significantly higher rates in the northern regions and rural areas [8]. The causes of girl-child marriage are complex and multifaceted. Poverty is a significant driver, as families may view early marriage as a means of economic survival. The level of education of the parents also play a role[8]. Cultural and traditional beliefs contribute to the practice, with some communities viewing early marriage as a way to preserve family honor or ensure social status [8,9]. Lack of access to quality education, particularly for girls, further exacerbates the problem, as girls who are out of school are more vulnerable to early marriage [5]. Additionally, inadequate enforcement of existing laws and policies contributes to the persistence of this practice, as the Child Rights Acts prohibits marriage before age 18 [10]. The health consequences of girl-child marriage are severe. Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death for girls aged 15-19 globally [11]. Early marriage significantly increases the risk of maternal mortality and morbidity, as young girls' bodies are not fully developed for delivery. Childbirth before age 19 leads to obstetrics complications [12,13]. Furthermore, early marriage often leads to psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and social isolation [14]. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 aims to end this harmful practice against the girl child by 2030 [15]. In Nigeria more than 40% of women between ages 20 and 24 were married before 18 years with varying prevalence across regions. The prevalence of girl-child marriage is about 12% in the southern part and about 60% in the north-west region of the country [3,7]. About 43% of married women between 15 -49 years were married before 18 years [16]. In the southeastern Nigeria, the prevalence is about 33% and the prevalence of high adolescent fertility rates was reported to be the highest in the south [17]. This highlights the need for regional strategies to address the root causes of the practice, including poverty and gender inequality. While national statistics provide a broad overview, there is a critical need for localized research to understand the specific dynamics of girl-child marriage in Abia State and, particularly, in Osisioma Ngwa Local Government Area (LGA). The socio-cultural and economic context of this specific community may present unique challenges, factors that contribute to their vulnerability and opportunities for intervention. It is crucial to understand the specific context within the LGA to develop effective strategies to combat this harmful practice and safeguard the future of young girls in the community in line with eradicating early girl marriage by the year 2030 [18]. Although the state has adopted Child Rights Acts since 2006, its implementation is weak and this study would possibly assess the effectiveness of its implementation [19]. This study aims to determine the prevalence determinants and perceived effects of girl-child marriage among married women in Osisioma Ngwa LGA, Abia State, Nigeria.
Regidor T. Carale, Ed.D., Ph.D.
This capstone critically examines the Reflective Sandwich Method, a pedagogical innovation conceptualized by Dr. Regidor T. Carale, designed as a Cognitive-Dialogic framework to cultivate research competence, reflective thinking, and scholarly autonomy among pre-service teachers at Negros Oriental State University. Implemented from 2023 to 2025, the study systematically investigates the method’s conceptual underpinnings, operational techniques, pedagogical strengths, and implementation challenges. Grounded in principles of reflective practice and dialogic cognition, the Reflective Sandwich Method integrates structured stages of research instruction with reflective discourse and feedback loops, allowing learners to critically engage with both process and content. This iterative structure fosters deeper understanding, promotes intellectual resilience, and enhances the learner’s capacity for independent scholarly inquiry. Findings reveal that the framework bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical research skills, reinforcing metacognitive awareness and collaborative reflection as vital components of teacher education. Moreover, the Cognitive-Dialogic dimension underscores the importance of dialogical feedback—where teacher and student co-construct meaning through guided reflection and evaluative dialogue. As a result, pre-service teachers demonstrate improved competence in research design, analytical reasoning, and critical interpretation. Ultimately, the Reflective Sandwich Method emerges as a dynamic and contextually responsive model for advancing research pedagogy within teacher education programs, offering a replicable framework for cultivating reflective scholarship and academic rigor in higher education.
Junndiah Majit, Muhamad Suhaimi Taat
This study examines the relationship between Islamic Education teachers’ Jawi skills and literacy as factors influencing primary school pupils’ Jawi mastery in Sabah. Mastery of Jawi script is a critical element in Islamic education, and teacher competence is highly consequential for instructional effectiveness. Adopting a quantitative survey design, the study involved 343 primary Islamic Education teachers in Sabah as respondents. The research instrument comprised a questionnaire measuring teachers’ levels of Jawi skills and literacy. Descriptive analysis indicated that teachers’ skills were at a moderately high level (M = 3.93, SD = 0.529), while teachers’ Jawi literacy showed considerable variation (M = 0.735, SD = 0.981). However, Pearson correlation analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between Jawi skills and literacy among teachers (r = .058, p > .05). These findings imply that pedagogical skills and Jawi literacy are distinct competence domains that should be developed in balanced, dedicated professional training streams. This study is expected to inform stakeholders in designing more focused interventions to strengthen the teaching and learning of Jawi at the primary level in Sabah. It contributes a Sabah-specific evidence base, addressing a regional gap that is seldom explored in primary Jawi literacy. Our results inform targeted enhancements to j-QAF implementation and teacher professional development grounded in PCK/TPACK in Sabah, including attention to challenging item-level content (hamzah, loanwords, diphthongs). Policy recommendations include developing context-sensitive micro-modules for Jawi and establishing diagnostic monitoring mechanisms aligned with Sabah’s school ecosystem.
Aishwarya K. R, Dr. Vinay M
This study explores the role of the popular radio program ‘Mann Ki Baat’, hosted by the Prime Minister of India, in promoting the development and empowerment of tribal communities across the country. The program has become a vital medium of mass communication, reaching remote areas where other forms of media often fail. It plays a unique role in addressing the concerns of marginalized groups, including tribal populations, by highlighting their culture, success stories, and developmental challenges. Through regular episodes, ‘Mann Ki Baat’ shares information about health care, education, digital literacy, environmental protection, and employment opportunities relevant to tribal communities. One of the key strengths of the program is its ability to connect emotionally with the listeners using simple language and relatable stories. By featuring tribal achievers and their contributions to society, the program not only inspires individuals but also promotes pride in tribal identity. It encourages listeners to participate in government schemes such as Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Skill India, and digital inclusion initiatives. These messages create awareness, increase civic engagement, and build confidence among tribal people to actively contribute to their own community's progress. Overall, ‘Mann Ki Baat’ serves as an effective tool for bridging the communication gap between the government and tribal communities. It strengthens the relationship between citizens and the state, promotes inclusive development, and motivates tribal populations towards self-reliance and sustainable growth.
Atimoe Tim Itua, Dr. Michael A Senkoya, Dr. Praise R. AKOGWU
In an increasingly interconnected digital world, the imperative for culturally sensitive marketing strategies is widely acknowledged, however, empirical evidence from the consumer perspective remains crucial. This study quantitatively assesses the perceptions of digital natives regarding the role of cultural sensitivity in digital marketing and platform engagement. A survey was conducted with 296 participants from varied cultural backgrounds, recruited via social media. The results demonstrate a strong consensus on the importance of cultural sensitivity in digital content and features (Mean = 3.84). Furthermore, regression analysis established that the frequency of engaging with digital platforms to express cultural identity is a significant positive predictor of an individual's confidence in using digital technologies (B = 0.184, p = .003), explaining 2.9% of the variance. This finding aligns with Social Identity Theory, suggesting that digital platforms serve as vital spaces for identity negotiation. The study concludes that cultural sensitivity is not merely an ethical consideration but a critical component of effective digital engagement and user self-efficacy. Digital natives expect and value platforms and marketing that respect their cultural identities. The findings provide a compelling mandate for businesses and platform designers to prioritize cultural sensitivity to enhance consumer experience, foster brand loyalty, and improve marketing performance.
Ezenwali Somtochukwu Cynthia, Isima Precious Omozusi, Okeke Miracle Chidiebere, Oladimeji Micheal Ogunmuyiwa
The growing demand for timely and high-quality medical services had driven the emergence of telemedicine as an innovative healthcare solution. Telemedicine was defined as the use of technology to deliver patient care remotely, enabling physicians to communicate with and manage patients in distant locations through telecommunications systems without the need for in-person visits. Stroke is recognized as a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to improve survival and functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of telemedicine in enhancing stroke management within the U.S. healthcare system. A systematic review of 16 peer-reviewed articles published in English between 2006 and 2019 was conducted. The selected studies focused exclusively on data derived from the United States. Findings from the review showed that telemedicine significantly reduced treatment times for stroke patients, resulting in better clinical outcomes. It also proved to be a cost-effective approach to delivering rapid and efficient stroke care. The analysis further revealed that approximately 55% of Americans had access to primary stroke care centers within 60 minutes; however, only about half of these hospitals had an on-site neurologist. Telestroke, or stroke-specific telemedicine, emerged as a key strategy for bridging this gap by connecting non-specialized hospitals with neurologists and specialized stroke centers in real time. Despite its effectiveness, further efforts were required to address persistent challenges such as interstate licensing restrictions and technical issues encountered during remote consultations.
Dr Pragati Choraria
This study investigates the evolving role of women in peace-making, with a particular emphasis on global experiences and the Indian context. Adopting a qualitative-descriptive research design, the study analyzes secondary data from United Nations reports, policy documents, scholarly literature, and case studies of women-led peace initiatives. The methodology involves comparative thematic analysis to identify global trends and Indian-specific patterns of women’s participation in peace processes. The key results reveal that while women’s formal representation in global peace negotiations remains limited—only 13% of negotiators and 6% of mediators between 1992–2022—their informal and grassroots contributions significantly enhance reconciliation, post-conflict recovery, and social cohesion. In India, case studies from Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Nagaland, and Chhattisgarh demonstrate that women’s organizations have successfully mediated local disputes and fostered communal harmony. The study’s implications stress the need for institutional reforms to integrate women systematically into peace and security frameworks. It concludes that women’s inclusion is both a moral imperative and a strategic necessity for achieving durable, inclusive peace and sustainable national development.
Dr. Latha. P., Dr. Rincy. V. Mathew
This paper explores the critical and bidirectional interconnection between women's empowerment and personal hygiene, primarily focusing on the foundational role of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) access. Inadequate hygiene facilities, particularly during menstruation, result in significant barriers to female participation by impacting health, education, and economic well-being. Lack of access to private sanitation, clean water, and menstrual hygiene resources can lead to serious reproductive tract infections, lower self-esteem, increased school absenteeism for girls, and reduced economic productivity for women. Conversely, greater women's empowerment evidenced by increased decision-making power, financial autonomy, and access to education directly correlates with the adoption of hygienic practices. The study highlights that improving WASH infrastructure and promoting open dialogue around menstrual health are not merely public health issues but essential strategies for advancing gender equality and fulfilling women's full potential in public and private spheres. Therefore, sustainable development initiatives must integrate personal hygiene interventions as a core component of empowerment programs.
Emily Ayieta Ondondo
Effective leadership is crucial in higher education as it promotes innovation, drives institutional growth, and shapes the future of academia. Effective leadership is achieved through effective communication of information of what needs to be done when, where and by whom. The tone of the communication determines how the information being communicated is received, perceived and acted upon by the recipients. However, it is often overlooked as an aspect of communication. Tonal voice nuances can be easily and clearly marked and discerned in spoken discourse through suprasegmental features. But in higher education leadership, most communications are done through emails, memos and most recently through WhatsApp messages, which are written. These, as forms of communication, also express tonal voice nuances. But how? Adopting a descriptive design and basing on Moran (2016) tone of voice dimensions framework, this paper describes tonal voice nuances in written communications originated by university leaders to members of staff in the form of WhatsApp messages. The findings show intricate patterns of tonal voice nuances and their correlation with leadership effectiveness, decision-making processes and organizational dynamics that contribute to an understanding of the complexities surrounding effective leadership communication and organizational performance in academia.
Ansh Chauhan, Shaily Mishra
Heat stroke, the most severe manifestation of heat-related illnesses, has emerged as a critical global health emergency in the 21st century, exacerbated by climate change and rapid urbanization. In India, where temperatures routinely exceed 45°C, the burden of heat stroke has increased sharply over the past two decades. This paper synthesizes epidemiological, clinical, and policy perspectives to examine the pathophysiology, prevalence, and public health response to heat stroke in India. Using simulated datasets and secondary sources—including reports from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), and published studies—this study analyzes temporal trends, demographic distributions, and regional disparities from 2005 to 2022. Results reveal an upward trajectory in heat-related mortality, particularly in states such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Telangana, and Delhi, with an estimated 3,500 annual deaths by 2022. Vulnerable populations include outdoor workers, the elderly, children, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. While interventions such as Ahmedabad’s Heat Action Plan have demonstrated success, implementation across India remains uneven. The study concludes that addressing heat stroke requires an integrated, multisectoral approach encompassing surveillance, occupational health reforms, urban climate resilience, and community education. Without coordinated national action, India risks an escalating health crisis in an era of intensifying heat extremes.
Blessing Chugo Idigo, Collins Ekene Okelue, Emesiani Ifeanyi Godspower, Iteke Wilson Chibuzor
This study investigated the seemingly menaced by turbulent challenges arising from migration which causes brain drain to the economy of the country. It explores the trans-Atlantic migration and its impact on the rights of women in Nigeria. The rising rate of migration by women in Nigeria is traced to lack of access to information and unaware of their rights and this make them vulnerable to unsafe (irregular) migration and exploitation. In most part of States in Nigeria, if not all, women are often seen as having little say in the decisions that affects their lives (limited decision making power) and this, make them more susceptible to trafficking and exploitation. These study delved into how the impact of trans-Atlantic migration by Nigerian women has portrayed the Nigerian image to the outside world and its impact on the socio-economic polity of the country from 2015-2023. Ultimately, the study adopted mixed theories of push-pull factor and abolitionist theories as a framework of analysis. The study is qualitative in nature and data were gathered through secondary sources such as documented evidences/policy, books, journals, internet source. Findings revealed that when practices or policies in a country of one’s origin discriminate against women, for instance, limiting their access to resources or educational opportunities, by hindering their political participation, and their contribution to the society is reduced, there is bond for migration. The study recommended that there is an urgent need for a comprehensive re-orientation of women on their fundamental human rights as well as empowerment of Nigerian women through the Ministry of women Affairs. And abolition of all forms of discrimination melted on women by setting up a task force teams nation-wide to see to its full implementation.
Joyce Chiangi Uchi, Mimidoo Shiphrah Uwouku
Environmental challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and resource scarcity require not only scientific innovation but also effective communication that bridges research and community action. Despite advances in environmental communication, a persistent “translation gap” exists between academic insights and grassroots advocacy. This paper proposes the CO-ACT Framework—Co-diagnose, Orient, Adapt, Convene, and Track—as a structured model for translating environmental communication research into practical, community-led action. Grounded in co-production theory, diffusion of innovation, and participatory communication, CO-ACT promotes collaborative problem identification, network mapping, contextual message adaptation, participatory engagement, and iterative monitoring. The framework integrates participatory action research, mixed-methods evaluation, longitudinal learning, and open-access dissemination to ensure both academic rigour and practical relevance. Empirical evidence demonstrates that accessible, culturally resonant communication materials, institutional linkages, and integration of indigenous knowledge enhance behavioural adoption, legitimacy, and policy responsiveness. However, barriers such as knowledge inaccessibility, power asymmetries, contextual mismatches, and limited local capacity continue to hinder effective research translation. By addressing these challenges, CO-ACT transforms knowledge dissemination into knowledge democratization, enabling communities to act as co-creators rather than passive recipients of environmental solutions. The framework’s participatory and adaptive design fosters trust, equity, and sustained behavioural and institutional change. Ultimately, CO-ACT provides a replicable pathway for linking scholarly evidence with real-world environmental advocacy, ensuring that communication serves as a catalyst for collective action, environmental justice, and sustainable development.
Jemima N. A. A. Lomotey
This study examines how transnational identity shapes the work attitudes of Ghanaian professionals both within Ghana and in diaspora communities (specifically the UK, USA, Canada, and Germany). Using a cross-sectional survey design, we compare self-reported work values, career ambitions, and workplace attitudes between locally based Ghanaians (n=150) and diasporan Ghanaians (n=150). Simulated quantitative data analysis reveals significant differences: diasporan Ghanaians scored higher on measures of individualism, career ambition, and job satisfaction, whereas Ghana-based Ghanaians scored higher on collectivism and power-distance acceptance. Independent-samples t-tests confirmed these differences (p<.001). These findings suggest that exposure to Western work cultures and high educational attainment (noted among many Ghanaian migrants[1]) contribute to a more individualistic and achievement-oriented work ethos among the diaspora. By contrast, strong communal traditions and hierarchical norms (reflected in Ghana’s high power-distance index[2]) continue to influence the work attitudes of those in Ghana. The study highlights the complex interplay of cultural background and migration experience, with implications for employers and policymakers seeking to leverage Ghana’s transnational human capital.
Antriksh Shah, Devashree Pate, Gauri Kshirsagar, Prof. Nitisha Rajgure
With the rapid growth of tourism worldwide, language barriers often pose a significant challenge for travelers seeking authentic experiences. Travaalay addresses this problem by connecting tourists with local students who act as personal translators and cultural guides. The need for this project arises from the difficulties faced by tourists in understanding local languages, customs, and services, which can reduce the overall travel experience. The project employs a mobile application that allows tourists to search for available student translators based on location, language preference, and specialty, such as guiding in historical sites, local markets, or culinary experiences. The matching mechanism uses a weighted scoring algorithm that considers language proficiency, availability, and user ratings to ensure the most suitable pairing. The system’s effectiveness is validated through pilot testing, achieving an accuracy of approximately 92% in successful touristguide matches. Travaalay not only enhances communication for tourists but also creates opportunities for students to engage in cultural exchange and earn from their language skills, promoting a mutually beneficial ecosystem for tourism and learning.
Deeksha Nimeshwari, Prof. Pravin Saxena
The present study provides a descriptive analysis of trends in students’ learning achievement in India based on the results of the National Achievement Survey (NAS) 2017 and NAS 2021. The NAS, conducted by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), assesses the learning outcomes of students across Grades 3, 5, 8, and 10 on a standardized scale of 500. Using purely secondary data from official NAS reports, the paper examines changes in average performance levels across grades, subjects, and states to understand patterns of improvement or decline during the period marked by the implementation of the Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SMSA) and the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis reveals an overall decline in learning achievement across all grades and subjects, with the sharpest reductions observed in mathematics and language competencies. Despite improvements in access and infrastructure under SMSA, learning levels did not show corresponding gains, highlighting the persistent learning crisis in Indian schools. The findings emphasize the need for systemic reforms focusing on pedagogical support, teacher training, and periodic assessment-driven interventions.
Essaghah Maro I., Hampo, JohnPaul A.C., Onovughe Anthonia Okeme, Onovughe Silas Avwerosuo
Trust is a central factor influencing the adoption and sustained use of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies, particularly virtual assistants such as Google Assistant, Siri, Alexa, and Cortana. These systems have become increasingly integrated into daily life, yet their acceptance is not uniform and often hinges on users’ trust. This study applied convenience sampling to investigate users’ trust in virtual assistants through a descriptive survey of 500 respondents distributed via Google Forms. The survey explored users’ levels of trust in AI technologies, preferred platforms, and factors influencing trust. Results show that 58% of respondents reported trusting AI-enabled machines, with Google Assistant being the most widely used (56%) and most trusted (89%) virtual assistant.
Okebe Ajima
Rural communities in Benue State, Nigeria, face persistent barriers to internet access due to the high cost of cellular data—the main connectivity option in these areas. This study evaluates the economic feasibility of Television White Space (TVWS) technology as a cost-effective alternative for individuals and organizations in rural Benue State. Using a comparative cost analysis that combines primary survey data from 247 respondents across six Local Government Areas with international TVWS deployment benchmarks, the study reveals significant cost advantages of TVWS over cellular networks. Current cellular data costs average ₦8,450 monthly for individuals and ₦90,000–₦265,000 for organizations, while TVWS-based services could deliver comparable access at 60–85% lower costs. The findings suggest that TVWS presents a viable option for reducing connectivity expenses and bridging the digital divide in rural Nigeria. However, successful implementation requires addressing regulatory gaps, infrastructure needs, equipment affordability, and digital literacy challenges. The study recommends phased pilot deployments, equipment subsidy programs, digital literacy initiatives, and the development of a supportive regulatory framework to facilitate TVWS adoption for affordable rural broadband access.
Anderson Ngelambong, Dahlan Abdullah, Nor Fatin Aimi Sohaimi, Saidatul Syafiqah Athirah Ahmadrunizam, Saiful Nizam Warris
This study investigates the predictors influencing continued usage intention of Online Food Delivery Services (OFDS) among Malaysian university students. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research explores the effects of perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), variety of food choices (VFC), and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) on behavioral intentions. Data were collected from 150 students through an online survey and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results reveal that PU, PEOU, and e-WOM significantly influence continued usage intention, whereas VFC does not show a statistically significant impact. These findings offer theoretical and practical implications for service providers aiming to retain younger digital consumers in a competitive food delivery market. The study highlights the importance of system usability and social influence in fostering long-term engagement with OFDS platforms.
Johnson Efungani Malafa, Stephen Mokondo Moki
The Cameroon-Anglophone conflict has dominated political discussions and debates in Cameroon and abroad, especially after the situation went violent in 2017. Various stakeholders, including international and local non-governmental organisations (NGOs), have taken an interest in bringing in their humanitarian and peacebuilding supports. Despite their efforts, it is reported in Malafa, Moki, Sunjo and Ewusi (2024) that members of the affected communities found them to be ineffective in their humanitarian and peacebuilding roles. The objective of this study is to examine the inability of these NGOs to address the humanitarian and peacebuilding needs of the affected population during the Cameroon Anglophone conflict. The researchers adopted the qualitative research approach using in-depth interviews. Considering the sensitivity of this research topic, the researchers employed the purposive and snowballing sampling techniques to select officials of some NGOs and key informants for the study by targeting individuals who were interested and versed in the issue. A total of 24 participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The findings revealed that insecurity and the threat to life, inaccessibility to the needy population, lack of collaboration and confidence from the affected population, poor communication network and language barrier, undue pressure from some traditional leaders, corrupt practices and dishonesty of hired community mobilisers, unstable population, lack of funding, donor fatigue, and lack of collaboration among NGOs were the factors that contributed to the inability of the NGOs to effectively address the humanitarian and peacebuilding needs of the affected population. Among the major recommendations are the following: NGOs should empower people in affected communities to become self-sustaining rather than constantly providing for their needs with funds that are often limited. Also, there should be periods of ceasefire between government forces and separatist fighters to enable the NGOs to carry on their humanitarian and peacebuilding activities without being faced with the risk of being hit by a targeted or stray bullet. This is in line with the collective model of the Seybolt’s humanitarian systems theory that recommends NGOs should jointly carry out need assessments of the affected population and decide what each organisation will supply as per their specialisation to curb domain overlap, corruption and competition.
Ben Yedder Nadia
This paper aims to investigate the causal links that may exist between foreign direct investment, poverty and environmental quality and this study is particularly relevant for a set of countries in the MENA region. By performing an estimation for a simultaneous equation model using the the Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) technique for the period from 1996 to 2022, the results reveal a bidirectional causality between poverty and CO2 emissions. Notably, a unidirectional causal relationship emerges, with CO2 emissions influencing poverty without any feedback mechanism. However, no evidence of a significant relationship between FDI and poverty is found.
Dr. Abubakar Daniel, Usaku Tinza Mirian
This study employed an ex post facto descriptive survey research design to examine the use and impact of social media tools (SMTs) in the provision of library services among academic librarians in state-owned polytechnics in North-East Nigeria. The instrument's reliability was confirmed with a robust Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.89. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed a high adoption rate and significant experience in social media use among librarians in the region. WhatsApp and Facebook were identified as the most popular and user-friendly tools for library services. While librarians overwhelmingly reported a positive perception and high impact of social media on their services, a critical analysis of the data showed a weak and statistically non-significant positive relationship between social media use and its perceived impact (r=0.184, p>0.05). The study found a statistically significant impact only on specific services, such as teaching basic library search tools and facilitating user inquiries. The study recommends that future research with a larger sample size be conducted to bridge the gap between perception and verifiable outcomes
Aka-Okeke, Nnaedozie Ikemsinachi, Anthony Precious Chima, Ekenze, Chigozie John, Evi, Akarogbe, Gilson, Chukwuemeka Chukwuma, Okeke, Miracle Chidiebere, Oluka, Chinwuba Benedict
Primary Health Care (PHC) remains the foundation of Nigeria’s health system, yet utilization and satisfaction with PHC services remain suboptimal, particularly in rural areas. Understanding community-level patterns of knowledge, use, and satisfaction is essential for improving PHC delivery. This study assessed these factors and their determinants among adult residents of Umuna community, Orlu Local Government Area (LGA), Imo State, Nigeria. A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adults selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of PHC services, utilization patterns, and satisfaction. Knowledge, utilization, and satisfaction were scored using standardized scales. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 28 using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to explore associations between PHC utilization and sociodemographic variables. Most respondents were young adults (53.8%), female (68.3%), and traders or business owners. Knowledge of PHC services was moderate (39%), with high awareness of immunization (78%), antenatal care (67.3%), treatment of common illnesses (61.8%), and health education (59.5%). Overall, 61.3% had used PHC services within the past six months, though many preferred hospitals due to perceived shortages of drugs, inadequate staffing, and poor equipment. Satisfaction with PHC services was generally low to moderate (34%), and was significantly associated with occupation and marital status. Utilization was significantly associated with monthly income, knowledge level, and satisfaction (p < 0.05). Although awareness and utilization of PHC services in Umuna were relatively high compared to many Nigerian settings, satisfaction remained low due to persistent system challenges, misconceptions about PHC functions, and inadequate service delivery. Strengthening PHC infrastructure, improving drug supply and staffing, and enhancing community health education are essential to improving trust and optimizing PHC use.
Akuma, N., Nnadi, D.N., Nnubia, V.A, Okpube, N.M.
The study examined the utilization of resources for the implementation of early childhood education and care curriculum in pre-primary schools. Descriptive survey research design was used. Two research questions and two null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The population of the study consisted of 487 public pre-primary school teachers teaching in the six education zones in the seventeen local government areas of Enugu State. The sample for the study was 195 pre-primary school teachers. A questionnaire with reliability coefficient of 0.82 was used for data collection. Mean and standard deviation were used in answering the research questions while t-test was used to analyze the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that for effective teaching, some of the available resources were underutilized while some were not utilized at all. The study concluded that poor utilization of human and material resources in public pre-primary schools implies that the early childhood education and care curriculum is not being well implemented in public pre-primary schools. Thus, the researchers recommended that government should pay more attention to pre-primary schools in their states by ensuring that all the necessary materials needed for this level of education are adequately provided and well utilized.
Bhorhan Uddin Sawan, Dr. Md Abu Taib Al Refat, Mithun Chandra Banik, Professor Dr. Bishyajit Kumar Biswas, Sanjit Biswas
Dissolution test is needed to investigate the drug release of dosage form and its performance in vivo. The lot-to-lot quality of drug product is estimated by dissolution test. Research and validation of procedures of dissolution is of utmost significance during formation of new formulation and quality control. The process of dissolution should be adequately formulated and justified. This paper aims to summarize the creation and validation of dissolution procedure/s as well as to propose a feasible method of specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, and precision of the methods and limit of detection and limit of quantitation. Validation and development of dissolution test procedures may be an unwieldy process, in several dimensions. Techniques need to be generated and proven not only of the dissolution test technique per se, but also of some assay to determine the test outcomes [1]. This research aims at establishing, testing, and testing a strong dissolution process of Levofloxacin 750 mg tablets, using RP HPLC. The dissolution process will provide a reflection of what happens in vivo when administering the drug and assist in evaluating quality on a lot-to-lot basis and in the comparability of generic and brand-name products [2].
Chua Kok Yong, Lian Tiau Seng, Syaza Hazwani Binti Zaini, Wong Kung Teck
The rapid growth of digital technology is reshaping science education, particularly in chemistry where laboratory work is often constrained by cost, safety, and limited resources. These challenges are especially pressing in Malaysian Independent Chinese Secondary Schools (MICSS), where many laboratories lack updated facilities and technical support. This study sets out to design and evaluate a virtual experiment–based kit to supplement chemistry teaching and learning. A quasi-experimental design will be carried out with about 30 Junior 3 students in MICSS. Data will be collected through a Chemistry Knowledge Test, an Experimental Skills Test, and a Student Feedback Questionnaire, analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, supported by qualitative insights. Expected outcomes include stronger conceptual understanding, improved laboratory skills, and greater interest in STEM learning. The study also seeks to highlight challenges in teacher readiness and technological infrastructure, offering practical guidance for the effective integration of virtual experiments in MICSS classrooms.
EKOH Augustine Alobu, ELEMUO Chukwuebuka Stanley, NWAKANMA Agnes Akudo, OFOEGO Uzozie Chikere, OJEMENI Gloria Chinenye
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a growing public health concern, particularly among Nigerian youths, where it is often consumed for its stimulant and euphoric effects but is associated with severe neurotoxic and psychiatric consequences. This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of vitamin B-complex against METH-induced cerebellar and cerebral toxicity in adolescent male Wistar rats. Fifty-eight rats weighing 115–128 grams were used, with 28 employed for toxicity testing and 30 randomized into six experimental groups (n = 5). Group A (Negative Control) and received feed and distilled water only. Group B received 8 mg/kg of methamphetamine. Group C and D received 50 mg/kg and 100mg/kg of vitamin B-complex respectively. Group E received a co-administration of 8 mg/kg methamphetamine and 50 mg/kg of vitamin B-complex, while Group F received a co-administration of 8 mg/kg of methamphetamine and 100 mg/kg of vitamin B-complex. Treatments were administered orally for 28 days. Neurobehavioral evaluations (Morris water maze and hanging wire test) were conducted during days 24–28 to capture sub-chronic functional outcomes. At termination, animals were anesthetized, brains harvested, and tissues processed for biochemical and histological analysis. Results showed that METH-treated rats exhibited significant (p < 0.05) weight loss, prolonged escape latencies, impaired motor strength, increased lipid peroxidation, and reduced antioxidant markers (SOD, GSH), with histology revealing neuronal degeneration. In contrast, vitamin B-complex supplementation, alone or co-administered with METH, improved body weight, enhanced behavioral performance, normalized oxidative stress indices, and preserved cerebellar and cerebral histoarchitecture. These findings suggest that vitamin B-complex offers significant protection against METH-induced neurotoxicity, supporting its potential as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy for substance-related neurological disorders.
Bashir S. A., Olatunde A.O., Onaolapo A.A., Seidu S.
Vitamin E plays a critical role in antioxidant defense and immune function in poultry, yet optimal dietary inclusion levels remain poorly defined. This study investigated the dose-dependent effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and hematological indices in broiler chickens. Ninety-six day-old Marshall broiler chicks were distributed across four dietary treatments with graded vitamin E levels (n = 24 per treatment). Weight gain increased with increasing vitamin E supplementation, resulting in improved feed conversion ratio. Crude protein digestibility showed a positive dose-dependent response (p<0.001), while ether extract digestibility decreased with increasing vitamin E supplementation. Hematological parameters demonstrated variable responses to vitamin E levels. Serum biochemistry remained largely unaffected, except for low-density lipoprotein which showed a negative dose-dependent relationship. These findings indicate beneficial effects of vitamin E supplementation on growth performance and protein utilization in broilers. From a practical standpoint, the improved feed conversion ratio and enhanced protein digestibility associated with vitamin E supplementation offer favorable economic returns for commercial broiler production, making it a cost-effective nutritional strategy for poultry farmers.
Andiet Yoga Pamungkas, Irsan Tricahyadinata, Irwan Gani
This study investigated the complex interplay between workplace well-being, workplace incivility, job embeddedness, and turnover intention among employees in the logistics sector. Amid rising concerns about interpersonal mistreatment and employee retention, understanding how these interacting variables become critical in high-incivility environments is necessary. The primary objective is to assess the direct effects of wellbeing and incivility on turnover intention and examine whether job embeddedness moderates these relationships. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 160 logistics employees in East Kalimantan and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling with SmartPLS 4. The results reveal that workplace incivility has a strong positive effect on turnover intention, whereas workplace well-being has no significant effect. Job embeddedness significantly moderates the relationship between incivility and turnover intention, but not between well-being and turnover intention. These findings provide new insights into the boundary conditions of embeddedness theory and highlight the importance of social cohesion in mitigating the effects of negative workplace behaviors. Practical implications emphasize the need for respectful work culture and strategic HR interventions to strengthen employee attachment and reduce attrition risks in high-stress settings.
Ipshita Bansal, Niku
Objectives: This conceptual paper examines the evolving dynamics of psychological contracts and work centrality within higher education institutions (HEIs) in the post-COVID context. It aims to: (1) analyse how remote and hybrid work have reshaped psychological contracts in academia; (2) investigate the moderating influence of work centrality on employee engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB); and (3) propose an integrative conceptual framework linking psychological contract management (PCM), work centrality, and institutional sustainability. Methods: Adopting a conceptual and theory-driven approach, this study integrates insights from Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Human Capital Theory (HCT). A comprehensive synthesis of existing literature on psychological contracts, work centrality, and remote academic work underpins the development of a multi-level conceptual model. The framework positions PCM as a key antecedent of engagement and OCB, with work centrality acting as a moderator and sustainability outcomes (social, economic, and environmental) as the ultimate institutional objectives. Results: The analysis indicates that effective PCM fosters employee engagement and OCB, particularly among academics with high work centrality. These behaviours enhance institutional trust, innovation, and resilience, aligning with the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework. The model highlights that fulfilled psychological contracts strengthen reciprocity and discretionary behaviours, thereby promoting long-term institutional sustainability. Conclusions: Psychological contract management functions as a strategic enabler for sustainable higher education. By ensuring fairness, recognition, and flexibility, HEIs can align employee expectations with institutional goals, enhancing engagement and commitment. Future empirical research should validate the proposed framework across diverse academic and cultural contexts to substantiate its applicability and impact.
Alexander Uzochukwu Ogbunugwor, Catherine Omeriyang Madu (Ph.D)
Food security has been a source of concern globally. The paper underscores the need to promote youth participation in agriculture as a gateway towards achieving sustainable food security particularly in South-East, Nigeria. It proposes that by integrating youth perspectives and capabilities into agricultural practices, Nigeria can pave the way for a more resilient and prosperous agricultural future. These young people can bring new ideas and technologies to agriculture, leading to more food being produced. The paper is grounded in empowerment theory. It also discusses the impacts of youth participation in agriculture and their roles in achieving sustainable food security in Nigeria. The challenges confronting youth participation in agriculture were highlighted. The paper further examined the strategies as a way forward to enhance effective youth participation in agriculture for food sustainability. These include: changing the perception of people towards agriculture as a low pay and unattractive career, government to increase access to resources such as land, microloan and grants to support the youth, government to create jobs and empower the youth, among others. The paper concluded that by overcoming the challenges and adopting the proposed strategies, Nigerian youth can become active participants in securing the nation’s food supply.