Infrastructure Inequality in the Alagoas Microregions: A Comparative Analysis based on Urban Indicators

Abstract

This article aims to analyze infrastructure disparities across the micro-regions of Alagoas, Brazil, using data from the 2022 Census. Based on ten standardized urban indicators, the study develops an Urban Quality Index (UQI), applying descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Results reveal three territorial groupings: Maceió with the highest infrastructure quality, intermediate micro-regions, and those with severe deficits, especially in interior and coastal areas. Accessibility indicators—such as bus stops, bike lanes, and wheelchair ramps—showed the lowest performance. These spatial inequalities reflect historical processes of land concentration, real estate speculation, and lack of equitable urban planning. The adopted methodology, based on public data and open-source tools, proves to be accessible and replicable. The findings indicate that urban infrastructure acts as both a reflection and a driver of social and territorial exclusion. The study provides evidence to guide regionalized public policies and emphasizes the need for territorially sensitive approaches to urban development.