Examining the Challenges of Technical and Vocational Education in Secondary School in Nigeria

Abstract

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is a vital component of Nigeria's educational system, designed to equip students with practical skills for employability and economic growth. However, despite its significance, TVET in Nigerian secondary schools faces numerous challenges that hinder its effectiveness. This study examines these challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, a shortage of qualified instructors, outdated curricula, negative societal perceptions, weak industry collaboration, and poor policy implementation. Drawing from historical and contemporary perspectives, the paper highlights the systemic failures that have marginalized TVET, contrasting Nigeria’s struggles with successful models from Germany, Singapore, and the United States, where vocational education is well-integrated with industry needs.
The study identifies key strategies for revitalizing TVET in Nigeria, such as curriculum modernization, enhanced teacher training, increased funding, public-private partnerships, and awareness campaigns to shift societal attitudes. Recommendations emphasize the need for government commitment, industry collaboration, and technological integration to align TVET with labor market demands. Without urgent reforms, Nigeria risks perpetuating youth unemployment and missing opportunities for economic diversification. The findings underscore the potential of TVET to drive national development if systemic challenges are addressed through evidence-based policies and sustained investment.