314 Articles
Lady Li M. Miguel
This qualitative descriptive study focused on recognizing and understanding the learned and experienced aftercare programs of PDLs, the effects of aftercare programs in their social, economic, emotional, mental, and spiritual aspect, the challenges they faced upon reintegration, and some coping mechanisms of persons deprived of liberty or PDLs of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, Cabarroguis, Quirino. An in-depth interview guide was utilized to gather data for the study. There are three (3) PDLs consented as participants; the results revealed that the lack of supervision in their newfound freedom allowed them to choose whether to apply these programs. The participants also expressed the different effects of the aftercare programs on their daily lives, regarding various aspects. On the other hand, the challenges they faced in applying the aftercare programs and upon reintegration revealed that there are both positive and negative impacts on their lives. In addition, the coping mechanism of the penal graduate in dealing with those challenges they faced had a significant role in their life as they continue to live and hope for the future.
Arianlon Sweet S. Mortiga, Fritzie Segura, Jayson Rombaoa, Marissa Dela Cruz
This paper evaluates the strategic and economic feasibility of adopting an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system—specifically Odoo—within a Philippine distribution company experiencing operational inefficiencies arising from fragmented and manual processes. A single in-depth evaluative case study was employed, integrating the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework with economic assessment tools including cost–benefit analysis, return on investment (ROI), and payback period estimation. Results indicate strong technological fit between Odoo modules and existing workflows, adequate organizational readiness supported by leadership commitment, and favorable environmental pressures. The economic evaluation indicates a projected ROI of 55.4 per cent, with an estimated payback period of approximately eight months. The study provides managers and decision-makers with an evidence-based framework for evaluating ERP investments, emphasizing the importance of aligning technological suitability, organizational readiness, and financial justification before implementation. This study contributes to the enterprise information management literature by integrating the TOE framework with formal economic evaluation in a real-world distribution firm context, thereby addressing the limited empirical evidence from Philippine distribution companies.
Althea A. Mendoza Jean Q. Yago, Archie A. Perpetua, Divina F. Beldad, Edrian M. Mancilla, Kevin Carl M. Mortiz
The rapid shift from traditional face-to-face instruction to technology-mediated online learning has transformed educational delivery, raising important questions about its effects on student motivation and academic performance. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory and Expectancy-Value Theory, this study examined the levels of student motivation and academic performance in traditional and online learning environments and determined whether significant differences exist between the two modalities in the Philippine higher education context. A descriptive-correlational quantitative design was employed involving 65 first-year education students who had experienced both learning modalities. Data were collected using a validated survey questionnaire measuring motivation and academic performance and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and inferential tests. Results revealed that students demonstrated higher motivation and stronger academic performance in traditional face-to-face learning compared to online learning. Indicators related to classroom interaction, discipline, and engagement obtained the highest mean scores, while online learning indicators were rated only moderately. A very strong positive correlation was found between frequency of engagement in learning modalities and academic performance (r = 0.916, p < 0.001). These findings indicate that direct interaction and structured learning environments significantly enhance students’ motivation and academic outcomes. The study concludes that while online learning offers flexibility, traditional classroom instruction remains more effective in sustaining motivation and academic success, highlighting the need to improve digital learning designs to better support student engagement and self-regulation.
Che Amnah binti Bahari, Ismail bin Mamat
Bibliometric analysis is a well-liked and exacting technique for investigating and analysing vast amounts of scientific data. It allows researchers to explore a field’s development history while illuminating its frontiers. However, its integration within Islamic Thought is still relatively new and frequently insufficient. The paper summarises the article journals’ write-up between 2019 and 2023 on Islamization of knowledge, identifies current trends, and makes recommendations for potential areas to focus on for future research. A bibliometric analysis using information gleaned from the Dimensions database was carried out on articles titled “Islamization of knowledge” in their titles, abstracts, and keywords. Subsequently, VOS viewer software obtained publishing trends, citation index per year, highly cited papers and keyword co-occurrence network.
Jeefferie Abd Razak, Nasri Semiun, Shamsul Bahari Azraai, Thinakaran Narayanan
Plastic waste has become one of the defining sustainability challenges of our time, demanding a decisive shift from the linear “take–make–dispose” model toward a circular plastic economy. This brief review paper examines how circularity in plastics is being advanced through innovative approaches such as product redesign, advanced recycling technologies, and policy instruments, including Circular Economy Blueprints and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). Yet, the transition is constrained by systemic barriers: deficits in infrastructure, uneven public awareness, weak enforcement, and fragmented regional strategies. Beyond technical interventions, the circular economy of plastics requires a social perspective that acknowledges the environmental, economic, and societal costs of mismanaged waste. Failures in recycling systems intensify hidden risks, notably microplastic pollution and human health impacts, underscoring the urgency of comprehensive reform. Pathways to overcoming these barriers include strategic regional collaboration, scientific innovation, and inclusive governance frameworks that integrate social responsibility with technological progress. By situating these dynamics within broader debates on sustainable development, this paper offers insights into practical strategies for embedding circularity in plastic recycling and advancing resilience across diverse contexts.
Canggas, Alan L, Catalonia, Renel Khem C, Kristal May V. Maldepeña, MSCJ, Lapura, Gracel Ann B, Perez, Jaspher June B
Cyberbullying, which predominantly occurs on private social media platforms, often remains concealed from school authorities due to its covert nature and the reluctance of victims to report incidents. This issue has become increasingly concerning for senior high school students, who frequently face emotional, social, and academic challenges as a result of online harassment. To explore these experiences in depth, this study employs a qualitative case study design focusing on victims of cyberbullying within a selected educational institution. Participants were purposively sampled, and data were gathered through in-depth interviews to capture their personal accounts and perceptions. Data analysis followed Yin’s six-stage approach, consisting of planning, design, preparation, data collection, analysis, and sharing of findings. Several significant themes emerged from the analysis, including emotional withdrawal, shame, and social isolation. These themes highlight the profound impact of cyberbullying on students’ emotional well-being and interpersonal relationships. Many participants described feelings of vulnerability and distress, which often extended into their academic performance and overall school engagement. The study concludes that cyberbullying remains a covert yet serious concern that requires sustained and targeted intervention. Given its hidden nature, traditional disciplinary approaches are often insufficient. Therefore, it is recommended that schools implement comprehensive awareness programs, strengthen student support systems, and cultivate a culture of empathy, openness, and digital responsibility. Such measures are essential to effectively prevent, identify, and address cyberbullying, ultimately fostering a safer and more supportive learning environment for all students.
Chou Tze Ying, Wan Mohd Sabki Wan Omar
This study aims to investigate the embodied energy (EE) and embodied carbon (EC) of cast-in-situ (CIS) and industrialized building system (IBS) methods in the construction phase of residential buildings within the Malaysian construction industry. The objectives are to determine the EE and EC values for both methods and recommend the most environmentally sustainable option. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted using Staad Pro V8i software to model and analyse the building components. The study found that the IBS method consistently resulted in the lowest EE (GJ/m²) and EC (tCO₂e/m²) values across all building types, with the 2-storey bungalow achieving the lowest values. It was observed that the total floor area, building materials, and component sizes significantly impact the EE and EC results. The research concludes that these factors are critical in minimizing the environmental footprint of residential buildings, thereby achieving the study's objectives of identifying the most sustainable construction method.
Khofizhoah Mohd Karim
This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scholarly publications on smart cities with the aim of examining the intellectual structure, thematic evolution, and collaborative patterns within this rapidly expanding research domain. Despite the growing volume of smart cities literature, existing studies often remain fragmented, making it difficult to obtain a systematic understanding of dominant research themes, methodological orientations, and global knowledge production trends. To address this gap, this study employed a structured bibliometric methodology based on data retrieved through advanced searching in the Scopus database, resulting in a final dataset of 718 relevant publications. Descriptive statistics and preliminary trend analyses were conducted using the Scopus analyser to examine publication growth, subject area distribution, and citation patterns. OpenRefine was subsequently utilised to clean, standardise, and harmonise bibliographic records, ensuring consistency in author names, keywords, and institutional affiliations. VOSviewer was then applied to visualise co-occurrence networks of author keywords and co-authorship collaboration patterns, enabling the identification of major research clusters and international collaboration structures. The findings reveal that smart cities research is anchored around core themes such as sustainability, urban development, governance, and information and communication technologies, with emerging emphasis on artificial intelligence, internet of things, and data driven decision making. The numerical results further indicate strong international collaboration led by countries in Europe, North America, and Asia Pacific. Overall, this study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a structured and integrative overview of smart cities research, offering valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to understand research trends, identify gaps, and inform future research directions.
Dr. Enosegbe, Daniel Lucky, Dr. Suleiman Abu Usman, Dr. Theophilus Aniemeka Enem
Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide health issue, with the rising prevalence and serious prolonged issues, such as cardiovascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, and sight loss. Early diagnosis is essential to avoid irredeemable harm, but traditional diagnostic tools, e.g., blood glucose and HbA1c testing, are invasive, periodic and unavailable in low-resource environments. The retinal fundus imaging is a non-invasive alternative that captures microvascular alterations related to early diabetes and therefore has the potential of being an effective modality in predictive screening. The study proposed a deep learning-based predicting framework of early diabetic diseases through retinal fundus images. The framework operates on a convolutional neural network (CNN) that operates on a pre-trained ResNet-50 backbone on a training based on transfer learning and fine-tuning. Preprocessing of the data was done by determining the quality of images, resizing, data normalization, and contrast enhancement with CLAHE, noise removal, and data augmentation to address the class imbalance. The dataset used in experiments contained 12,000 retinal images, subdivided into the training, validation, and testing groups, and such evaluation measures as accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1-score, and ROC-AUC were used to evaluate the methods. Grad-CAM visualizations were used so that the interpretations are interpretable and relevant to clinical application. The results demonstrates high predictive performance, with an accuracy of 94.2% precision of 92.8, recall of 93.1 and F1-score of 93.1 and ROC-AUC of 0.96. The model was effective in addressing interpretable clinically meaningful retinal areas. The contributions made are a strong, non-invasive predictive model, elaborate preprocessing plans and thorough assessment. This paper indicates that AI retinal analysis is potentially valuable in prompt detection of diabetes in the initial phases of the illness to provide early interventions and enhance patient health outcomes.
Abdul Allim Abd Wahid, Ahmad Afiq Abd Jalil, Amardeep Singh Sidhu Surjit Singh, Muhmmad Haziq Fitri Mohamad Khairizal, Nur Raidah Rahim, Richki Hardi
Attendance tracking remains a fundamental component of academic administration, serving as a basis for evaluating student engagement, verifying participation, and ensuring institutional accountability. Traditional methods—such as manual roll calls, paper-based sign-in sheets, or RFID card systems—are often inefficient, susceptible to human error, and unsuitable for environments requiring contactless interactions. In response to these limitations, this study presents a real-time student attendance tracking system that leverages facial recognition technology built using Google Teachable Machine. The proposed solution integrates a web-based interface with a lightweight machine learning model capable of processing live video streams, identifying students, and automatically logging attendance with minimal human intervention. The system was designed to balance accessibility, accuracy, and performance through a structured model development pipeline. A curated dataset containing variations in lighting, facial orientation, and expression was prepared to enhance the robustness of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) during real-world operation. The trained model was deployed using TensorFlow.js to enable real-time inference directly within a browser environment, eliminating the need for extensive backend computational resources and supporting seamless integration with existing academic workflows. Experimental evaluation demonstrated strong performance, achieving recognition accuracy exceeding 90% under controlled settings while maintaining reliable functionality in more challenging conditions, including suboptimal lighting and partial facial occlusion. The system effectively mitigated common administrative challenges by reducing manual workload, improving the precision of attendance records, and ensuring efficient real-time data capture. Nonetheless, limitations associated with environmental variability highlight opportunities for further refinement in model training and system architecture. Overall, the findings indicate that CNN-based facial recognition systems offer a practical and scalable solution for modernizing attendance management in educational contexts. The proposed framework contributes to ongoing advancements in AI-supported educational technologies and underscores the potential for expanding automated administrative tools within broader institutional ecosystems.
R. R. Raghavi
Investment behaviour and preferences of rural households play a crucial role in promoting financial inclusion and economic development. This study examines the investment behaviour and preferences of rural households in Udumalpet, focusing on their awareness, attitudes, and choice of investment avenues. The research aims to identify the factors influencing investment decisions, such as income level, education, risk perception, and access to financial institutions. The data has been collected through structured questionnaire and analysed. The research methodology employed in this study includes the percentage analysis and chi-square test. The study revealed that a majority of rural households prefer traditional and low-risk investment options such as bank deposits, post office savings schemes, gold, and insurance, while participation in market-linked investments like mutual funds and shares remains limited due to lack of awareness and fear of risk. The findings also indicate that financial literacy significantly influences investment choices and long-term planning. The study concludes that improving financial awareness and accessibility to formal financial services can encourage rural households to diversify their investment portfolios.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azidah Abu Ziden, Mahalecumy NarayananSamy
A flipped classroom, also known as an inverted classroom, has garnered significant attention from educational researchers and educators. In this instructional approach, traditional lecture content is delivered outside the classroom, while in-class time is dedicated to interactive and student-centered learning activities. However, despite its advantages, numerous studies have highlighted the challenges associated with the implementation of flipped classrooms. The mixed findings from past research motivated this study to conduct a systematic literature review on assessment practices in higher education. This study conducts a systematic literature review focusing specifically on formative assessment practices in flipped classrooms at the tertiary level. The review aims to examine (i) current formative assessment practices, (ii) the types of formative assessment employed, and (iii) the tools used to support formative assessment in flipped classroom settings. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol to ensure methodological rigor and transparency. Relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches of major academic databases, including Web of Science and Scopus. In this process, a total of 471 articles were selected and 13 articles were identified adhering to the inclusion criteria. The findings of this study guide educators, researchers, and stakeholders in effectively implementing assessment practices in the flipped classroom at higher institutions.
Dr. Annie L. Deriada, King Jehu II Q. Radaza
This tracer study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the employability and career trajectories of graduates from Central Mindanao University's (CMU) Bachelor of Science in Agribusiness Management (BSAM) program, with the primary objective of gathering data to inform curriculum enhancements and improve academic services. Employing a descriptive statistical methodology, the research utilized online surveys and personal interviews to collect and analyze information regarding graduates' demographic profiles, employment status, job satisfaction, and perceptions of their academic preparation. The findings reveal a highly employable and versatile graduate groups, with a nearly even distribution of employment between the government (120 graduates) and private (126 graduates) sectors. A significant proportion of those in public service (46%) are employed directly within the agriculture sector, demonstrating strong alignment between their education and career path. In the private sector, graduates are concentrated primarily in the service industry (45%), with notable engagement in trading (19%) and self-employment (16%). Financially, the largest group (24%) earns a basic monthly salary between Php 20,000 and Php 30,000, which is well above the national poverty threshold. Furthermore, the data indicates a rapid transition into the workforce, with a majority of graduates (51%) securing their first job within six months of graduation. The overarching conclusion of this study is that the BSAM program at CMU effectively equips its graduates with the necessary skills and knowledge for a diverse range of occupations, affirming the curriculum's relevance and the high value of its graduates in the competitive labor market.
Wang Ling, You Xuemin, Zhang Ruidan
In contemporary design education, short-term teaching formats often struggle to translate brand strategy and design management into coherent and tangible design outcomes. This study proposes a Two-Week Brand Incubation Model as a practice-based pedagogical framework for industrial design education, aiming to bridge strategic thinking and design execution within a compressed timeframe. The model structures an intensive learning process in which student teams simulate early-stage brand development through brand positioning, user research, design language systems, user experience mapping and product visualisation. A role-based team structure is introduced to reflect interdisciplinary professional practice. Using a practice-based research approach, the study analyses course implementation, design artefacts and reflective documentation. Findings indicate that the incubation model supports the development of systemic design thinking, strategic coherence and collaborative competence, demonstrating higher efficiency in aligning brand strategy with design outcomes compared with conventional studio projects. The study contributes a replicable and transferable pedagogical framework for integrating brand strategy into short-term design education.
Nor Ahsan Nor Azman, Shaharil Mad Saad
Emergency alert systems that rely solely on auditory signals pose significant risks to the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) community, especially in public and crowded environments. In response to this accessibility gap, this project focuses on the design and implementation of a vibrotactile emergency alert bracelet that delivers non-auditory feedback using real-time environmental sound recognition. The bracelet integrates an Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect microcontroller, which features an onboard MP34DT06JTR MEMS microphone (Arduino, n.d.), and employs a mini vibration motor and OLED display to provide tactile and visual alerts. Emergency sound types, including fire alarms, sirens, and public announcements, are classified using machine learning models trained with Edge Impulse. The vibration feedback is controlled through Linear Resonant Actuators (LRAs), chosen for their efficient, low- power haptic performance in wearable devices. Feature extraction is performed using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), and classification models are evaluated based on accuracy, latency, and robustness to untrained samples. The system was validated through real-world testing, and results demonstrate high classification accuracy for tonal alerts and effective user recognition of vibration patterns. Limitations remain in detecting speech-based announcements. Battery drains tests and user surveys confirm the system’s reliability for daily short-term usage. This project presents a cost-effective, wearable solution that enhances situational awareness and safety for the DHH community in emergency scenarios.
Ab Rahim Ibrahim, Ahmad Ridzwan Mohd Noor, Ismail Ibrahim, Radzuan Nordin
This paper provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the theological and ethical doctrines surrounding usury within the three Abrahamic traditions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The primary objective of this study is to investigate how these ancient scriptural prohibitions navigate the functional demands of modern commercial finance and to identify the persistent tensions between moral economies and market-driven capital requirements. The methodology employs a four-part analytical framework. It begins with a critical review of foundational sacred texts—specifically the Torah, the New Testament, and the Qur'an—to establish the scriptural bedrock of the prohibition. This is followed by a historical analysis of the strategies used by adherents to interpret and circumvent these laws over centuries. Finally, the study applies these historical insights to contemporary case studies, including the UK payday lending crisis and the evolution of the global Islamic banking and finance (IBF) industry. The results indicate that while each faith maintains a foundational condemnation of exploitative lending, they have all developed remarkably similar methods of reinterpretation and contractual innovation. These include narrowing the legal definition of usury, creating exemptions for out-group lending, and utilizing "legal fictions"—such as the Heter Iska in Judaism, the contractum trinius in Medieval Christianity, and Murabahah in modern Islamic finance—to replicate the economic outcomes of interest-bearing loans while maintaining formal religious compliance.The study concludes that the debate over usury is a rich intellectual heritage with direct relevance to 21st-century economic justice. Paradoxically, the Islamic tradition, which holds the most absolute prohibition against riba, has established the most formalized system of circumvention through the global Islamic banking sector. Ultimately, the conflict between protecting the vulnerable and the systemic requirements of capital remains an unresolved and defining challenge for human society, offering a framework for designing more ethical global financial systems.
Han Zicheng, Poh Chuin Teo
In the context of mass higher education and intensifying competition among private institutions in China, enrollment sustainability has emerged as a critical strategic challenge. This study addresses enrollment inefficiencies in a private higher education institution in Guangxi by conducting a context-based and systematic organizational diagnosis. Drawing on mixed qualitative diagnostic tools, including PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, semi-structured stakeholder interviews, thematic analysis, fishbone (cause-and-effect) analysis, and a structured risk assessment matrix, the study identifies the underlying drivers of persistent gaps between planned and actual student enrollment. Findings reveal that weak brand awareness and limited digital visibility constitute the most critical and systemic constraints on enrollment performance, outweighing issues related to pricing, course design, and marketing channels. The risk assessment further confirms brand-related deficiencies as high-severity risks requiring immediate strategic intervention. By integrating environmental analysis with internal process diagnostics, this research contributes to the higher education branding literature by demonstrating how brand communication functions as a strategic bottleneck influencing enrollment outcomes. Practically, the study offers a structured diagnostic framework to guide private higher education institutions in aligning brand communication strategies with market demand, digital transformation, and sustainable enrollment management, particularly in developing regions of China.
Moses Motapene Obase Mudika, Mudika Samson Mudika, Wa-Ekosano Josua Modika
This study aimed to assess the limitations and applicability of Nkrumah’s Philosophical Consciencism in addressing the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon, with a focus on its relevance to conflict resolution. The specific objectives were to investigate the philosophical foundations of consciencism, analyze its potential in resolving the Anglophone crisis, and examine its limitations in this context. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design, with a sample size of 132 students from the University of Buea’s Departments of Public Administration, History and Political Science. Purposive sampling was employed to ensure that the respondents had relevant academic engagement with African philosophical thought. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire that included demographic details and sections focused on each of the study’s objectives, measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, such as mean counts and standard deviations, were used for initial analysis, while multiple linear regressions was employed to explore the relationship between consciencism and conflict resolution. Key findings showed that consciencism practical solutions for the crisis were insufficient, with most mean scores below 3, except for some aspects related to collective identity. Regression analysis indicated significant limitations (β = 0.76, p < 0.05) of consciencism in addressing the Anglophone crisis. The study recommends the development of a more context-specific philosophical framework that addresses Cameroon’s unique sociopolitical realities.
Abd Shukur Jaafar, Maizatul Alice Meor Said, Mohammad Harris Misran, Mohd Azlishah Othman, Nurmala Irdawaty Hassan, Redzuan Abd Manap, Shadia Suhaimi, Yoga Tri Nugraha
This study investigates the determinants of AI adoption in higher education institutions in Malaysia and Indonesia using an integrated analytical framework that combines behavioral, institutional, and training-related factors. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2025, yielding 748 valid responses from academic staff and students (response rate: 34%). The analysis employed logistic regression, ordinal regression, structural path modeling, heatmap segmentation, and machine learning clustering. Results demonstrate that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are the strongest predictors of AI usage and user satisfaction, with standardized effects exceeding those of demographic variables. AI training significantly increases adoption likelihood, raising sustained AI usage probability by over 40% among trained participants. Malaysian institutions exhibit higher adoption maturity, with AI training participation of 68.3% compared to 54.1% in Indonesian institutions. However, satisfaction levels in both countries remain largely neutral to moderate, indicating that AI integration is still at a transitional stage. Compared with prior research, this study advances understanding of AI adoption by integrating advanced statistical modeling with machine learning methods, offering stronger empirical evidence for policy design and leadership decision-making in higher education.
Archie A. Perpetua, Jamaica C. Manjares, Merelyn S. Nolial, Regine Maye H. Solano, Reizel Ann N. Escaño, Sarah Jean A. Peñaflor
Concerns about students' dependence and writing development have been raised by the growing integration of artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT, which has changed academic writing practices in higher education. This study looked at how often first-year Filipino major students at Central Bicol State University of Agriculture (CBSUA) used ChatGPT, how dependent they were on it, and how it related to their academic writing performance. 42 first-year Bachelor of Secondary Education students majoring in Filipino were included in the study, which used a descriptive-correlational research design. A validated 30-item survey was used to collect the data, which were then analyzed using frequency, weighted mean, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient at a significance level of 0.05 using Google Forms. The findings showed that students regularly used ChatGPT for academic writing and a validated 30-item survey was used to collect the data, which were then analyzed using frequency, weighted mean, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient at a significance level of 0.05 using Google Forms. The findings showed that students were highly dependent on ChatGPT and regularly used it for academic writing. Additionally, results showed a strong perceived correlation between students' academic writing performance and their use of ChatGPT, especially with regard to organization, grammar, and content development. The study comes to the conclusion that although ChatGPT is a helpful learning tool, over-reliance on it may affect students' writing autonomy. This underscores the necessity of integrating AI tools in academic writing instruction in a guided and ethical manner.
Dr. Hossameldin Ibrahim, Dr. Saheed Abdullahi Busari
In Malaysia, poverty alleviation has largely been approached through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which focus on economic growth, institutional efficiency, and social inclusion. While these measures have delivered important progress, they are grounded in a secular paradigm that overlooks ethical, spiritual, and moral aspects of human welfare. From an Islamic perspective, these dimensions are integral to well-being, and their absence creates a conceptual gap in the way poverty is addressed. This study aims to bridge that gap by exploring the epistemological alignment between Maqasid al-Shariah and the SDGs. It seeks to examine their foundational principles, identify points of convergence and divergence, and propose a framework for reframing poverty alleviation in Malaysia. The research employs a qualitative design that combines library-based analysis with expert engagement. Classical texts on Maqasid al-Shariah, are examined alongside contemporary SDG literature. To enrich this analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with scholars of Maqasid and practitioners involved in SDG implementation, providing both theoretical and applied perspectives. The study finds strong complementarities between Maqasid objectives, such as the preservation of life, intellect, wealth, and lineage, and SDG targets on poverty reduction, education, and equity. Yet, it also highlights the SDGs’ lack of spiritual and transcendental dimensions central to the Maqasid worldview. By developing a conceptual framework that treats poverty as a multidimensional issue requiring both material and spiritual responses, the study contributes to the theoretical foundations of integrating Islamic epistemology with global development paradigms and sets the stage for more holistic poverty alleviation strategies.
Halijah Bt. Ibrahim, Jinfeng Li, Wang Sheng, Wu ZeYu, Xiaojie Niu
This paper explores the key factors influencing the performance of badminton players in high-level competitions, with a particular focus on the cultivation and impact of psychological qualities. The study reveals that athletes typically require 13 to 15 years of systematic training encompassing physical fitness, technical skills, tactical strategies, and psychological conditioning. Psychological qualities, as a crucial component of athletic performance, directly affect athletes' emotions, cognition, and willpower, thereby playing a pivotal role in competitive scenarios. By analyzing data from elite badminton players in Guangdong Province, this study identifies critical factors affecting on-court performance, including age, family atmosphere, best previous achievements before championship titles, and self-regulation abilities. The findings indicate that strong psychological qualities and family support significantly enhance athletes' performance, laying a solid foundation for their professional careers. Lastly, the study integrates the Psychological Journey Theory to examine how pivotal events at different stages of an athlete's development impact their mental resilience and competitive performance.
Ebiye Charles, Mubasshir Waliyu Lukman, Wachukwu Elendu
The study was to an evaluation of principals’ supervisory practices on academic performance in mathematics among secondary school students in Rivers State. Four hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted the survey design on a population of 268 public senior secondary schools and 31,945 senior secondary two (SSII) students. A sample size of 810 senior secondary two students was selected via the multi-stage sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was a test titled “Students’ Academic Performance Test in Mathematics (SAPTM)”. The test was validated by experts and subjected to a test re-test reliability index of .89. The analysis was done using Paired Sample t-test with aid of IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0. The results revealed that, all the variables appeared strongly statistically significant: The p-value is less than the chosen alpha value or significance level (p < 0.05). In conclusion the study indicated that, there is a significant influence of principals’ supervisory practices on academic performance in mathematics among secondary school students in Rivers State. Thus recommendations were that: Principals should regularly conduct classroom observations to monitor teaching practices and provide constructive feedback to teachers; Principals should implement strict policies to ensure teachers consistently attend their lessons; Principals should regularly review and scrutinize teachers' schemes of work to ensure they are comprehensive and aligned with curriculum standards and Principals should schedule regular conferences with teachers to discuss instructional strategies, classroom challenges, and student progress.
Dr. Albana Kosovrasti, Dr. Sonila Papathimiu, Ornela Hasrama
Aim: This study investigates youth emigration from Albania during the period 1990–2020, focusing on migration intentions among university students and the socio-economic factors influencing these intentions. The analysis concentrates on Geography students at the University of Tirana and places their migration expectations in comparative context with existing empirical evidence on Albanian medical students, a group typically associated with high-skilled migration. Methods: The study combines a historical review of major phases of Albanian emigration with quantitative survey data collected from Bachelor and Master students in Geography at the University of Tirana (n = 354). Data on medical students are not collected directly but are drawn from secondary sources, including published studies and national reports, to support contextual comparison. Quantitative analysis employs descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and chi-square tests to examine relationships between emigration intentions, socio-economic perceptions, field of study, and the role of social networks. Established migration frameworks, including push–pull theory and cumulative causation, guide the interpretation. Results: The results show that emigration intentions among Geography students are high, with 68–76% reporting plans or strong expectations to migrate. The most frequently cited drivers include economic insecurity, low anticipated wages, limited career prospects, and perceived governance problems. Preferred destination countries are Germany, the United Kingdom, and Italy. When compared with findings from studies on medical students, the results indicate that high emigration propensity is not limited to internationally competitive professions. Implications and Limitations: The findings suggest that youth emigration in Albania reflects broader labor-market and institutional constraints rather than discipline-specific opportunity structures alone. However, as the study is based on a single academic institution and self-reported intentions, the results should be interpreted as exploratory and not fully generalizable to all Albanian students.
Dr. John K. Keter, Dr. Joy M. Wabuke
This study investigated the status of teacher retooling and its influence on the implementation of the Competency-Based Education (CBE) curriculum in Senior Schools in Bomet County, Kenya. A descriptive survey research design employing mixed methods was adopted. The target population comprised 345 teachers and 32 principals, from which a sample of 185 teachers and 10 principals was selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires and interview guides. A pilot study was conducted to establish the suitability of the research instruments, yielding a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.87, which indicated strong reliability. Content and construct validity were ensured through expert review and alignment with the study objectives. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and linear regression, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that 72.4% of the teachers had undergone CBC retooling; however, most training sessions were short-term and lacked adequate follow-up support. A significant positive relationship was established between teacher retooling and CBE implementation (r = 0.684, p < 0.05). Regression analysis further showed that teacher retooling was a significant predictor of effective CBE implementation (β = 0.684, p < 0.05), accounting for 46.8% of the variance in implementation outcomes. The study concluded that effective teacher retooling significantly enhances successful CBE implementation in Senior Schools. It therefore recommends sustained continuous professional development, extended and well-structured retooling programmes, and strengthened mentorship systems to ensure effective and sustainable curriculum implementation.
Dzamara Tafadzwa, Mapuranga Danemore, Mupa Prosper
This study presents an outcome evaluation of a mobile banking project implemented by a local bank in Zimbabwe, focusing on its impact on financial inclusion, user adoption, and broader economic effects. Mobile banking has emerged as a vital tool in expanding access to financial services, especially in rural areas where traditional banking infrastructure is scarce. The evaluation examined the impact of the bank's mobile platform on users' financial behaviors, focusing on factors such as user-friendliness, accessibility, and overall satisfaction. The research utilizes qualitative methods, gathering data from a sample of mobile banking users and key informants. The findings aim to offer a comprehensive understanding of the project’s outcomes, highlighting both successes and challenges, as well as areas for improvement. Employing an exploratory research design, the study uses purposive sampling to select participants who are directly engaged with or impacted by the mobile banking initiative. In-depth interviews were conducted to gather rich, contextual data, providing insights into user experiences and operational aspects of the project. The evaluation identifies several key factors influencing the adoption and use of mobile banking, including digital literacy, network connectivity, trust in technology, and socio-economic barriers. It also explores the role of the bank in promoting the mobile platform, examining its communication strategies, customer support systems, and outreach efforts. The results reveal significant improvements in financial inclusion, with many participants gaining access to banking services for the first time. However, challenges such as limited internet access in rural areas, low financial literacy, and concerns about security persist. Additionally, the study highlights gaps in the implementation of the mobile banking project and offers recommendations for enhancing its effectiveness. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on mobile banking in sub-Saharan Africa, providing valuable insights for other financial institutions aiming to expand mobile banking services in similar contexts. Ultimately, the evaluation provides actionable recommendations for the bank to refine its strategy and ensure the long-term success and sustainability of its mobile banking initiative.
Ali Musa Muhammad, Daiyabu Zubairu Gano, Umar Abba Jauro, Usman Auwalu, Yahaya Ado Umar
Solid waste and its management are crucial to cities existence, particularly in third world communities. The advancement in GIS technology provides viable means of integrating digital and existing management practices in terms of spatial pattern and the distribution to aid waste management analysis and suggest effective strategies for efficient waste management. This study investigates the existing solid waste management practices in Wudil town through a careful examination of the spatial pattern of waste collection points (WCP) using Nearest Neighbor Analysis (NNA) in ArcGIS which was compared with world standards alongside residents’ attitude towards waste management. The research employs the used of stratified and systematic random sampling where 396 questionnaire was returned and used in the analysis. The spatial analysis using NNA highlight the distribution of 70 informal WCP as compared to 9 formal WCP with Z-score of 0.013 and 3.203 indicating a 1% and less than 1% likelihood that the patterns of these WCP (Formal and informal) is Dispersed and Random respectively. The observable mean distance for formal WCP is found to be 48m above the maximum 500m standard set by the UN-Habitat and 211m for informal WCP suggesting indiscriminate refuse dumping. Attitudes towards waste disposal were observed to be in open spaces and drainages with 49.7% of the respondents engaging in such activity. The study reveals 24tons of daily waste generation in Wudil town from which residential land use contributes (17.7tons), commercial (4.3tons) and 2tons of waste from mix used developments putting Wudil at an estimate of 718tons of waste per month promoting youth employment in the informal sector through waste separation, scaling and further transportation to Kano metropolis for recycling. The study therefore concludes by recommending the integration of GIS techniques in waste management towards producing a more sustainable and viable waste management plan.
Juanita, Mohd Lutfi Dolhalit, Muhammad Hafizi bin Mohd Ali, Nor Hafizah Adnan, Norazah Mohd Nordin, Norshahidatul Hasana Ishak, Siti Nurul Mahfuzah Mohamad
An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder, social communication and social interaction deficits. Children with autism have restricted repetitive behaviours, activities, and narrow interests. ASD also makes it hard for them to imitate, pay attention to the same thing at the same time, understand goals, share feelings, and use language to communicate and play with other people. They are usually in their own world. To assist these children with autism, there are lots of tries to help them ease their daily activities and learning sessions. This paper discusses the implementation and impact of technology for autism in education. The paper review uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) method with a specific keyword, which is “autism robot special education technology”. Our results show that technology can create both enjoyable and challenging learning settings. Most of the technologies are used to assist the learning process. Hence, special education can use technology to help children with autism, such as robots, video, virtual reality, interactive environments, games, and others that impact autism education. The review found that a humanoid robot is the most suitable to assist these children. Some elements and learning styles also have been discovered in this study. These technologies will positively impact children with autism by increasing social communication, cognitive ability, emotional dimensions, and learning environment. This study is limited to three online databases: Scopus, WoS, and IEEE. Future research with a different online database might be advantageous.
Anis Novitasari, Fredrika Nancy Losu, Joice Mermy Laoh, Rekawati Susilaningrum
Anemia among adolescent girls remains a critical public health issue in Indonesia, with low adherence to Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) or Blood Supplement Tablets (TTD). Effective health promotion is essential to improve knowledge and combat this problem. This study aimed to analyze the effect of health promotion using an e-flyer on knowledge about TTD among first-year midwifery students. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The population was all 133 first-year female midwifery students at a health polytechnic in Manado. A sample of 115 students was selected based on inclusion criteria (active, willing to participate). The intervention was a digital educational e-flyer on TTD. Data were collected via a validated e-questionnaire and hemoglobin (Hb) measurement before and after the intervention. Analysis included univariate description and a paired sample t-test of bivariate analysis. There was a significant increase in knowledge after the intervention. The proportion of students with ‘Good’ knowledge rose from 13.9% to 93.0%. The paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference (mean difference = -33.730, t = -21.513, p = 0.000). Hb levels also improved markedly, with 97.4% achieving non-anemic levels (>11 g/dL) post-intervention compared to 21.7% beforehand. Targeted digital health promotion via an e-flyer significantly improved knowledge about TTD and was associated with better hemoglobin levels among midwifery students. Integrating similar digital health education into health professional curricula is recommended. Future research should employ controlled longitudinal designs to confirm causality and assess long-term knowledge retention and behavioral impact.
Gomila Gunalankara
Peace and conflict resolution have become vital amid various global conflicts. This study aims to examine Buddhist psychological concepts and practices related to apology and forgiveness, and to develop a systematic framework for conflict resolution, peace-building, and reconciliation grounded in these principles. The research was conducted through textual analysis using qualitative methodologies, examining Buddhist canonical texts alongside relevant secondary sources. Employing thematic analysis, four main themes and their related subthemes were identified and explored from the collected data: foundations in Buddhist principles and practices, monastic rituals of apology and forgiveness, meditative practices that foster these qualities, and modern applications and frameworks for reconciliation. The study reveals that the concepts of apology and forgiveness are embedded in early Buddhist practices and cultures, playing a crucial role in conflict resolution and maintaining peace and harmony among individuals and nations. The ritual of apology and forgiveness practised by Buddhist monks serves as a model for seeking and granting reconciliation. The comprehensive framework offered by Buddhist psychology concerning apology and forgiveness is highly relevant to current efforts in conflict resolution, peace-building, and reconciliation. Future research should investigate cultural sensitivities and potential barriers to implementing these Buddhist teachings and practices for conflict resolution and peace.
Ani Mazlina Dewi Mohamed, Hafizz Al-Amirrul Bin Mohd Zanial, Johan @ Eddy Luaran, Mohd Fitry Bin Yahya, Mohd Zahrul Bin Baharin
This research aims to reach expert consensus and alignment regarding the validation of Gamification Learning Framework for Language Learning. This research employed two iterations of the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) with a 7-point agreement scale to gather assessments from 20 experts across various fields, including technology, gamification, education, TESL, adult learning, mobile learning, communication, CALL, management, digital transformation, curriculum design, game creation, cybersecurity, and system architecture. The research instrument consists of 51 items, developed from two prior studies involving mixed methods and a systematic literature review. The data examined utilizing Triangular Fuzzy Number and the Defuzzification Process. The findings indicate that experts achieved consensus on 51 items in Round 1, and in Round 2, 50 of the 51 items received agreement from experts, and 44 out of 51 items received Threshold (d) values under 0.2. The research indicated that the consensus and agreement among experts exceeded 75% for majority of the elements, with a Threshold (d) value under 0.2 (d = < 0.2). The 44 items in the survey that met the Triangular Fuzzy Number requirements therefore received approval, while 7 items were rejected. This finding suggested that 44 items have achieved expert agreement and are therefore validated as essential elements and constructs in the gamification learning framework in language learning. FDM can incorporate specialized viewpoints to achieve agreement on validating the constructs, guaranteeing dependability and significance of the created items.
Ammar Abd Rahman, Hanizam Hashim, Mohd Shukor Salleh
This paper discusses about how to solve problem arising from casting process by using the TRIZ Methodology. For this research, casting process was selected as the case study for applying the TRIZ methodology to solve the defects arise in the process; theory designed aims to solve the problem innovatively. Initial part of the report discussed about casting process and followed by the common type and cause of defects found in casting process. Further on, discussion in the report continue to discuss about the solution towards casting defects, it is done by using TRIZ methodology (Mini-ARIZ and 40 innovative principles). Principles selected will be applied in this report, it tends show how to solve manufacturing problem in casting and come out with an outstanding solution, which is cost effective and efficient from various aspect. As for result and outcome of experiment, TRIZ implementation brings a major impact towards the result of casting. During the case study, TRIZ application has successfully solved 4 main problems identified in the casting experiment; these defects are surface defects (pinholes), flash formation, rough surface and metallic projection by generating useful guidance and provides direction in future steps. The report also includes the result and verification of solution effectiveness, solution generated outcome has been verified and proven to be effective by experiment. In conclusion, TRIZ successfully solve the problem of flash formation, rough surface, metallic projection and reduce the formation of surface cavities.
Abdullah Al Rafi, Abir Hasnat Arif, Ali Rafian Khan, Amena Islam Akhi, Latifa Sultana, Sadman Hossain Rakin, Shahriar Hasan Mridha Ratul, Sultanul Arefin
Betila, a heritage settlement in Manikganj, Bangladesh, is home to a remarkable row of courtyard and bugalow type houses built during the British Colonial period. This settlement, established by elite Hindu merchants near the Kaliganga River, represents a unique architectural fusion of British Colonial and Mughal styles, adapted to the local context and spatial configurations. The buildings, characterized by their intricate design and historical significance, are now at risk due to illegal encroachments, neglect, and the pressure for modern urban development. Following the Partition of Bengal at 1947, the settlement has faced severe deterioration, with many of its structures now under threat of demolition to make way for multi-storied buildings. Despite its cultural and historical importance, Betila remains largely unrecognized by scholars and policymakers, leading to a rapid loss of its architectural heritage. This paper aims to document and assess the architectural features, spatial layout, and current condition of Betila, providing a comprehensive overview of its historical context and significance. Through careful documentation, this research intends to highlight the urgent need for conservation and the re-evaluation of the site’s potential for adaptive reuse. By exploring the fusion of colonial and Mughal architecture and the spatial relationships of the buildings with the surrounding environment, the study offers a framework for future conservation strategies. Ultimately, this research advocates for the preservation of Betila as a living heritage site, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding this historic settlement for future generations.
Farai Bozho, Juliet Makondora-Mateta, Nozipho Mojapelo
The study examined the lived experiences of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities in Zimbabwe. These disabilities that those incurred during the developmental phase. They affect behaviour, memory, concentration and the ability to learn. The aim of the research was to understand the experiences of the parents in Zimbabwe’s economic, cultural and the societal context. The objectives involve understanding the experiences of these parents, secondly examining the coping strategies and lastly investigate the support services available to the parents. The methodology employed was a qualitative one with a phenomenological design. A sample of 15 participants was interviewed. The interviews were followed with a thematic analysis which gave rise to the results. On the experiences parents with their children faced stigma, family disintegration, misconceptions about the causes and negativity regarding the future of their children. On the coping strategies it was found that the parents find strengths in prayer, strengths observed in their affected child, support groups and keeping busy. Existing support services were education and financial assistance. These findings helped to draw a conclusion that parents face significant changes that include stigma, cultural misconceptions as well as lack of institutional support. Despite all these challenges they are resilient and confide in their religious beliefs and children’s strength to deal with challenges. This exposes the need to focus on the welfare of parents as much as their children as they are equally affected.
Olfa Ammar
This study presents a bibliometric analysis mapping the intellectual structure, thematic evolution, and strategic directions of research on AI-enabled value co-creation in the framework of new product and service development. Through co-citation and co-word analysis, the findings reveal a dynamic and rapidly evolving field rooted in Service-Dominant Logic (SDL). Core motor themes including artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, and co-creation, demonstrated strong alignment between advanced technologies and collaborative innovation paradigms. While technically oriented topics dominate, the emergence of themes such as ethics, human–AI interaction and participatory design highlights a growing emphasis on human-centered and ethical considerations. Despite strong technical development, the field remains underdeveloped in integrating ethical and societal implications. Future research should focus on advancing conceptual frameworks that unify ethics and human–AI interaction with value co-creation. By addressing these priorities, AI-enabled co-creation research can evolve as a catalyst of the new product and service development process.
Iliyasu Umar Azare, Muhammad Tijjani Garba
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) Instructional Approaches for curriculum delivery in higher education in Nigeria has emerged as a transformative opportunity for enhancing effective curriculum delivery. As these institutions face challenges such as limited resources, varying educational standards, and the need for personalized learning experiences, AI offers innovative solutions that can drive efficiency and improve educational outcomes. The application of AI in Nigerian tertiary institutions presents an opportunity to revolutionize curriculum implementation and evaluation. By fostering innovative educational practices, enhancing personalized learning, and leveraging data-driven decision-making, AI can help create a more effective and responsive educational system. Successfully using AI in education requires careful curriculum planning, development and delivery, teacher training, good infrastructure, AI instructional approaches and constant evaluation. Higher education institutions need to set clear goals for how they want to use AI instructional approaches during curriculum delivery, whether it's for improving personalized learning, making curriculum administrative tasks more efficient or engaging students better. Embracing this technology not only improves academic outcomes but also prepares graduates for the increasingly complex demands of the modern workforce. As institutions navigate this transformative journey, it is essential to prioritize training for educators and stakeholders to ensure successful AI instructional approaches for effective curriculum delivery in Higher institutions of learning
Melor Md Yunus, Ooi Yuen Hui, Wong Wei Lun
In today’s digital era, English education landscape has been profoundly reshaped by the growing presence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across schools and higher education institutions. AI has quickly become a valued tool among educators and learners, particularly for English writing, a skill often perceived as laborious and complex. Writing is often viewed as the most challenging between reading, speaking, and listening as it requires active language production. Although AI tools offer personalised support and instant feedback to improve English writing instruction, their use in ESL classrooms and English for elementary and high school levels remains limited. Educators often face obstacles such as limited training, experience and clear guidance on integrating AI effectively. Despite growing interest for AI use in education, there remains a shortage of in-depth reviews exploring application of these tools to support English writing instruction in these specific contexts. By reviewing 25 past papers from the year 2021 to 2025, this systematic literature review paper provides fresh insights into AI integration in teaching and learning of English writing, instead of traditional teaching models, to foster learner-centred and autonomous learning, enhances writing skills, improves engagement, motivation and self-efficacy among students while reducing teachers’ workload. Drawing insights from Scopus, Web of Science and ERIC databases, this systematic literature review paper sheds light on the range of AI tools integrated and strategies of AI tool integration according to roles, for English writing lessons. For English writing instruction, ChatGPT emerged as the most popularly used whereas the most common strategy of AI use was as automated feedback tool, followed by as assessment tool and paraphrasing tool. Building on these findings, future research should further explore AI-supported English writing instruction in Malaysia, investigate gamebased learning and gamification with AI for English writing, and develop online English writing modules with integrated AI features.
Edna B. Nabua, Franchette Faye D. Limetares, Jecil D. Pitogo, Lady Jay Diane D. Mino
This study aimed to investigate the learning gaps and misconceptions of Grade 10 students regarding the Periodic Table of Elements through a systematically developed and validated diagnostic assessment instrument. Employing a descriptive research design, an initial 50-item test was content-validated by three experts and pilottested with 150 students. Item analysis and reliability assessment using Cronbach’s alpha resulted in a finalized 36-item diagnostic tool, which was subsequently administered to 100 Grade 10 students from selected public secondary schools in the hinterland areas of Iligan City. Data were analyzed using mean scores and percentage distributions to identify learning gaps and patterns of incorrect responses. Findings revealed persistent misconceptions in foundational concepts, including atomic structure, differentiation between atomic number and mass number, historical development of the Periodic Table, and periodic trends such as atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity. Many learners demonstrated difficulty explaining these trends in terms of underlying principles, including effective nuclear charge and electron shielding. These results underscore the need for targeted instructional interventions that address misconceptions and foster deeper conceptual understanding of the Periodic Table. The validated diagnostic tool provides a robust foundation for designing remedial strategies and enhancing chemistry instruction at the secondary school level.
Edna B. Nabua, Franchette Faye D. Limetares, Jecil D. Pitogo, Lady Jay Diane D. Mino
Chemical bonding constitutes a foundational concept in General Chemistry, essential for understanding the structure and properties of matter. Despite its importance, it remains one of the least mastered topics among secondary learners, largely due to its abstract, multi-representational nature. The present study aimed to develop and validate a standardized assessment tool to measure Grade 11 learners’ mastery of chemical bonding and to examine their study habits in relation to learning outcomes. Employing a predominantly quantitative research design supplemented with qualitative insights, the study involved the systematic development, validation, and implementation of a chemical bonding assessment aligned with Bloom’s Taxonomy. Pilot testing with 150 Grade 11 learners was conducted, followed by item analysis and reliability testing, resulting in a standardized 39-item instrument. The finalized tool demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.80) and was subsequently administered to 117 Grade 11 learners across the Academic and Technical–Professional tracks. Descriptive analyses revealed that the majority of learners did not achieve the mastery threshold, with only four respondents attaining a passing score. The highest levels of mastery were observed in tasks involving identification of chemical bond types, whereas the lowest performance emerged in competencies requiring prediction of compound types based on bonding-related data. Complementary qualitative findings from an open-ended study habits questionnaire indicated that learners employed a range of self-regulated learning strategies; however, discrepancies persisted between study effort and the attainment of deep conceptual understanding. Collectively, these results underscore the critical need for validated diagnostic assessment tools and instructional interventions that simultaneously foster conceptual comprehension and effective learning strategies, thereby enhancing learners’ mastery of chemical bonding.
Wynand Goosen
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved from a specialised field of computing into a vital part of how we generate knowledge, make decisions, and address ethical issues (OpenAI 2025). As these developments occur rapidly, progress in self-reflective and adaptive AI has amplified debates about whether machines can have consciousness in business, science, and academia. To provide clarity on navigating this complex area, this review looks at ways to detect signs of consciousness in artificial systems. Specifically, from 2020 to 2025, three primary trends have influenced research on artificial consciousness, establishing the context for this review.
Aishath Ifa Mohamed, Mohamed Solih, Zubair Hassan
This study investigates the effectiveness of early warning systems (EWS) and their influence on flood preparedness behavior among residents of Malé City, Maldives, a densely populated island highly vulnerable to climate-induced flooding. Amidst increasing flood risks driven by sea level rise, urban overcrowding, and inadequate infrastructure, effective early warnings and individual preparedness are vital components of disaster risk reduction. Using a quantitative research design, the study surveyed 130 residents across various districts to assess their level of flood preparedness and perceived effectiveness of existing EWS. Descriptive statistics revealed moderate preparedness levels, with notable gaps in public knowledge of flood-prone areas and safety protocols. Regression analysis demonstrated a strong, statistically significant relationship between perceived EWS effectiveness and preparedness behavior (R = 0.683, R² = 0.466, p < .001), indicating that nearly half of the variation in preparedness can be explained by how effective residents perceive early warnings to be. The findings underscore the critical role of timely, clear, and inclusive communication in enhancing community resilience. The study further identifies barriers to inclusive risk communication, particularly for persons with disabilities and non-Dhivehi speakers. Based on the findings, the report offers targeted recommendations for improving EWS accessibility, enhancing public education, and integrating universal design principles to ensure that flood resilience strategies in Malé City leave no one behind.
Kani Burang, Yab Rajiv Camder, Yumi Nyori
The development of civilisations is part of human evolution, but it comes at the cost of nature's destruction. Unsustainable human development results in long-term human destruction itself. This paradox underscores the need to implement a sustainable approach that balances human progress with environmental preservation. Due to climate change, many activities in nature become extreme, which directly and indirectly impacts human lives. Cloudbursts and landslides are two calamities that attract researchers' attention. Cloudburst and landslide are interrelated with precipitation. Most of these incidents remain undocumented. The downstream ecosystems of the affected area witness loss of life and property. The Eastern Himalayas are prone to heavy rains, especially cloudbursts, which can cause rapid slope failures and landslides in steep hilly terrain. Recently, that region has faced many calamities that cost human lives and property. This study uses remote sensing and GIS tools to analyse the incidence, spatial distribution, and risk assessment of landslides triggered by cloudbursts in East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh. Our study area comes in the lower Siwalik range of the Himalayas. The study uses satellite images, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and rainfall data. It was found that some parts of the study area are at risk of landslides and cloudbursts. The findings promote improved planning for catastrophe risk reduction in remote areas of the country.
Asiya Armayau Bichi, Khalid Iliyasu Dauda, Yemi Daniel Ogundare
This research examines counter-conflict reactions to the Israel-Palestine war, focusing on the escalation from October 2023 through 2025. Employing conflict transformation theory and realist security frameworks, the study analyzes strategic responses from primary belligerents, regional actors, and international institutions through qualitative content analysis. Findings reveal multidimensional counter-reactions characterized by military escalation, humanitarian intervention attempts, diplomatic fragmentation, and legal accountability mechanisms. Israel's security doctrine emphasizes preemptive defense and territorial control, while Palestinian resistance combines armed and political strategies. Regional powers pursue proxy engagement and normalization recalibration, whereas global institutions demonstrate selective enforcement of international law. The analysis identifies systemic failures in conflict resolution architecture and persistent power asymmetries. Recommendations include strengthening multilateral enforcement mechanisms, addressing root causes of occupation, and developing inclusive peace frameworks recognizing legitimate security concerns while upholding human rights and international humanitarian law.
Dr. Sadhana Tandle, Dr. Sukanya Biswas, Dr.Subhash Sonune
Effective communication is fundamental to human development, social interaction, and learning (Manolson, 1975). For children with hearing impairment, the selection of an appropriate communication option plays a pivotal role in shaping language outcomes, academic progress, and psychosocial well-being. Parents, particularly hearing parents who form the majority of this population, often experience uncertainty and limited awareness when making communication-related decisions for their child. This study investigates parental awareness of four major communication options—Aural–Oral Method, Total Communication, Educational Bilingualism, and Cued Speech—and explores the factors influencing parental decision-making. Data collected from parents of children with hearing impairment in suburban Mumbai reveal significant gaps in knowledge, partial understanding of communication philosophies, and reliance on external recommendations when choosing educational pathways. These findings underscore the need for systematic parent education, professional counselling, and strengthened early intervention frameworks to promote informed, child-centered decision-making.
Ainur Zaireen Zainudin, Rohaya Abdul Jalil, Sivarnia a/p Mogan
This systematic literature review synthesizes global empirical evidence on the barriers that hinder meaningful public participation in land-use planning. Guided by the Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES), the review employed the PICo framework to formulate the research question and systematically searched in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025. Sixty-six articles met eligibility criteria, and 58 high-quality studies were retained following appraisal using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Inductive thematic analysis identified six overarching categories of participation barriers: institutional, socio-economic, political, cultural, procedural, and technological constraints. These themes encompass 21 sub-themes, including weak legal mandates, bureaucratic fragmentation, elite capture, limited transparency, socio-economic inequality, restrictive cultural norms, late-stage consultation, inaccessible information, and the growing digital divide. Findings show that such barriers often overlap and collectively restrict communities’ influence over planning outcomes, particularly in centralized or resource-constrained governance systems. The review highlights the need for strengthened legal frameworks, improved transparency, culturally attuned engagement strategies, socio-economic support mechanisms, and hybrid digital–physical participation models. By consolidating fragmented evidence across multiple world regions, this review contributes a comprehensive understanding of the structural, procedural, and contextual factors that impede inclusive and equitable land-use planning. The synthesis offers practical guidance for policymakers and provides a foundation for future research aimed at enhancing participatory land governance
Fathin Insyirah Khairul Rijal, Nur Shahirah Mior Shariffuddin, Nurul Sakinah Mahadi
This conceptual paper examines how Islamic tourism beliefs shape the behavioral intentions of Muslim tourists by integrating the Values–Beliefs–Norms (VBN) theoretical framework into the context of Islamic tourism. As global interest in Muslim-friendly travel continues to expand, understanding the psychological and faith-based mechanisms underlying Muslim travelers’ decision-making has become increasingly important. Islamic tourism extends beyond Shariah-compliant services to encompass spiritual awareness, ethical conduct, and religiously guided motivations. To explore these dynamics, this study adopts a conceptual research design grounded in a structured synthesis of peer-reviewed literature on Islamic tourism, Muslim travel behavior, and VBN theory. Through this theory-driven analytical approach, the paper develops a conceptual framework illustrating how Islamic values activate beliefs, how these beliefs give rise to personal moral norms, and how these norms ultimately shape behavioral intentions toward Islamic tourism. The findings highlight that beliefs concerning halal assurance, religious suitability, moral comfort, and spiritual benefit serve as central cognitive mechanisms linking values to intention. Theoretically, this paper extends the VBN model into a new domain by explaining faith-driven travel behavior through a value-belief-norm sequence. Practically, it underscores the need for tourism providers and policymakers to prioritise halal assurance, ethical standards, and meaningful spiritual experiences to serve Muslim travelers better.
Ernyza Yusuff, Mohamad Zaid Mustafa
This systematic literature review investigates optimal pedagogical practices for improving teacher proficiency in electrical and electronic education, addressing the growing demand for innovative teaching methods that correspond with technological progress and professional development. The rapid expansion of Industry 4.0 and digitalization in education necessitates that electrical and electronic teachers exhibit not only technical skills but also digital literacy, pedagogical adaptability and socio-emotional awareness. However, present research remains fragmented, with no coherent synthesis linking technology-enhanced learning, digital competence and professional development. Guided by the PRISMA protocol, this review systematically analyzed literature retrieved from two major academic databases Web of Science and Scopus using the keywords "best teaching practices," "teacher competence," "electrical and electronic education," and "teaching strategies." The review concentrated on journal articles released in 2025, yielding 27 primary studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thematic synthesis revealed three principal themes: (1) Technology-Enhanced Pedagogical Innovations and Learning Tools, emphasizing simulation-based, AI-driven, and interactive teaching environments; (2) Digital Literacy, Information Literacy, and Online Learning Environments, highlighting the role of digital competence and virtual learning ecosystems in improving instructional quality; and (3) Teacher Professional Development, Curriculum Reform, and Socio-Cultural Dimensions, focusing on reflective practice, gender responsiveness and cultural adaptability in technical education. The results show that there is a strong global push to combine digital and socio-constructivist methods to improve teacher competence, even though there are still some methodological and contextual issues. This review concludes that developing teacher competence in electrical and electronic education requires a holistic framework that bridges technology, pedagogy, and cultural context. The synthesized evidence contributes to advancing policy, curriculum innovation, and teacher education programs, offering a comprehensive foundation for future research and practice in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET).
Maizatul Akmal Binti Musa, Shahril Eashak Bin Ismail
The concept of the corporate risk disclosure (CRD) as more than mere regulatory compliance is growing among the stakeholders. It is an essential for stakeholder communication and strategic differentiation tool. Hence the disclosure must be informative. This conceptual paper challenges the dominant belief that the volume of disclosure is the same as the quality of disclosure. This paper developed the Strategic Risk Communication Framework (SRCF) as guide for CRD, utilising institutional theory, stakeholder theory, and organisational capability theory. This paper also delineates five dimensions of effective Corporate Risk Disclosure (CRD) which are strategic integration, institutional capability, forward-looking orientation, multi-stakeholder communication, and governance authenticity. The framework redefines CRD as an organisational capability requiring institutional infrastructure, rather than merely an information production process. By theorising CRD as a governance process, the framework moves beyond “board structure fetishism” and compliance traps, instead emphasising board processes, authentic accountability, and multi-stakeholder engagement. The paper develops a set of testable propositions and research directions that link disclosure capabilities to firm performance, legitimate outcomes, and stakeholder satisfaction. Contributions are threefold: (i) extending corporate governance theory by conceptualising disclosure as a capability rooted in governance authenticity, (ii) reframing stakeholder theory towards communication processes and legitimacy construction, and (iii) offering a practical diagnostic tool for boards, regulators, and investors.
Marcelo Fabiàn Amante
This article proposes a critical and integrated analysis of the perspectives of André Gorz, Serge Latouche, Ivan Illich, Richard Sennett, and Langdon Winner to examine the profound contradictions of capitalist economic rationality and outline the foundations of an alternative social-ecological rationality oriented towards sustainability and autonomy. These thinkers, stemming from distinct intellectual traditions (social philosophy, ecological economics, institutional critique, craftsmanship anthropology, and philosophy of technology), converge on a shared diagnosis: contemporary societies are shaped by a productivist rationality that subordinates human autonomy, ecological sustainability, and cooperative practices to economic accumulation and technological determinism [1, 2].
‘Ain Husna Mohd Arshad, Nor Adila Mohd Noor, Nor Azlina Mohd Noor, Nor Hayati Abdul Samat
Child abuse is a global problem that affects children across all societal levels in any form of physical, emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, or exploitation that results in actual or potential harm to a child's health, survival, and development, This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of thirty years of scholarly work on child abuse and the law, a field that has expanded in response to increasing global concern over the legal, social and institutional dimensions of child protection. Despite the growth of research, systematic mapping of its intellectual structure remains limited, resulting in fragmented understanding of thematic development and research priorities. To address this gap, the study employed a structured methodology beginning with data collection through Scopus advanced searching, using a refined search strategy that yielded a final dataset of 555 peer reviewed publications. The dataset was subjected to statistical and temporal trend analysis using the Scopus Analyzer, followed by data cleaning and harmonisation using OpenRefine to ensure consistency in author names, keywords and institutional affiliations. Subsequently, VOSviewer was used to perform co-authorship, co-citation and keyword co-occurrence analyses, producing visual network maps that reveal dominant research clusters and patterns of scholarly collaboration. Numerical results show a significant expansion of publications from 1995 to 2025, with marked growth after 2010, driven by heightened international attention to children’s rights, evolving legislative frameworks and increased interdisciplinary engagement. The keyword co-occurrence network identified seven major thematic clusters, including child sexual abuse, policing and investigation, mental health impacts, mandatory reporting, digital harms and welfare policy, highlighting the multifaceted nature of legal discourse in child protection. Collaboration analysis demonstrated that the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Canada serve as central contributors to global research networks, while emerging participation from Asian and European countries indicates broadening scholarly engagement. Overall, the findings provide an integrated overview of research trajectories, illuminate conceptual linkages within the field and offer a foundational evidence base for advancing legal, policy and interdisciplinary scholarship on child abuse.
Edna B. Nabua, Franchette Faye D. Limetares, Jecil D. Pitogo, Lady Jay Diane D. Mino
This study aimed to develop a validated, standardized assessment tool to identify the least mastered competencies in the topic of Solutions in General Chemistry and to examine the self-efficacy of Grade 12 learners across multiple academic strands, including STEM, ABM, HUMSS, ICT, and TVL. Employing a quantitative research design with qualitative support, the study collected quantitative data through the researcher-developed assessment instrument and qualitative data via an open-ended self-efficacy questionnaire, which was analyzed thematically. The assessment tool underwent expert validation, readability testing, pilot testing, item analysis, and reliability evaluation. From an initial 50-item test, 37 items were retained in the final version, which demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.80). Results indicated that learners’ overall mastery was generally low, with most students scoring below 50% of the total score. All five learning areas—solubility rules, factors affecting solubility, concentration units, colligative properties, and colloids and emulsions—were classified as least mastered or not mastered, with the lowest performance observed in factors affecting solubility and concentration units. Qualitative findings revealed that self-efficacy was highly variable and influenced by topic difficulty, clarity of instruction, and available learning support. Mathematical complexity, abstract concepts, and cognitive load negatively affected confidence, whereas persistence, self-regulated learning strategies, peer collaboration, and supportive teaching practices enhanced learners’ self-efficacy. Overall, the study highlights significant cognitive and affective challenges in General Chemistry and underscores the value of diagnostic assessments and innovative, learner-centered instructional approaches. Future research may investigate the efficacy of strategies such as chemistry-based games, simulations, tactile learning, and collaborative activities to improve mastery and self-efficacy.
Dr. Mohammed Hashim Taha Sulaiman Al-Ogaidi
The research aimed to design, construct, and apply the Reckless Thinking Scale among students of the Faculties of Education for Humanities and Pure Sciences. The sample consisted of (400) male and female students, selected by a stratified random method with equal distribution, from all academic stages of the Faculties of Education for Humanities and Pure Sciences, and to measure healthy thinking, a scale was built based on theoretical bridging (synthesis method), which consisted of (24) items.
Nornazira Suhairom, Sharifah Maryam Syed Azman, Zhou Jiayue
Globally, music graduates face increasing challenges in employability due to market saturation and persistent misalignment between academic training and the demands of the job market. Although many aspire to traditional roles such as teaching or performing in state-supported ensembles, these positions are limited and highly competitive. At the same time, the rapid rise of digital technologies and the use of artificial intelligence is reshaping the professional landscape, introducing new opportunities while also threatening certain conventional roles within the music sector. These technological shifts have had a particularly strong impact on the delivery of music education in Vocational Education and Training (VET) colleges in China, where the industry’s growing reliance on digital production tools and AI-assisted composition requires educators to acquire new technological competencies. Yet, many VET music teachers continue to struggle with limited digital literacy, inadequate pedagogical strategies, and insufficient institutional support, which collectively hinder effective integration of technology into teaching. Despite national reforms aimed at strengthening digital capacity in education, challenges such as constrained professional development, outdated curricula, and inadequate infrastructure remain prevalent. This concept paper adopts a conceptual research design based on an integrative and thematic analysis of relevant literature to explore the competencies required for technology-based teaching among music teachers in VET colleges in China, examine barriers to professional learning, and propose a Competencies and Professional Learning Framework to support educators. Findings highlight competency gaps, the absence of structured training pathways, and institutional barriers. The proposed framework provides core digital competencies, professional learning strategies, institutional support mechanisms, and curriculum integration models, offering practical recommendations for enhancing technology-based music education in China’s VET sector.
Muaz Azinuddin, Nurul Sakinah Mahadi, Wan Mohd Adzim Wan Mohd Zain
A fundamental concept in modern tourism research is destination fascination, which refers to a destination's ability to captivate tourists, pique their interest, arouse their emotions, and elicit unforgettable memories. This article compiles current theoretical and empirical research on the role of fascination as an experiential and psychological mechanism influencing tourist behaviour, specifically in developing attachment and loyalty. Drawing on theories such as the Reasonable Person Model (RPM), Attention Restoration Theory (ART), and the Memorable Tourism Experience (MTE) model, this article examines the six dimensions of fascination, including mystique, attractiveness, richness, uniqueness, friendliness, and fitness. Measurement approaches, managerial strategies, ethical implications, and future research directions are then covered. This article provides a broader understanding of fascination as a psychological and strategic construct, essential to the competitiveness of destinations and sustainable tourism development, and integrates the latest research.
Bakare Aderola Toheeb, Raymond Osi Alenoghena, Segun Amos Adewale
Given that these measures are essential components of Nigeria's digital-finance goal, this study looks at the combined impact of the country's cashless policy and financial inclusion on economic growth. In order to provide a better understanding of how digital payment systems and inclusive finance contribute to long-term economic performance, this research integrates these factors under a single empirical framework, whereas earlier studies have mostly evaluated them independently. The World Bank's Development Indicators (2023) and the Central Bank of Nigeria's Annual Statistical Reports are the sources of the annual time series data used in the research, which consists of 14 observations from 2009 to 2023. To capture the combined impact of electronic payment channels, such as POS transactions, mobile transfers, and ATM usage, the study uses Principal Component Analysis to create a composite cashless-policy indicator. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method is used to evaluate the long-term relationship between real GDP, cashless policy, financial inclusion, exchange rate, inflation, and interest rate after annual time-series data are analyzed using unit root and cointegration tests. The results demonstrate that the cashless-policy index significantly boosts economic development, suggesting that advancements in digital payment infrastructure and usage encourage economic activity. Growth is also positively impacted by financial inclusion, albeit this effect depends on the extent and caliber of financial participation. The control variables mostly exhibit the predicted behavior, with inflation acting as a dampening factor and mixed results from the currency rate and interest rate. Overall, the findings imply that Nigeria's growth trajectory can be strengthened by a well-coordinated strategy that promotes inclusive financial services and fortifies digital payments. To improve underprivileged populations' access to financial services, the report suggests targeted policies, increased financial literacy, and consistent investment in digital finance infrastructure.
Ayodeji Bamidele Owoeye
The most recent development in digital currency and payments is Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). In an effort to regain monetary sovereignty, some central banks have either stated their intention to do so (such as the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, and the Bank of England) or have already done so (such as the People's Bank of China). This may be the last chance for these central banks to do so. In our recent work, this paper hypothesise that CBDCs represent a last frontier in the field of digital money and digital payments, rather than only signalling the state's comeback in this area. However, there are a number of issues with CBDCs, including as their practical use and legal classification, as well as concerns about the technology that central banks would use to implement them in the economy. Legally speaking, CBDCs would be considered a central bank liability, or a claim on the central banks, and are intended to be a type of fiat currency. Given the digitisation of international payments, which is dependent on the technology's connectivity, certain CBDCs may be utilised across borders in addition to domestically.
Joy Valerie G. Gigataras
The effective utilization of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become a critical determinant of organizational efficiency, transparency, and service delivery in public institutions. This study examined the challenges encountered in ICT utilization and the corresponding prescriptive measures within the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Iloilo 1st District Engineering Office. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design, data were gathered from 130 employees selected through purposive sampling. The study employed descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis H test. Findings revealed that employees experienced high levels of ICT-related challenges, particularly in stakeholder management, communication flow, coordination, and risk management. Significant differences in challenges were found when respondents were grouped according to status of employment and division, while no significant differences were observed across age, educational attainment, or length of service. Prescriptive measures received near-unanimous support across all classifications, indicating strong organizational consensus toward ICT reform. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between the level of challenges and prescriptive measures, suggesting that employees support reform regardless of the severity of difficulties encountered. The study concludes that ICT barriers in the organization are structural rather than individual in nature and recommends the establishment of a comprehensive ICT governance framework, capacity-building programs, and a unified digital transformation strategy to enhance institutional effectiveness.
Allan Jay S. Cajandig, Jonielyn D. Ylarde
This systematic review examined the challenges faced by Mathematics teachers under the MATATAG curriculum and the documented effects on teaching performance and student academic outcomes in Philippine basic education (2020–2025). Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched peer-reviewed journals and reputable sources (e.g., DepEd policy repositories, local academic outlets, and indexed databases) for empirical and policy-relevant studies on: (a) MATATAG implementation or closely aligned national mathematics reforms; (b) teacher-level constraints, including time and pacing, instructional resources, administrative workload, assessment practices, and professional development; and (c) outcomes, such as teaching performance indicators and student mathematics achievement. A total of 140 records were identified (databases = 120; other sources = 20). After removing 30 duplicates, 110 records were screened, 26 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 14 studies were included in the final analysis. Convergent evidence highlights four persistent constraints: (1) compressed instructional time and pacing pressures (45-minute periods) limiting problem-solving depth and formative assessment cycles; (2) gaps in learning resources (contextualized materials, manipulative, and technology) hindering differentiated instruction; (3) administrative workloads (reporting and compliance) reducing time for planning and feedback; and (4) variable access to targeted professional development. Studies linking these constraints to outcomes indicate (a) lower observation-rubric ratings where pacing and resources are inadequate, and (b) modest but consistent gains where supports exist, such as pacing guidance, lesson exemplars, formative assessment tools, and coaching. Comparative evidence suggests that public schools face more acute barriers than private schools. Overall, the weight of evidence supports system-level interventions—including refined pacing guidance, resource augmentation, and sustained content-focused professional development with coaching—to translate MATATAG objectives into higher-quality mathematics instruction and improved learner achievement. Future research should prioritize quasi-experimental and longitudinal designs that jointly track teacher performance and student mathematics outcomes under clearly specified support packages.
Asemave Kaana, Terngu Paul Ugosor, Winifred Umbur Ukpoko
Nigeria stands at a crossroad in modernizing science education. Chemistry, an essential gateway to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers continues to show uneven student outcomes, while artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are rapidly changing how Science is taught and learned worldwide. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as a transformative force in global science education. In Nigerian school chemistry, AI can support conceptual understanding, foster inclusive education, improve evaluation processes, enhance practical competencies, improve instructional efficiency, bridge regional disparities, and expand access to laboratory-like experiences despite infrastructural constraints, digital literacy gaps, data privacy, and security concerns, lack of regulatory framework for integrating AI in Nigerian educational system, and socio-cultural challenges. In addition, the contextualization of AI to align with Nigeria’s diverse linguistics, cultural, and pedagogical needs are challenges that need to be addressed. This paper adopts a conceptual and narrative review approach, synthesizing national educational policy, peer-reviewed research, and global Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) evidence to address the research problem. The article synthesizes contemporary evidence and policy documents to map the prospects of deploying AI to strengthen chemistry teaching and learning in Nigeria, identify systemic challenges (infrastructure, teacher capacity, assessment integrity, equity, and ethics), and propose a pragmatic, evidence-informed recommendations for implementation. The review covers conceptual foundations, pedagogical applications, National Digital Learning Policy (NDLP), advantages of AI in chemistry education, some AI tools in chemistry education, international systematic reviews of AI in education, challenges, country-specific analyses of AI readiness, and systemic recommendations, targeted at policymakers, teacher educators, school leaders, and donor/industry partners. The paper argues that while national interest in AI-enabled teaching is rising, sustained policy support, improved infrastructure, teacher professional development linked to curricular aims, scalable blended AI tools for simulations and formative assessment, governance for data privacy, assessment validity, and inclusion are paramount. Limitations and avenues for research are also identified.
Dickson Gitonga Njiru
The protection and care of children is a fundamental right enshrined in international and national legal frameworks. Despite Kenya’s ratification of multiple child protection laws and policies, children in need of care and protection (CNCP) remain a significant concern. This study analyzes the prevalence and categories of reported CNCP cases in Machakos County, Kenya, using secondary administrative data extracted from the Child Protection Information Management System (CPIMS) maintained by the Department of Children Services. The objectives of the study were to: determine the prevalence of reported cases of children in need of care and protection in Machakos County; assess the distribution of CNCP cases across Machakos sub-counties; examine the distribution of CNCP cases by age group; and evaluate intervention mechanisms employed in addressing CNCP cases in the county. Findings from 2024 CPIMS records indicate that child neglect was the most prevalent category, accounting for 47.1% of reported cases. Higher case concentrations were recorded in Mwala, Kangundo, and Matungulu sub-counties, while the majority of affected children were below 15 years of age. Intervention responses varied by case type, with joint parental agreements being the most frequently documented mechanism, alongside referrals to the Judiciary, the Department of Children Services, and community-based reconciliation. However, a substantial number of cases lacked documented intervention actions, highlighting gaps in case management and accountability. The study underscores the need for strengthened child-centered interventions, improved CPIMS documentation, and coordinated, community-based child protection responses in Machakos County.
Kadonsi Kaziya
The quality of classroom environments is widely acknowledged as central to academic success, yet limited empirical evidence exists on how specific environmental dimensions predict learner outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. In Zambia, where disparities in infrastructure, teaching practices, and psychosocial supports remain pronounced, rigorous statistical analysis of these relationships is scarce. This study sought to determine whether classroom environmental quality significantly predicts learner performance, to identify the most influential dimensions, and to quantify their explanatory power. A correlational quantitative design was employed, drawing on data from 200 secondary school learners across urban and rural schools. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression were used to examine the predictive effects of physical, psychosocial, and instructional dimensions on academic performance. Findings revealed that psychosocial factors were rated most positively (M = 3.78, SD = 0.65) and correlated most strongly with learner performance (r = .63, p < .01). The regression model was statistically significant, F(3, 196) = 24.85, p < .001, explaining 27% of the variance in learner performance. Psychosocial factors (β = .41, p < .001) emerged as the strongest predictor, followed by instructional (β = .26, p < .001) and physical (β = .18, p < .01) factors. These results highlight the predictive role of classroom quality in shaping academic achievement and demonstrate that psychosocial and instructional dimensions are particularly critical. The study contributes new evidence from Zambia to educational psychology, with implications for teacher training, policy reform, and targeted investments aimed at improving equity and learning outcomes.
Judy Ann R. Caridad, Romcel M. Chico
This study investigates the impact of code-switching on the English comprehension of Grade 11 General Academic Strand (GAS) students at Taal High School, Bocaue, Bulacan. Given the multilingual nature of the Philippines, code-switching is a common instructional strategy, yet its effectiveness remains a topic of debate. The study employed a correlational research design through Spearman’s Correlation, utilizing a total population of 30 students to gather data from Grade 11 GAS students. Results indicate that while students perceive benefits from code-switching in facilitating comprehension, statistical analysis reveals a weak and insignificant correlation between the use of code-switching and English academic performance. Moreover, a moderate negative correlation suggests that excessive code-switching may contribute to lower final English grades. These findings highlight the need for balanced language instruction, integrating both English and the native language strategically to optimize comprehension without undermining language proficiency. The study’s outcomes have implications for language policies and teaching methodologies in multilingual classrooms.
Ebuzoeme Chinemerem Precious, Ojemeni Gloria Chinenye, Ukoha Ukoha
Methamphetamine abuse has become a growing public health concern, particularly among Nigerian youths, where it is often consumed for its stimulant and euphoric effects but is associated with severe neurotoxic consequences. This study focused to investigate whether Coenzyme Q10 can protect or restore hippocampal integrity and function in adult male Wistar rats subjected to methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. A total of Forty (40) Male Adult wistar rat. The animals were grouped into four, Group A -D. GROUP A: served as control and received water and feed, GROUP B: received 20mg/kg/day of methamphetamine in a binge-like pattern, with 5 mg/kg administered four times a day at least two hours apart., GROUP C: received 50mg/kg of coenzyme Q10, GROUP D: received 20mg/kg of methamphetamine and 50mg/kg of Coenzyme Q10. Twenty-four hours after the end of the last administration which lasted for 14days the animals were euthanised using 80 mg/kg of ketamine through intraperitoneal injection. The brain containing the hippocampus was harvested and either homogenized for biochemical studies or fixed in 10% formalin for histological analysis. Findings from this research present notable decrease in the weight of group B (exposed to Methamphetamine only) when compared to the control, severe neuronal degeneration with moderate perivascular edema (PE) and Vacoulation (V). These changes were mitigated using Coenzyme Q10. The study suggests that Coenzyme Q10 has mitigating effects of methamphetamine-induced hippocampus toxicity.
Fazlina Mohd Radzi, Liza Marziana Mohammad Noh, Nadya Ahmad Kamal, Shahariah Mohamed Roshdi, Shaliza Dasuki
Rejabhad, famously known as the Penghulu Kartun Malaysia (Chief of Malaysian Cartoons), is well known for his distinctive cartoon style that portrays everyday life and dramas reflecting Malay-Nusantara cultural imagery. This study aims to explore and identify the representation of Malay culture as depicted in the classic comic Periwira Mat Gila Vol. 2 by the late Rejabhad, referencing the famous poem Melayu written by National Laureate, the late Usman Awang. The study adopts a qualitative methodology based on the Four-Level Framing Theory introduced by Dimitrova & Rodriguez (2011), encompassing description, analysis, interpretation, and evaluation as a guide in examining the work. The findings reveal that the imagery conveyed in Periwira Mat Gila serves as a symbolic representation of Malayness, resonating with both the explicit and implicit expressions found in Usman Awang’s poem.
Oreta, Miriam Salvacion L.
Oslob, Cebu, Philippines, is a municipality in the southern tip of the island province of Cebu. It has experienced significant economic and socio-cultural growth, having been re-classified from a fourth-class to a first-class municipality in 2023, a feat achieved in the last fifteen years due to the socio-cultural impact of improved quality of life largely attributed to tourism. The Oslob tourism stakeholders acknowledge that this phenomenon is a challenge to control. If the environmental (and cultural) tourism assets are not cared for more sustainably, they could, just as easily, lose the benefits they have made in recent years. It is the community’s aspiration to take proactive steps toward sustainable tourism development to safeguard the upward economic trajectory of the town and retain the gains felt from the town’s flagship tourism product, the whale shark interaction experience. The goal is to sustain the improved quality of the lives of Oslob’s citizens, while looking after their tourism resources. This can be done by implementing more conservative and carefully monitored environmental guidelines for their main tourism product and further augmenting tourism revenue-generating opportunities by offering additional and alternative natural and man-made attractions and activities that may enhance the quality of the tourists’ experience. The Triple Bottom Line for sustainable tourism development and Adaptive Management frameworks were used, employing a qualitative research design, while utilizing the case study method. Data was gathered through a stakeholders’ consultation, an extensive key informant interview and participant observations, with representatives from various sectors and people’s organizations. The participants provided an assessment of their current situation, stated community concerns, identified current and potential products and resources for tourism development, and proposed strategies they can undertake moving forward. The recommendations include strategies for implementation in tourism governance, tourism products and circuits, human resources in tourism and infrastructure. The ratification of the Local Tourism Development Plan, which will include all plans and strategies for tourism in Oslob, is primary in achieving these goals in the long term. This aims to aid the community’s objective to more consciously embrace sustainable tourism practices so that their present and future generations will continue to reap benefits from tourism activities.
Amirul Ramzani Radzid, Mgd Maaz Taha Yassin, Mohd Sanusi Azmi, Nur Atikah Arbain
A similar metric is often used as a tool to measure the degree of similarity between two objects or pieces of data. It is essential in many areas of study including data analysis, machine learning and image processing, which provides a way to compare and evaluate the similarity of different entities. These metrics can be categorized into distance-based and similarity-based approaches, each with their strengths and applications. Therefore, this study is to do a comparison of various distance metrics on image classification performance using HODA and Bangla handwritten digit datasets. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted on eight different distance measures, namely Euclidean, Manhattan, Chebyshev, Canberra, Cosine, Minkowski, Jaccard, and Sorenson, within the Mean Average Precision (MAP) metric framework to evaluate their effectiveness in the context of handwritten digit recognition. Experimental results show that Chebyshev distance produces the highest classification accuracy of 71.6% on the HODA dataset, while Euclidean distance achieves the best performance on the Bangla dataset with 70.7% accuracy. In addition to quantitative analysis, a user study involving a structured questionnaire was conducted to qualitatively verify the MAP-based evaluation methodology. Results from user evaluations further reinforce the empirical findings. Therefore, the study underlines the importance of choosing an appropriate distance metric that is adapted to the specific properties of the dataset, highlighting its role in improving the performance of pattern recognition systems in computer vision applications.
Kavitha Rajagopal, Mohd Lokman Ibrahim, Nur Arfahain Binti Abdullah, Nurfarah Asyiqin Binti Mohd Faizu, Nurfazrin Binti Khairudin, Shaheda Ismail
Hair dye is a commonly used cosmetic product applied directly on the scalp which exposes the users to possible harmful elemental dye components, via absorption especially through skin pores to body organs. Essential elements such as Zn and Fe play significant roles in proper human development while non - essential elements for example Cd and Pb are harmful even at low concentrations. The objective of this study is to investigate the presence and the concentration of heavy metals such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in dyed and non-dyed hair samples among females from different ethnic groups (Malay, Chinese and Indian) in Malaysia using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The sample group used for this research compromise of 90 female individuals (45 with dyed hair and 45 with non-dyed hair). The identification of heavy metals in the hair samples was analysed by using microwave digestion method with ICP-OES. The analysis of calibration curve for each heavy metal showed a good linear regression with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.999 with a low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). The results indicate that the raised levels of heavy metals in dyed hair may be attributed to hair dye use while high levels in non-dyed hair highlights environmental exposure, largely caused by industrialization and urbanization. The statistical findings also indicate that both hair dyeing and ethnic background have significant effects on the buildup of heavy metals in hair (p ≤ 0.05). There is no globally standardised “normal” range for heavy metals in hair due to large variability influenced by geography, age, sex, ethnicity, hair treatments and analytical methods. Therefore, the comparisons should ideally be with population data of similar geographical location, ethnicity, gender, lifestyle and working environment to get more comprehensive results on the presence of heavy metals in hair samples.
Agbonkpolor, B.N, Emokhare. Q.I, Ewekhare. B.T, Idahosa, E.O, Ogwu. A.D, Umar. H.Y
This study examines the market structure, level of competition, and concentration among tamarind processors and marketers in Kano, Kaduna, and Nasarawa States of northern Nigeria. Using primary data from 2025 and employing the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), the study assesses the distribution of market shares and the extent of dominance among participants in the tamarind value chain. Results show that the processing segment is highly competitive and atomistic across all states, with extremely low HHI values of 0.0000329 (Kano), 0.0000289 (Kaduna), and 0.0000196 (Nasarawa). The marketing segment demonstrates varying levels of competition, with Kano showing moderate concentration (HHI = 0.0022862), while Kaduna (0.0006102) and Nasarawa (0.0001246) exhibit low concentration and high competitiveness. The findings highlight a vibrant but fragmented industry characterized by low market power, limited economies of scale, and significant opportunities for new entrants. The joint application of CR₄ and HHI reveals a tight oligopolistic market structure in Kano State and highly concentrated, near-monopolistic structures in Kaduna and Nasarawa States, indicating significant market dominance by a few firms in tamarind processing.
Galang Putra Yudha Pradana, Kus Hanna Rahmi, Sani Aryanto
Sexual violence against children constitutes a critical psychosocial issue that threatens children’s emotional development, sense of trust, and long-term well-being. In Indonesia, particularly in urban areas such as Bekasi City, rising cases of child sexual violence highlight the urgent need for trauma-responsive support systems within schools and child protection institutions. This study aims to explore how child companions specifically elementary school teachers and members of the Regional Child Protection Commission (KPAD) understand and implement Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) principles in fostering a sense of safety among child survivors of sexual violence. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with purposively selected participants who had direct experience assisting child victims. Thematic analysis was used to examine participants’ meaning-making processes and support practices. The findings reveal three interrelated themes: (1) sense of safety as the foundational principle of child support, (2) sense of safety as the core mechanism of recovery, and (3) emotional burdens and socio-cultural challenges faced by companions in sustaining safety. The study demonstrates that recovery is conceptualized not as disclosure-driven intervention but as a gradual, relational process centered on preventing retraumatization, restoring emotional stability, and protecting children from stigma and social pressure. These findings underscore the importance of trauma-informed, context-sensitive, and systemically coordinated approaches to child protection. The study contributes to the limited body of Indonesian research on Trauma-Informed Care by highlighting the central role of companions’ experiences and the necessity of integrating sense of safety into school-based child protection practices.
Eni Wuryani, Kinanti Ritma Ratri, Salsabila Dea Kalista, Wildan Febriansyah
Fraud in the public sector is a complex challenge that requires an integrated approach. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) analyzes 23 selected studies (2021–2025) to construct an anti-fraud toolkit by combining the synergies of internal control and good governance. The findings show that internal controls function as a technical mechanism for fraud prevention through control and monitoring activities, while good governance creates a transparent and accountable institutional environment. The integration of these two elements produces significant synergy, whereby the effectiveness of internal controls increases substantially when implemented in a strong governance environment. This study also identifies supporting elements such as internal audit, whistleblowing systems, forensic accounting, management commitment, and digital systems as supporting components in the anti-fraud toolkit. The results of this study provide strategic guidance for policymakers in designing comprehensive and contextual fraud prevention systems in the public sector.
Adama Sumaila, Beatrice Attah-Mensah, Fati Bodua Seidu, Nora Dodoo Odonkor, Peter Agyekum Boateng
This conceptual paper examines how corporate governance frameworks in high-risk sectors—banking, energy (oil and gas), aviation, and mining—interact with persistent ethical failures. Drawing on a systematic review of recent international and Ghanaian literature (2019–2025), it argues that compliance-oriented governance, while necessary, is insufficient to prevent misconduct rooted in deeper moral weaknesses. Integrating agency, stakeholder, stewardship, and moral-hazard theories with a theological understanding of the “nature of sin,” the paper develops a conceptual model linking governance mechanisms, moral weaknesses, ethical failures, and their effects on stakeholder trust and organisational integrity. The analysis highlights how cases such as the Ghana banking crisis and environmental degradation in the Niger Delta expose gaps between formal governance structures and lived ethical practice. The paper concludes with theoretical, managerial, and policy recommendations for embedding moral accountability and ethical culture within governance systems in order to strengthen ethical resilience in high-risk sectors across Ghana and comparable contexts.
Eni Wuryani, Hasna Nur Laila, Milah Dwi Anggraini, Retno Wulandari
This study aims to systematically review the literature on corporate governance (CG) in Microfinance Institutions (MFls). Specifically, this study identifies how CG is defined and operationalized, examines its role in improving transparency and accountability, and maps the antecedents, mechanisms, challenges, and consequences of CG in the context of the dual mission of MFls. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA guidelines. English articles from the Scopus database were selected based on specified keywords. After eliminating duplicate, irrelevant, and inaccessible articles, 50 articles were analyzed using content analysis to identify patterns of concepts and empirical findings related to MFI governance. The review results show that CG in MFIs has unique characteristics due to its dual objectives: financial sustainability and social outreach. CG mechanisms such as board independence, gender diversity, audit quality, and board committees play a positive role in improving financial and social performance. The main challenges include conflicts of interest, founder dominance, information asymmetry, institutional voids, and the risk of mission drift. The effectiveness of CG is greatly influenced by law, culture, ownership structure, and institutional conditions. This study is limited to English-language articles in the Scopus database. Future research needs to expand the scope of cross-country data, use stronger econometric methods to address endogeneity, and explore the internal dynamics of boards through a qualitative approach. The results confirm that strengthening governance is necessary for regulators, donors, and MFI management to improve transparency, reduce risk, and ensure the long-term sustainability of institutions. This study is the first SLR to focus specifically on CG in MFIs. It consolidates scattered findings, develops an integrative CG framework, and provides directions for future research.
Adeyemi, Oluwakemi Lola, Emmanuel Kayode, Orbunde, Bemshima Benjamin
Firms often struggle to enhance firm value due to governance challenges related to ownership structures and the effective management of risks. In particular, the relationship between ownership structures, such as foreign and managerial ownership, and firm value is often complicated by agency problems, where the interests of management and shareholders may not align. This study examines the moderating effect of Corporate Risk Management (CRM) on the relationship between foreign ownership, managerial ownership structures, and firm value of listed financial services firms in Nigeria. A longitudinal panel research design was employed, utilizing panel random effects regression analysis with E-Views 12 software. The sample consists of twenty-four (24) firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX), with data spanning from 2010 to 2024. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select firms with consistent financial disclosures over the study period. The results reveal that neither foreign ownership nor managerial ownership individually has a statistically significant effect on firm value. However, the interaction between these ownership structures and corporate risk management shows a statistically significant and positive effect on firm value. The study concludes that corporate risk management plays a vital role in enhancing the relationship between ownership structures and firm value by mitigating risks and aligning managerial decisions with shareholder interests. The study recommends that Nigerian financial services firms implement comprehensive risk management frameworks, and that regulatory bodies enhance transparency in ownership structures and risk management practices to improve firm value and ensure long-term sustainability in the sector.
Adama Sumaila, Beatrice Atta Mensah, Fati Bodua Seidu, Nora Dodoo Odonkor, Peter Agyekum Boateng
Modern supply chains often hide low-wage workers, unsafe conditions, and environmental harm, even when companies say they are doing corporate social responsibility (CSR). New human-rights due-diligence laws show that traditional CSR reports and audits are not enough to prevent abuse in complex value chains. This paper explores CSR as redemption, using biblical texts such as Micah 6:8, Isaiah 58, and Luke 19:8 to imagine business as part of God’s work of justice and restoration. We link this vision with recent research on faith-driven CSR, supply-chain due diligence, worker-driven social responsibility programmes, and restorative justice in corporate settings. We then propose a simple conceptual framework that connects biblical redemption, ethical leadership, and practical steps like fair contracts, worker voice, and reparations. The aim is to help firms, churches, and civil society pursue supply chains that protect dignity and repair harm.
Agustin, Noel B, Magno, Mary Jane S, Maraya, Lorelyn F, Matias, Effer Mark Joseph I M
This study examines the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the operational effectiveness of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. The research aims to assess the influence of CSR initiatives on business operations, particularly in terms of operational efficiency, financial performance, and institutional reputation. It also seeks to identify challenges encountered in CSR implementation and provide strategic recommendations for enhancing CSR integration within MFIs. The study employs a quantitative research design, utilizing a descriptive-correlational approach to analyze the relationship between CSR activities and business operations. Purposive sampling was used to select 28 key employees from registered MFIs in Cabanatuan City who actively engage in CSR initiatives. Data collection was conducted through structured surveys and questionnaires, which were analyzed using statistical methods to determine the extent of CSR’s impact on operational performance.
Dr. Nilüfer Türksoy, Dr. Ochanya Ajii
This study addresses the urgent need for innovative strategies to tackle environmental challenges, focusing on the role of private corporations' corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. It examines how firms like Dangote Group and MTNN use CSR, alongside mainstream media agenda-setting functions, to raise environmental awareness and promote sustainability. A literature review contextualizes the theories and assesses how environmental information is disseminated. Findings reveal a significant gap, with limited CSR-led environmental education and public awareness efforts in the media. The study calls for a renewed emphasis on corporate-media synergy, especially in the global south, to enhance private sector contributions to global environmental solutions.
Azli Bin Affrain, Hamood AL Ghadani
This study identified criteria for evaluating grade 12 English curriculum in the Sultanate of Oman, considering the goals of Oman Vision 2040. To achieve this, the study employed a descriptive approach to data collection and analysis. The researchers developed a list of the objectives of Oman Vision 2040, drawing on previous research and the Omani Vision 2040, and identified six axes: human capital development, digital skills and technological integration, knowledge-based economy and innovative readiness, social welfare and global citizenship, educational pathways and national values, identity, and culture. The sample consisted of 10 arbitrators with expertise and experience in English, teaching methods, curricula, measurement and evaluation to express their observations about the form in terms of the vocabulary, the alignment to which the criteria belong to the intended objectives, their suitability, accuracy, clarity where the study feedback was carefully considered. Based on the arbitrator's' comments, the list of the final form consisted of six axes which included 30 criteria. This study will be beneficial to the Ministry of Education in the Sultanate of Oman by prompting a review of the extent to which the English language curriculum incorporates the criteria of Oman Vision 2040. There are no studies that aimed at evaluating the Omani English curriculum for grade 12 considering Oman vision 2040. Therefore, the curricula designers should study the insertion of Oman vision 2040 objectives in the Omani grade 12 English curriculum's objectives. So, the current study presents substantial criteria for evaluating the current curricula and help develop future English curricula.
Mayongam Muinao
This paper examines the escalating hydropower competition between China and India in the Yarlung Tsangpo river basin, analysing how infrastructure development on transboundary waters has evolved into a critical flashpoint for regional security. Through systematic analysis of China’s Medog Dam project and India’s counter-dam strategy, this study reveals how the absence of robust cooperative frameworks transforms water resource development into a strategic security dilemma. The research demonstrates that this competitive dynamic disproportionately impacts downstream populations and indigenous communities while undermining long-term ecological stability. Drawing on this development and empirical evidence from the transboundary river disputes, the paper argues that the current trajectory of unilateral dam construction represents an institutionally deficient approach to transboundary water governance, necessitating urgent trilateral cooperation mechanisms to prevent the transformation of shared water resources into instruments of geopolitical contestation.
Md. Hasinur Rahman
This study examines processes of cultural adaptation and socioeconomic change among the Santal community of Birganj Upazila, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Drawing on a qualitative case study based on six in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions. The research explores how Santals negotiate livelihood insecurity, educational change, religious transformation, and shifting family and gender relations within conditions of persistent structural marginalization. The findings show that livelihoods remain largely dependent on agriculture and daily wage labor with the number of increasing labor mobility and educational aspirations signal gradual social change. Religious conversion to Christianity has functioned as an important strategy of social adaptation, facilitating access to education and institutional support while reshaping collective identity. At the same time, traditional cultural practices- such as music, dance, festivals, and communal solidarity- continue to play a central role in everyday social life. From a sociological perspective, the study demonstrates that Santal adaptation occurs through selective continuity rather than assimilation, within a context of adverse incorporation, land insecurity, and limited state support. The paper contributes to sociological debates on ethnicity, rural inequality, and development in Bangladesh by foregrounding indigenous agency alongside enduring structural constraints.
Effendi Mohamad, Ihwan Ghazali, Nasri Semiun, Putera Aziezul Adha
The diffusion of Industry 4.0 technologies has emerged as a strategic imperative for manufacturing firms seeking to enhance competitiveness, resilience, and sustainability. While prior studies have extensively examined technological, organizational, and environmental determinants of Industry 4.0 readiness, the role of cultural value dimensions remains insufficiently theorized and empirically grounded. This conceptual paper advances a culturally informed perspective on Industry 4.0 readiness in the manufacturing sector by integrating cultural value theory with established readiness frameworks. Drawing on Hofstede’s cultural value dimensions and complementary organizational culture literature, the study develops a multidimensional conceptual model explaining how cultural values shape organizational capabilities, strategic orientations, and workforce readiness for Industry 4.0 adoption. The paper synthesizes evidence from manufacturing research to demonstrate that cultural values such as power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, and long-term orientation act as deep structural mechanisms influencing technology acceptance, learning capability, and innovation behaviour. The proposed framework contributes to Industry 4.0 scholarship by moving beyond techno-centric explanations and offering a theoretically grounded lens for understanding cross-organizational and cross-contextual variation in manufacturing readiness. Practical implications for managers and policymakers are discussed, alongside directions for future empirical validation.
Kok Swee Leong, Ngoi Yuk Loong, Syafeeza Ahmad Radzi, Tong Song Pui
This paper introduces a real-time system for data visualization and fault detection specifically tailored for industrial sputtering processes, focusing on monitoring parameters such as deposition rate, film thickness, material types (Ti, Ag, Ni), and overall process status. The project's primary goals are to model multi-level anomaly outliers to detect potential OCR errors and process deviations, implement a real-time embedded vision system for automated data acquisition from the equipment's display (achieving high accuracy with YOLO and PaddleOCR), and deploy a complete monitoring application featuring real-time visualization and post-process analysis. Data acquisition is carried out using a high-resolution camera, where YOLO achieves 99.5% mAP@0.5 in supervised detection of visual indicators, and PaddleOCR attains 99.57% accuracy in extracting numerical parameters. Preprocessing incorporates a median filter to suppress noise, while DBSCAN identifies sudden OCR fluctuations and linear regression models parameter trends. The postprocessed data are stored in structured CSV files. By integrating robust supervised and unsupervised learning techniques with data science methodologies, the proposed solution ensures reliable operational monitoring, enables early anomaly detection, and supports predictive maintenance strategies in industrial settings.
Darren Maing Anak Abitt, Silah Hayati Kamsani
Educational equity in STEM fields remains a critical challenge for developing economies participating in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This study systematically characterises QR code parameters for reliable detection in low-cost automation systems. The investigation used an ESP32-CAM-based package sorting platform representative of Malaysian educational laboratory capabilities. Multi-dimensional experimentation across code sizes (3×3 cm to 6×6 cm), scanner positioning heights (12.5 - 20.5 cm), and orientation angles (0°- 60°) established evidence-based implementation guidelines. Results from 30 experimental runs revealed that larger codes (6×6 cm) achieved 100% recognition success at optimal heights (12.5 - 16.5 cm), while smaller codes (3×3 cm, 4×4 cm) demonstrated substantially lower success rates. Educational evaluation with 31 participants showed 20% average improvement in automation concept mastery, with 61.3% reporting increased STEM interest following hands-on interaction. The QR code-based system demonstrated low implementation costs (RM 768.25/USD 62 per laboratory station) using standard office equipment and basic camera modules, making automation education accessible within typical Malaysian institutional budgets. These findings demonstrate that strategic technology selection leveraging consumer familiarity can overcome resource constraints traditionally limiting developing economy students’ access to hands-on engineering education, supporting Malaysia's Industry 4.0 workforce development goals while providing frameworks applicable across ASEAN contexts.
Anas Abdul Latiff, Dakshayanie Maniaruse, Fakrulradzi Idris, Norlezah Hashim
This study explores the impact of gateway placement on the performance of LoRaWAN networks in a multi-floor indoor environment, focusing on signal propagation and packet delivery reliability. Leveraging The Things Network (TTN) as the network server and Ubidots for real-time data visualization, the project involved designing and deploying an indoor LoRaWAN setup to evaluate how gateway elevation influences key metrics such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Results indicate that while Level 4 gateway placement offers stronger performance in line- of-sight (LOS) areas, it suffers from sharp degradation in lower floors. Conversely, Level 3 gateway placement provides more consistent coverage, particularly in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and in the first floor areas. These findings emphasize that optimal gateway placement is not necessarily the highest point, but rather a strategically balanced position suited to the building’s structure. The integration of TTN and Ubidots proved essential for reliable network management, supporting practical recommendations for scalable and energy- efficient LoRaWAN deployments in complex indoor environments.
Mohd. Hariz Iskandar, Nurulhalim Bin Hassim
This paper presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and validation of an ultra-wideband (UWB) log spiral antenna engineered for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting over 500 MHz–3 GHz. The antenna addresses traditional limitations of log-spiral designs, including rapid physical expansion and challenges in achieving low cut-off frequencies. Using CST Studio Suite 2025, the antenna was modelled with optimized geometric parameters derived from analytical equations, enabling compactness while preserving wideband characteristics. Performance evaluations—including return loss (S11), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, radiation pattern, and far-field behavior—were conducted. Fabrication was completed using FR4 substrate followed by measurement using a FieldFox vector network analyzer and anechoic chamber. Results demonstrate excellent agreement between simulation and physical measurements, achieving −20.9 dB (simulated) and −32 dB (measured) return loss, and VSWR values near unity (1.06–1.19). The antenna exhibits suitable omnidirectional radiation and efficiencies required for broadband RF energy harvesting. This work confirms the feasibility of developing low-cost, planar, wideband spiral antennas for ambient RF energy capture and provides a practical foundation for integration with rectifying circuits in low-power IoT systems.
Chamil Arkhasa Nikko Mazlan, Guo Xiao
Design thinking has gained increasing prominence as an innovation-oriented pedagogical approach across educational contexts; however, its application in music education remains under-theorised and often relies on uncritical transfer from design and engineering domains. This conceptual paper argues that such direct adoption risks epistemological misalignment with music education, where learning is grounded in embodied, affective, and practice-based forms of knowing. Adopting a conceptual synthesis approach, this study draws on interdisciplinary literature spanning design thinking, music education, creativity studies, curriculum theory, and educational research methodologies to critically examine points of convergence and tension between design thinking and music education. The analysis reveals that generic, stage-based design thinking models inadequately account for the iterative, reflective, and artistic processes central to musical learning. In response, the paper reframes design thinking as a pedagogical orientation rather than a prescriptive method, aligning its core principles with music-specific practices such as listening, improvisation, rehearsal, composition, and reflective refinement. The paper further discusses the methodological implications of this reframing, positioning design-based research and arts-based research as epistemologically compatible approaches for future inquiry in music education contexts. By offering a discipline-sensitive conceptual synthesis, this article contributes a theoretically grounded lens for integrating design thinking into music education in ways that respect artistic practice, support creative pedagogy, and inform curriculum innovation.
Baidar Mohammed Mohammed Hasan, Hakim Ebrahim Abdul Jabbar Al-Shamiri, Hasnizam Bin Hashim, Mahmoud Mohamed Ali Mahmoud Edris, Muneer Ali Abdul Rab, Setiyawan bin Gunardi, Wan Abdul Fattah Bin Wan Ismail
In the absence of a comprehensive Maqāṣid-based framework for safeguarding psychological health- one that integrates both its juristic foundations and preventive and therapeutic enhancement mechanisms- this study aims to establish the position of psychological health within the Objectives of Islamic Law (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah), clarify its related objectives, and analyze the Sharīʿah-based strategies for its reinforcement. The research employs an analytical and inductive methodology. The study concludes that Islam places profound emphasis on consolidating the psychological, behavioral, and spiritual determinants of individual well-being through faith and certainty in Allah, resilience in the face of adversity, patience during trials, social cooperation, and the cultivation of contentment, satisfaction, and optimism. Such principles enhance emotional stability and safeguard the self from deviation in conduct, while also promoting protection from polytheism, innovations, desires, negligence, and caprice. The Objectives of Islamic Law provide a comprehensive framework for the psychological, spiritual, and social preservation of individuals, fostering internal balance, personal and societal stability, and strengthening the capacity to confront life’s pressures and challenges with sound reasoning and a tranquil spirit. Key preventive and therapeutic mechanisms for promoting psychological health include spiritual worship, adherence to ethical and moral values, acquisition and implementation of Islamic knowledge, achieving social and familial balance, Ruqyah (Islamic spiritual healing), and seeking psychological treatment within Sharīʿah-compliant boundaries. This study contributes to clarifying a holistic Sharīʿah-based framework for enhancing psychological health and offers both theoretical and practical insights for educational and community institutions, enabling the design of integrated preventive and therapeutic programs aligned with the objectives of Islamic Law, thereby supporting individual and societal psychological and social stability.
Ahmad Abdulsamad, Alhassan Abdulrahman, Anthony Idoko Egu, Ekedegwa, A. Inalegwu Godwin, Emeka N. Iloegbunam, Surayya Saidu Diri Lawal
Nigeria faces severe energy deficits, with over 80 million citizens lacking reliable electricity despite vast renewable potential. existing studies in subsaharan africa have focused mainly on public attitudes toward renewables, offering limited behavioural insight for actionable policy. this study aims to assess renewable energy (re) adoption propensities in nigeria and examine urban–rural divergences to guide targeted interventions. the study employs open data kit (odk) to enhance data quality and uses binary logistic regression to predict re adoption behaviour. a stratified random sample of 2,500 respondents drawn from nigeria’s six geopolitical zones was surveyed. key variables include awareness, education, attitudes, income, and residential location. results show an overall re adoption propensity of 62.1%, higher in urban areas (70.2%) than rural areas (53.9%). significant predictors of adoption include urban residence (or = 1.92, p < 0.001), educational attainment (or = 1.41, p = 0.003), awareness (or = 1.28, p = 0.015), favourable attitudes (or = 1.16, p = 0.027), and income (or = 1.00, p = 0.042). Unlike kenya’s rural-led inclination toward renewables (oluoch et al., 2020), nigeria displays urban primacy, attributed to economic inequalities and grid unreliability. this study shifts from attitudinal assessment to behavioural prediction, offering a forward-looking analysis of re adoption. by integrating enhanced data collection tools and modelling behavioural propensities, the research provides actionable insights for designing targeted policies—particularly rural-focused awareness and instructional campaigns—beyond the descriptive limits of earlier studies.
Francis Ewulley
Student residential environments constitute a critical dimension of higher education experience, shaping engagement, psychosocial well-being, academic persistence, and achievement. This study investigates the determinants of university students’ residential choice and examines how residential environments influence academic engagement and achievement using empirical evidence from a Ghanaian private university. Drawing on data from 100 students, supported by contemporary African and international scholarship, the study explores socio-economic, infrastructural, psychosocial, and institutional factors shaping housing decisions and evaluates the mediating influence of residential conditions on learning behaviour and academic outcomes. The study integrates Tinto’s Student Integration Theory, Astin’s Student Involvement Theory, and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory to conceptualise pathways connecting residence choice, integration, behavioural involvement, and academic performance. Findings reveal that affordability, proximity to campus, security, electricity stability, internet connectivity, privacy, and peer accessibility significantly shape residential decisions. Residential environments further influence time management, social integration, study consistency, academic motivation, and perceived performance. The paper concludes that student housing is not merely a welfare issue but an educational quality and equity policy imperative in Ghana and wider Africa. Policy recommendations, implications for practice, limitations, and areas for further research are articulated.
Jenny Orbegoso, Lyndon Bermoy
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) presents persistent challenges in home environments where children are required to follow instructions, complete routines, and regulate emotions with limited external structure, making consistent parent-mediated behavioral intervention difficult to sustain. This study presents the development and evaluation of PARBIS, a Parent-Guided Augmented Reality Behavioral Intervention System designed to support home-based behavioral routines for children with ADHD by integrating augmented reality (AR) guidance, structured caregiver prompts, and automated behavioral analytics. PARBIS targets three core behavioral domains—instruction-following, task completion, and emotional regulation—using standardized, step-based AR-guided routines implemented in a mobile application. A design-and-development research approach was employed, incorporating user-centered system design, expert validation, parent–child usability testing, and analysis of system-generated behavioral data collected during real-world home use. Results demonstrated high routine completion rates, low redirection frequencies, and consistently high success scores across intervention sessions. Descriptive statistical analysis indicated stable behavioral engagement, while inferential analysis revealed significantly higher performance in calm-down and instruction-following routines compared to task completion routines (p < 0.05). Longitudinal analytics further showed sustained engagement across repeated sessions, indicating that performance gains were not solely attributable to novelty effects. These findings demonstrate that PARBIS is a feasible, usable, and data-driven parent-guided AR intervention platform that enhances behavioral engagement and consistency in home settings. By preserving caregiver agency while leveraging immersive visual scaffolding and objective analytics, PARBIS offers a novel and scalable approach to home-based behavioral support for children with ADHD.
Edna B. Nabua, Kristine Joy A. Melitante.
Instructional planning in Senior High School chemistry is frequently informed by summative assessment outcomes, which offer limited diagnostic insight into students’ topic-specific learning needs. This study reports the development and preliminary validation of CHEM-LENS (Chemistry Learning Needs Survey), a curriculum-aligned diagnostic instrument designed to identify perceived learning difficulties across major chemistry domains. Employing a quantitative descriptive research design, CHEM-LENS was developed through a staged, theory-informed process encompassing curriculum-based item construction, readability evaluation, expert content validation, pilot testing, item analysis, and estimation of internal consistency reliability. The finalized 50-item instrument was administered to Senior High School students (n = 80), with a separate pilot sample (n = 50). Findings indicated acceptable preliminary measurement quality, including strong expert-rated content validity, satisfactory item functioning, and good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = .83). Results of the needs assessment revealed differentiated patterns of chemistry learning difficulty, with thermochemistry, chemical reactions, chemical bonding, and atomic structure emerging as high-priority learning need areas. In contrast, topics grounded in foundational concepts and real-life applications were perceived as less challenging. Collectively, these findings suggest that CHEM-LENS demonstrates adequate preliminary quality for diagnostic use and holds promise for supporting data-informed instructional planning in Senior High School chemistry. Further psychometric validation is recommended to strengthen its measurement properties and applicability across diverse educational contexts.
Douglas Salazar, Jean Rose Perez
The Philippines continues to experience increasingly severe climate-related hazards, highlighting the need to strengthen climate literacy among secondary learners. This study examined the short-term normalized gain associated with an SDG 13–aligned Climate Action Simulation Lab (CASL) designed for Grade 9 Science. Grounded in constructivism, experiential learning, and systems thinking frameworks, the CASL was developed using the 4D Model and aligned with Grade 9 Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs). A one-group pretest–posttest intervention design was employed involving 22 Grade 9 learners from a private school in Iligan City. The two-week intervention consisted of four CASL worksheets featuring scenario-based climate simulations. Quantitative data were collected using a researcher-developed test, while learner perceptions and open-ended responses provided complementary qualitative insights. Results showed a statistically significant increase in post-test scores compared to pre-test scores, supported by both a paired-samples t-test and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Normalized gain analysis indicated positive normalized gain for all participants. Learner feedback and thematic analysis suggested improved understanding of climate drivers, adaptation strategies, and the social and socioeconomic dimensions of climate change. Overall, the findings provide initial evidence that the CASL approach is a promising and feasible, curriculum-aligned instructional strategy for supporting climate learning in a specific classroom context. However, interpretations are limited by the one-group design, small sample size, and short duration of implementation. Further research using comparative and longitudinal designs is recommended.
Abotanio, Aldrin L, Anggot, Cher Melisande R, Baculio, Christina Rose C.Lluisma, Mary Lyn N.,Talib, Norhana D, Omandam, Keanri Samuel M, Radiamoda, Haris B, Ventero, Mae L
This study, titled "Digital Empathy and Online Emotional Connections Among Teenagers at Iligan City National High School," aimed to determine how empathy and emotional connections are expressed and developed through online interactions among adolescents. The main goal was to assess the presence and relationship between digital empathy and online emotional connections among high school students. Data were gathered through Google Forms surveys using a descriptive-correlational design to examine the link between digital empathy and emotional connection. Results showed that teenagers display digital empathy online, showing care and understanding through social media and chats. Emotional connections exist but vary in depth based on interaction quality. Overall, while digital empathy promotes openness, face-to-face interaction remains vital for deeper connection. The findings encourage educators to foster mindful and empathetic online behavior among students.
Elida Peka, Endi Peka
The rapid expansion of digital technology has transformed the ways in which autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is understood, communicated, and represented in public contexts. Social media sites, online communities and eLearning have allowed unprecedented opportunity for autistic individuals to advocate for themselves, express their identities, and create communities around those identities. We must also consider that these environments facilitate the dissemination of misinformation, stereotypical messages and ethical dilemmas related to algorithmic bias, data privacy, and use of AI-based diagnostics. This narrative review brings together multidisciplinary literature written from 2021-2025 to understand the effects of digital media on autism awareness, identity development, and public discourse. Examples of positive effects included promotion of autistic voices, increased access to educational materials, and visibility of perspectives that affirm neurodiversity.
Joyzy Pius Egunjobi, Lucy Simiyu-Achola
Digital parenting has in recent years changed the dynamics of parenting and millennial parents are the most affected. While there are numerous benefits of digital parenting for both children and parents, there are challenges faced by parents that lead to different dimensions of stress, including biological, psychological, social, technological and spiritual. This study aimed to explore digital parenting and the various dimensions of stress among millennial parents who are members of the peer counseling club alumni of the United States International University. Phenomenological design was used as an appropriate qualitative method. A purposive sampling technique was used to sample 10 peer student counselors from a total of 20 who are members of the peer counseling club alumni. Individual interviews were conducted and data collected. Data was analyzed using narrative analysis. The findings showed that the use of digital media is widespread among children of millennial parents who have embraced its usage. Millennial parents are however faced with mostly biological, psychological and spiritual stresses associated with digital parenting. To deal with these dimensions of stress, they have devised effective coping mechanisms.
Safa Chaieb
Regenerative tourism emerges as a transformational paradigm aimed at creating net positive impacts on natural and social ecosystems. This article examines the role of digital technologies as catalysts for sustainable value co-creation within the context of regenerative tourism marketing. Through a systematic literature review mobilizing theories of value co-creation, stakeholder engagement, and technology acceptance, we develop an integrative conceptual model proposing four research hypotheses. These hypotheses explore: (H1) the influence of digital technologies on stakeholder engagement, (H2) the mediating role of engagement in sustainable value co-creation, (H3) the direct effect of technologies on value co-creation, and (H4) the impact of co-creation on future participation intention. This research contributes theoretically to the intersection between sustainability marketing, Service-Dominant Logic, and regenerative tourism, while offering strategic managerial implications for destinations and tourism organizations seeking to operationalize an authentic regenerative approach.
Dr. Nicholas Odongo, Michael Musheba Ndopu
Zambia’s electricity sector is predominantly reliant on hydropower, generating 85% of its energy from hydroelectric sources. However, climate change-induced droughts and water shortages at major reservoirs, such as Kariba Dam, exposed the country to severe energy instability. Consequently, energy diversification has become an urgent policy objective for ZESCO and the Zambian government. This study examined ZESCO’s transition from hydro-dependence to a diversified energy mix by assessing consumer perceptions, stakeholder perspectives, and policy challenges affecting renewable energy adoption. A qualitative case study approach was employed, combining semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and document analysis of energy policies, regulatory frameworks, and investment reports. The study sample included ZESCO officials, government policymakers, energy experts, and electricity consumers, providing a multi-dimensional understanding of Zambia’s energy diversification landscape. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis, which identified core themes related to energy security, financial constraints, policy barriers, and public willingness to support diversification efforts. Results revealed that 65% of consumers rated electricity supply as unreliable, with daily outages lasting between 8 and 16 hours for most respondents. Public awareness of ZESCO’s diversification initiatives was low, with 50% only somewhat informed about renewable projects. Solar and wind energy emerged as preferred alternatives, with 40% supporting solar expansion. Financial constraints (25%) and regulatory barriers (25%) were the primary obstacles. Despite these barriers, 50% of consumers expressed willingness to pay higher tariffs for improved reliability. The study recommended policy enhancements, strategic investments in solar and wind, and improved consumer engagement to support Zambia’s transition toward a resilient and diversified energy future.
Maisarah Misbu, Muhammad Alif Ikhmal Mohd Azlan, Nor Irwani Abdul Rahman
The rapid expansion of e-commerce has heightened competition among online platforms, driving the use of shipping discounts as a key promotional tool. While such incentives aim to attract and retain customers, frequent switching across platforms raises concerns about their effectiveness in sustaining loyalty. This study investigates the effects of platform trust and shipping discounts on platform switching behaviour and repurchase intention among Malaysian online shoppers, employing the Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework. Platform trust is conceptualized as a mooring factor that discourages switching, whereas shipping discounts act as pull factors encouraging migration. A quantitative research approach with 208 respondents was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that platform trust significantly reduces switching behaviour, while shipping discounts exert no significant influence. Moreover, platform switching behaviour negatively impacts repurchase intention and mediates the relationship between platform trust and repurchase intention, but not between shipping discounts and repurchase intention. These results extend trust theory within the PPM framework and underscore the limitations of price-based incentives in fostering loyalty. Practically, the study suggests that e-commerce platforms should focus on trust-building strategies alongside innovative service enhancements to improve customer retention in Malaysia’s competitive digital marketplace.
Khairul Hisyam Kamarudin, Li Ruohan
Green agriculture is recognized as a critical remedy for modern agricultural reform and a pivotal component in achieving rural revitalization. As a major agricultural province, Shandong stands at the forefront of this transition, moving away from traditional ‘petroleum agriculture’ toward sustainable practices. This paper provides a systematic literature review on the development of green agriculture, synthesizing research on its concepts, characteristics, and formation causes. It categorizes the influencing factors into economic, social, environmental, and resource dimensions. Furthermore, it analyzes the specific challenges facing green agriculture development such as weak theoretical foundations, irregular standardization, and disconnected supply chains and proposes targeted strategies for the Shandong context. The review concludes that while significant qualitative research exists, future studies must integrate quantitative statistical models and internet-based innovations to offer robust solutions for the sector.
Ali S. Yusufu Bagaji, Elijah Ekele Abimaje
This study examines the effect of e-governance reforms on service delivery efficiency in sub-national revenue administration, with empirical evidence from the Kogi State Board of Internal Revenue (KG-BIR), Nigeria, covering the period 2019–2024. Anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model and New Public Management theory, the study adopts a descriptive case study design supported by mixed methods. Primary data were obtained through structured questionnaires administered to KG-BIR staff and registered taxpayers, complemented by semi-structured interviews with senior revenue officials and ICT consultants. Secondary data were sourced from institutional records, administrative reports, and relevant policy documents. Findings indicate that e-governance reforms, particularly the introduction of electronic tax registration, automated assessment systems, and online payment platforms, significantly enhanced service delivery efficiency by reducing processing time, improving transparency, minimizing revenue leakages, and strengthening taxpayer compliance. Comparative performance indicators reveal notable improvements in administrative turnaround time and sustained growth in internally generated revenue during the reform period. However, the effectiveness of these reforms is constrained by challenges such as unstable internet connectivity, inadequate ICT infrastructure in rural areas, limited digital literacy among taxpayers, and insufficient technical support. The results affirm the relevance of the Technology Acceptance Model, as perceived usefulness and ease of use significantly influenced adoption, while New Public Management principles explain the shift toward efficiency-driven and performance-oriented revenue service delivery. The study recommends sustained investment in ICT infrastructure, continuous capacity building for revenue personnel, targeted taxpayer digital literacy programmes, strengthened technical support mechanisms, and the institutionalization of supportive digital governance policies to ensure sustainability. The study concludes that e-governance reforms have substantially improved service delivery efficiency in Kogi State’s revenue administration, although long-term success depends on inclusive, coordinated, and context-responsive implementation strategies.
Abdulwasiu Isiaq Nasirudeen, Badirat Opeyemi Lawal
The rapid expansion of e-learning has transformed foreign language instruction, yet empirical research on online Arabic language pedagogy remains limited compared to studies on commonly taught European languages. Arabic poses distinct instructional challenges in digital environments due to diglossia, complex morphology, phonological difficulty, and non-Latin script directionality. Addressing this gap, the present mixed-methods study investigates effective online teaching practices, digital tools, and assessment strategies for Arabic language instruction. Data were collected from 127 students enrolled in fully online Arabic degree programs across four universities in Malaysia. Guided by Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Constructivist theory, and the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, the study integrates a quantitative survey with qualitative learner reflections. Quantitative findings reveal strong correlations between instructor presence, synchronous speaking activities, multimedia support, and perceived language gains, with notable variation across proficiency levels. Qualitative analysis further highlights the importance of cultural immersion, sustained pronunciation feedback, and challenges related to script acquisition, particularly for beginner learners. By situating learner perceptions within established CALL frameworks, this study contributes empirically grounded best-practice guidelines for designing and implementing effective online Arabic language curricula.
Ibrahim Ahmad, Nazreen Abdullasim, Nor Nazmi Razali, Radzuan Nordin
The enduring heritage of Islamic science and astronomy (Falak) is integral to Malaysian religious and cultural life, providing the basis for critical practices like Qibla determination and the sighting of the moon crescent (Hilal). Despite this relevance, reliance on traditional, passive education methods has led to a persistent public knowledge deficit, particularly concerning Falak’s scientific rigor. This paper proposes and details the implementation of the Interactive Falak Space (IFS) Model at Pusat Falak al-Khawarizmi Melaka (which operates under the Jabatan Mufti Melaka). The model adopts David A. Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) and features a deliberate three-phased visitor journey: the Exhibition Space (Concrete Experience), the Interactive Space (Active Experimentation via Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Interactive Wall Projection), and the Dome Projection (Reflective Observation and Abstract Conceptualization). Content is derived from the academic quality of UTeM’s Falak curriculum and follows a three-stage curation strategy: general science fundamentals, historical appreciation of Islamic astronomy, and experiential Falak practices. The IFS Model is presented as an innovative and scalable pedagogical solution that effectively bridges the divide between historical scientific contributions and modern, engaging education, ultimately fostering comprehensive scientific literacy and a deeper appreciation for this vital heritage among the Malaysian community.
Mary Oluga
East African education systems face continuous volatility driven by global demands, regional integration, and systemic shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper analyzes the Foundations for Learning (F4L) project, a multi-country professional development initiative for Teacher Educators navigating mid-project shifts from Certificate to Diploma qualifications and the adoption of Competency-Based Curricula (CBC). Utilizing a qualitative case study design triangulating policy analysis, stakeholder dialogue, and primary interviews (N=92), the study explores how project fidelity was maintained amidst radical transitions. Anchored in Adaptive Management and Resilience theories, the findings reveal that while policy volatility and human resource instability posed significant risks—including institutional memory loss and pedagogical misalignment—strategic leveraging of institutional assets fostered systemic resilience. These assets include ICT integration, action research, reflective practice, mentorship, and leadership development. The paper concludes that educational reforms should be viewed as "learning moments" for building adaptive capacity, offering transferable lessons for interventions in volatile, low-income contexts.
Babalola, Femi Elijah, Balogun, Shyngle Kolawole, Haruna Success Samuel
Aggressive behaviour is a complex neurobehavioural phenomenon influenced by biological, psychological, and environmental factors, including exposure to psychoactive substances. Although alcohol and energy drinks have each been independently linked to alterations in aggression, limited experimental evidence exists regarding their separate and combined effects, particularly in female animal models. This study investigated the chronic effects of alcohol, energy drinks, and their co-administration on aggressive behaviour in female albino Wistar rats. A total of 28 female albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, Energy Drink, Alcohol, and Alcohol combined with Energy Drink. Rats received daily oral administration of alcohol (0.5 ml/kg body weight), energy drink (1.0 ml/kg body weight), or their combination for 28 consecutive days. Aggressive behaviour was assessed using the validated Resident–Intruder Paradigm, with dominant posture, scratching, and biting recorded as indices of aggression. Data were analysed using One-Way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons. Results revealed a statistically significant effect of treatment on aggressive behaviour, p < .001, with a large effect size (partial η² ≈ .87). Rats exposed to energy drinks exhibited the highest levels of aggression (M = 76.00), followed by alcohol-only exposure (M = 62.43), while the combined alcohol and energy drink group showed the lowest aggression (M = 34.57), even below control levels (M = 44.86). The findings indicate that chronic exposure to alcohol and energy drinks significantly modulates aggressive behaviour in female albino Wistar rats, with stimulatory and depressant substances producing distinct and interactive effects.
Amiya Bhaumik, Chandana Kasturi Arachchi, Chathurini Methmali Karunawardhana
Technological modifications and Global sustainability standards are coupled with the printing and packaging industry due to its immense pressure raised from society for its persisting environmental footprint. Green reverse logistics practices act as a green initiative in representing environmental sustainability. Green technology has now become a pivotal field in achieving carbon neutrality that in turn equalizes the green initiatives. Due to the limited literature and in bridging the empirical gap the study focuses on probing the relationship between green technology and its impact on the green practices in the printing and packaging industry in Sri Lanka. The research employed a single case study, adopted a deductive approach with a quantitative approach under pragmatism research philosophy It involved a questionnaire that was distributed among the supply chain operations in the PrintCare group-being one of the main organizations in the printing and packaging industry. The use of SPSS software for the statistical analysis revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between the adaptation of green technology and its effect on green reverse logistics practices. In enhancing the originality of the study, the practical and impactful insights showed new paths that could be followed by the PrintCare Group and the same could be followed in the Sri Lankan industry and thereby move forward with the global sustainability levels.
Safa Chaieb
This research examines the role of positive emotional storytelling as a lever of influence on the intention to adopt regenerative tourism behaviors. Grounded in the theoretical frameworks of experiential marketing and narrative persuasion, the study comparatively analyzes the impact of an emotional narrative (generating positive emotions such as hope and pride) and a factual narrative on tourists’ behavioral intentions. An online experiment was conducted with potential tourists, randomly assigned to one of the two narrative conditions. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results show that emotional storytelling exerts a significant total effect on regenerative intention (β = 0.44, p < 0.001), unlike the factual narrative. The analysis also reveals a partial mediation effect of character identification (β indirect = 0.18, p < 0.01), as well as a positive moderating effect of perceived authenticity (β = 0.15, p < 0.05). These results underscore that the adoption of regenerative tourism behaviors relies on an integrated experiential dynamic, combining emotion, identification, and authenticity. This research contributes to the literature on sustainable tourism marketing by proposing an explanatory framework highlighting the transformative potential of emotional storytelling to encourage regenerative tourism practices.
Kimberly Ching
Volunteering is widely institutionalized within higher education as a mechanism for promoting civic engagement, social responsibility, and holistic student development. Although its benefits are well established, growing evidence suggests that volunteer engagement may also entail unintended psychological costs, particularly among undergraduate students. One such consequence is emotional exhaustion, a core dimension of burnout characterized by emotional and physical depletion arising from sustained demands. This conceptual review synthesizes existing literature on emotional exhaustion among undergraduate student volunteers, integrating developmental, cultural, motivational, and organizational perspectives. Anchored in Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, the review examines causes, manifestations, and consequences of emotional exhaustion, as well as coping strategies and protective factors relevant to student volunteers. By drawing on international scholarship and Philippine-based studies, this paper identifies critical gaps in the literature and underscores the need for early recognition and preventive interventions. Implications for higher education institutions, volunteer organizations, and mental health practitioners are discussed, with emphasis on promoting sustainable volunteer engagement and student well-being.
Czarina E. Calderon, Jillian Juliana M. Dela Cruz, Joshrey D. Dugyonon, Mikaela Aerielle A. Domingo, Queenne Kimverlee C. Landingin, Roland A. Del Rosario Jr.
Emotional intelligence (EI) and social responsibility are fundamental qualities that shape the competence and ethical foundation of future nurses. Since healthcare professionals are a critical component in patient care and community health, developing these qualities among nursing students is necessary for their success within society and the healthcare sector. This study aimed to assess the emotional intelligence and social responsibility levels of nursing students and further examines their relationship. Using the descriptive cross-sectional correlational design, the study surveyed 286 nursing students from University of La Salette Inc. ranging from 1st to 4th year nursing students using two adopted questionnaires. The Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and the Social Responsibility Scale. The findings indicate that there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and social responsibility. The findings indicated that the emotional intelligence of the respondents scored at a moderate level, meaning that they can recognize and regulate emotions but need to improve. The findings also indicated that their social responsibility was high, showing that they are capable of making meaningful contributions to society. The findings indicated a moderate positive correlation between the two variables, such that as one rises, so does the other. With this moderate positive correlation, they can to a certain extent predict one another. The research upholds the importance of educational training and courses for the improvement of nursing students' emotional intelligence (EI) and social responsibility in order to equip them for their role in society, as well as the medical profession.
Abdulla Zubair Ahmed, Zubair Hassan
This review paper emphasized assessing the past literature on the relationship between emotional intelligence and customer retention and satisfaction. Several recent studies from 2019 to 2025 were reviewed to assess the role of emotional intelligence on customer satisfaction and retention. Particularly 23 papers were selected that appeared in Google Scholar which are relevant to telecommunication sector. The review of the past literature indicated that four components of emotional intelligence such as self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness along with relationship management of frontline employees in the service sector play an important role in improving customer retention and satisfaction. Also, the past literature revealed that customer satisfaction plays a mediating role in harnessing the relationship between emotional intelligence and customer retention. This review paper has several practical and theoretical implications which were discussed in the last section of this paper.
E. R. Emotongha, V. Agbesor
The study examined employee exit-based communication and survival of quoted insurance firms in Nigeria. The study adopted contingency theory to build the literature. The study adopted cross-sectional survey design. The population of the study consists of quoted insurance companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange group (NGX) consisting of twenty three (23) companies in the financial industry in Nigeria. Primary data was used in the study. Content and face validity was utilized. The study employed descriptive and inferential statistical tools such as: mean, standard deviation and Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficients to analyze the data. The findings revealed that employee exit-based communication has a very strong positive and significant influence on survival of quoted insurance firms in Nigeria. The study concludes that employee exit-based communication has a strong and significant influence on the outcomes of productivity, and liquidity; thus advancing positive outcomes of survival of quoted insurance firms in Nigeria. The study recommends that management of quoted insurance firms should prioritize employee exit-based communication: briefed shareholders of any changes; communicate to parties that may be affected by the exited employee status and changes. Furthermore, stakeholders should be keep abreast of the changes to the roles and responsibilities of any exiting employee, thus, this would strengthening bonds and connections between management and employees, creating understanding and shared responsibility within the organization.
M. Shazwan, Muhamad Hassan, Nisrin Ishak, Syafiq Ayop
As hybrid and remote work become the new normal, how employees express their voice sharing ideas, concerns, or feedback has become both more important and more complicated. This paper explores how employee voice operates in digitally mediated workplaces, particularly within private higher education institutions. Using a qualitative approach, we analyzed organizational documents, HR policies, and sector reports to identify common challenges and patterns. While digital platforms have opened up new channels for communication, many employees still face barriers like unclear feedback processes, limited psychological safety, and inconsistent managerial engagement. The study draws on Social Exchange Theory to explain how trust, reciprocity, and recognition shape whether employees feel safe to speak up. Beyond identifying these barriers, the paper offers practical strategies for organizations looking to foster more inclusive and responsive communication. We suggest that digital tools alone aren’t enough—organizations must actively build cultures of openness and trust. To deepen understanding, future research should consider combining qualitative and quantitative methods, engaging directly with employees through surveys or interviews. Case studies of organizations that have successfully created space for employee voice could also provide valuable insights. Exploring other theoretical perspectives alongside Social Exchange Theory may offer a broader understanding of how voice functions in complex, hybrid work settings.
Gunasekara, H D S N P, Rebecca, E
This study extensively investigates the ways in which empowering leadership (EL) influences employees’ innovative work behavior (IWB) within Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) organizations operating in Sri Lanka, with particular attention to the mediating roles of psychological empowerment (PE) and knowledge sharing (KS). Grounded in Social Exchange Theory, the research posits that leaders who exhibit empowering behaviors such as encouraging employee autonomy, participative decision-making, competence development, and confidence building create an organizational environment in which employees feel motivated to reciprocate through heightened engagement in creative and innovative activities. To empirically test these relationships, a comprehensive quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among employees working in selected MEP firms located in Colombo, capturing perspectives from various hierarchical levels, including engineers, technicians, supervisors, and administrative personnel. The results of the analysis indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between EL and IWB, demonstrating that employees exposed to empowering leadership are more likely to generate, promote, and implement new ideas effectively within their work settings. In addition, the findings reveal that both psychological empowerment and knowledge sharing partially mediate this relationship, suggesting that the influence of leadership on innovative behavior is not purely direct but also operates through enhancing employees’ perceptions of meaningful work, personal competence, autonomy in decision-making, and collaborative knowledge exchange. By exploring these psychological and social mechanisms, this study fills a critical theoretical and empirical gap in the context of Sri Lanka’s engineering-intensive MEP sector, offering valuable insights for organizational leaders and practitioners seeking to develop leadership competencies, improve knowledge-management practices, and implement HR systems that foster a sustainable innovation-oriented organizational culture.
Dr. Lubo Ebisine, Dr. Zuobomudor Edwin Agbana
This study examines the extent to which local government interventions in farm-to-market infrastructure and cooperative financing enhance agricultural value-chain performance among smallholder farmers in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Anchored on the value-chain development framework, the study adopts a mixed-methods design, drawing on primary data from 412 farm households, 37 cooperative leaders and 18 local government officials across selected Local Government Areas in Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers States. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression techniques, while qualitative data from key informant interviews and focus group discussions were thematically evaluated. Results reveal that access to all-season rural roads, storage facilities and organized markets significantly improves farmers’ access to buyers, reduces transaction costs and lowers post-harvest losses. The infrastructure index exerts the strongest influence on value-chain performance, with a one-unit increase associated with a 0.29-point rise in the composite outcome index. Cooperative financing also contributes positively, enabling farmers to access affordable credit and collective marketing channels, thereby improving liquidity and bargaining power. Elasticity estimates indicate that improvements in infrastructure and cooperative services jointly account for a substantial share of variation in value-chain outcomes, with complementary interaction effects. However, the study also identifies governance-related constraints, including irregular funding releases, political turnover and weak monitoring systems that dilute programme effectiveness, particularly in riverine LGAs. The study concludes that sustainable value-chain upgrading requires coordinated investment in rural infrastructure, strengthened cooperative systems and accountable local governance. It recommends targeted resource allocation to underserved areas, gender-responsive financing frameworks and institutionalized maintenance and monitoring structures to maximize value-chain gains and rural welfare outcomes.
Muhammad Shodiq
The rapid evolution of financial markets demands a corresponding advancement in wealth management education, particularly in developing competencies that align with real-world performance expectations. This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Reality (VR) technologies to enhance learning outcomes in wealth management training especially on the Market Linked Deposit Product. By leveraging AI-driven personalization and immersive VR simulations, learners engage in realistic financial advisory scenarios that foster critical thinking, decision-making, and client interaction skills. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative performance assessments with qualitative feedback from participants for the staff at an Indonesian Financial Institution. Results indicate significant improvements in learner engagement, competency acquisition, and practical application of wealth management principles as well as the improvements of business outcome. The findings suggest that AI-powered VR learning environments offer a scalable and effective solution for bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and professional readiness in financial education. Implications for curriculum design, instructional strategies, and future research directions are discussed.
Ariel O. Ellare, Arlyn R. Alcopra, Elesar V. Malicoban, Hafizah S. Pasod, Monera A. Salic-Hairulla, Vanjoreeh A. Madale
This study sought to strengthen the instructional delivery of Ohm’s Law in Grade 8 Science by undertaking a needs-based development of an Interactive Scenario-Based Simulation (ISBS) Activity. The initial phase involved systematic needs assessment among in-service Grade 8 Science teachers to determine their prevailing experiences, challenges, and instructional requirements when teaching the relationship among voltage, current, and resistance. Findings indicated persistent learner difficulties in conceptualizing electrical interactions, an overreliance on formula manipulation, and reduced engagement arising from predominantly lecture-centered instruction. Teachers further reported limited access to laboratory resources and a lack of interactive, inquiry-oriented materials capable of visualizing abstract circuit behavior.
Dharel S. Madrazo, Douglas A. Salazar
This research investigated the effectiveness of a Modified Open Approach integrated with a Multi-Problem Rotational Model in enhancing the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of challenged high school learners, specifically in solving word problems involving systems of linear equations in one variable. Addressing the pedagogical gap where struggling students are often excluded from complex cognitive tasks, this research implemented a unique five-phase instructional cycle featuring a Rethink Mechanism. A 15-item HOTS assessment, validated by three mathematics experts and pilot-tested for reliability (n = 12), was used to measure gains in analysis, evaluation, and creation. Results from the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test revealed a statistically significant improvement (p = .0005), with mean scores increasing from a pre-test baseline of 7.80 (52%) to a post-test mastery level of 11.30 (75%). The findings suggest that the rotational model serves as a social scaffold, reducing cognitive anxiety by allowing students to build upon peer-generated logic. The study concludes that the "Rethink" phase is a critical catalyst for cognitive flexibility, providing an equitable pathway for challenged learners to achieve proficiency in high-level mathematical reasoning.
Sheryl Jane P. Silang
According to current PISA findings, Filipino students continue to perform poorly in science, which highlights the need for teaching strategies that improve conceptual comprehension and scientific reasoning. A group of Grade 7 challenged students at Dalipuga National High School continuously showed signs of struggling to grasp important science skills, especially when it came to deciphering diagrams, describing particle motion, and applying ideas to practical contexts. The usefulness of PISA-Inspired Lessons in enhancing the science concept understanding of ten purposefully chosen challenged learners was investigated in this action research. The learners were administered a validated PISA-aligned pretest before the intervention and a parallel posttest following several weeks of training using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to assess quantitative data.
Erman Hamid, Fairul Azni Jafar, Muhammad Harith Hakim Rosman, Muhammad Rahmatur Rahman Mohamad Nazir, Nurul Azma Zakaria, Wan Faezah Abbas
Smart stadiums are revolutionizing live sports by creating digitally connected environments that turn spectators into active participants. However, when thousands of fans simultaneously use public Wi-Fi for streaming and sharing, network congestion often occurs. This overload degrades connectivity and disrupts live broadcasts for remote viewers, causing buffering, poor quality, and interruptions. Limited bandwidth and diverse user demands further challenge Wi-Fi performance, leading to inconsistent experiences. This study proposes a Wi-Fi 6-based Quality of Service (QoS) management framework to ensure uninterrupted, high-quality video streaming during live events. Developed using Python and NS-3 simulation tools, the framework employs the Priority Queuing algorithm to optimize traffic flow. Agile methodology guided iterative development for scalability and adaptability. Performance was evaluated under simulated high-density conditions using key QoS metrics: throughput, packet loss ratio, traffic volume, and bandwidth usage. Results show that Priority Queuing significantly reduces congestion, improves responsiveness, and supports real-time traffic optimization. the study highlights how reliable Wi-Fi 6 connectivity can enhance inclusivity, improve operational efficiency, and foster more immersive and equitable social experiences. Future work will explore advanced prioritization techniques, integration with emerging technologies, and personalization based on user feedback, which bridges technical precision with meaningful social impact in the Wi-Fi 6 era.
Dickson Gitonga Njiru
Public participation is a foundational principle of democratic governance and a constitutional requirement in Kenya, intended to enhance accountability, legitimacy, and responsiveness in legislation and policy formulation. Traditionally, public participation has relied heavily on physical forums such as town hall meetings and written memoranda, approaches that are often slow, geographically restrictive, costly, and exclusionary. In recent years, digitization and e-governance platforms have been introduced as potential solutions to these limitations, promising improved access, transparency, efficiency, and citizen engagement. However, empirical evidence suggests that the adoption of digital tools has not automatically translated into meaningful participation, with concerns emerging around participatory tokenism, digital exclusion, and weak integration of citizen input into final policy outcomes.
Nur Ehsan Mohd Said, Santhny Chandrasegaran
Today, most primary ESL students are experiencing difficulties trying to learn the vocabulary because of the traditional rote learning practice, which in most cases leads to low motivation and poor retention. The paper dwells on the ways to use digital escape rooms (developed with Genially) in order to enhance vocabulary acquisition among primary ESL students. Qualitative design was embraced where quantitative observations in two target classrooms were conducted; purposive sampling was employed, where ten participants were chosen in two Malaysian primary schools. Students of both lower and upper primary ESL classes were introduced to vocabulary-based digital escape rooms that were expected to encourage active learning with gamified activities and collaborative problem-solving. The findings were that both groups demonstrated great involvement of students and motivation. It was shown that the majority of the participants showed the improvement of focus, active participation, and application of newly learned vocabulary in effective situations. Remarkably, the learners experienced the interactive and immersive property of the escape rooms and indicated that it positively contributed to improving their vocabulary and confidence. The results indicate that Google-based digital escape rooms built in a Genially framework will help higher learning engagement, autonomy as well as language acquisition among pupils in primary schools.
Hardius Usman, Ita Sitasari Tuhari, Mohammadtahir Cheumar
This article aims to review and analyse the implementation of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in Islamic banking institutions, drawing on the existing academic literature. Islamic banks operate under unique principles derived from Sharia law, which require risk management practices not only to ensure financial stability but also to comply with ethical and religious standards. Through a comprehensive literature review, this study explores the concept, framework, and application of ERM in Islamic banks, highlighting key risk types, including credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, and Sharia compliance risk. The findings indicate that effective ERM plays a crucial role in enhancing governance quality, improving decision-making processes, and strengthening the resilience of Islamic financial institutions. However, the literature also reveals several challenges, including limited integration of Sharia governance within conventional ERM frameworks and a lack of standardised implementation across institutions. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of ERM practices in Islamic banking. It provides insights for future research and policy development to strengthen risk management frameworks in the Islamic finance industry.
Christian Nana Andoh
Despite the adage that history repeats itself, humanity has often failed to learn from its past, particularly in resource exploitation. Mining, as a case study, reveals persistent patterns of economic ambition overshadowing sustainability and social equity. Mining has historically been a cornerstone of economic development across civilizations, from Ancient Rome to modern-day Ghana. In Ancient Rome, mining drove wealth and expansion, employing innovative techniques such as hydraulic mining but at great human and environmental cost. Similarly, mining is a critical industry in contemporary Ghana, contributing significantly to its GDP through the extraction of gold, bauxite, and other minerals. However, challenges such as environmental degradation, social displacement, and inequitable wealth distribution persist. Using the comparativist’s approach, this research draws the similarities and dissimilarities between Roman mining practices and Ghana’s modern mining industry. The study focuses on the period from the 1st to 3rd century A.D. for Roman mining and from 2000 to 2025 for contemporary Ghanaian mining. Thus, mining in ancient Rome originated in the early Republic (5th–4th century B.C) but evolved into a significant industry during the expansion of Roman influence, especially from the late Republic (2nd–1st century B.C) and reached its zenith during the Imperial period (1st–3rd century A.D). Similarly, mining in Ghana dates back over a thousand years, with evidence of gold extraction and trade as early as the 5th century CE. However, large-scale and organized mining began in the 15th century, when European traders, particularly the Portuguese, arrived and established trade routes along the Gold Coast. It is noteworthy that from 2000 to date, mining in Ghana has had severe environmental consequences, particularly due to large-scale industrial mining and illegal small-scale mining (galamsey). The findings highlight recurring patterns of exploitation, inefficiency, and unsustainable practices, emphasizing humanity’s collective failure to learn from history. This study calls for urgent introspection, advocating for sustainable and equitable resource management to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past on a larger scale.
Denver Kate F. Dagoc, Dr. Alex S. Olpenda, Jeah A. Arriesgado, Ralph Keem V. Atipon, Rexell L. Daguman
Effective monitoring of natural forest ecosystems requires efficient and scalable approaches to address the limitations of conventional field-based measurements, which are often labor-intensive, costly, and spatially constrained. This study explores the application of Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery for assessing forest structural parameters in the natural forest of Central Mindanao University (CMU), Bukidnon, Philippines. Field data on crown length, tree frequency, and basal area were collected from fifteen sample plots and compared with remote sensing–derived vegetation indices, including the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Moisture Vegetation Index (MVI), and Sentinel-2 Band 2 reflectance. Statistical analyses revealed a strong correlation between crown length and the combined indices of NBR, MVI, and Band 2 reflectance, with an adjusted R² of 0.885, highlighting their capability to capture canopy moisture status, disturbance intensity, and understory conditions. In contrast, tree frequency showed a moderate relationship with maximum NBR values (adjusted R² = 0.339), suggesting that individual indices have limited explanatory power for certain structural attributes. Spatial analysis further demonstrated that undisturbed forest core areas exhibit longer crown lengths, while fragmented and peripheral zones are characterized by shorter crowns, reflecting the impacts of human activities and subsequent forest regeneration. Overall, the results indicate that Sentinel-2 imagery provides a cost-effective and scalable framework for forest condition assessment, supporting adaptive forest management, conservation of mature forest patches, and informed planning for reforestation and assisted natural regeneration in disturbed areas.
Alia Nabella Fateha Zolkifli, Sharina Saad
Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT are rapidly entering students’ academic writing practices, yet institutions continue to face uncertainty about academic integrity, disclosure expectations, and fairness in assessment. This study reports a focused analysis of tertiary students’ ethical awareness regarding AI-assisted academic writing. A cross-sectional online survey was administered to 41 tertiary students with prior experience using AI tools. Three closed-ended indicators captured (i) concern about academic integrity, (ii) support for institutional AI-use guidelines, and (iii) acceptability of AI-supported grading. An open-ended prompt elicited perceived ethical risks and recommendations for responsible use. Descriptive statistics and inductive thematic analysis were applied. Results show very high integrity concern (92.7% somewhat/very concerned) and strong endorsement for institutional guidelines (75.6% agree/strongly agree). For AI-supported grading, most respondents preferred a hybrid approach combining AI and human evaluation (56.1%), while 19.5% believed AI could assess fairly. Qualitative responses triangulated these patterns, emphasising plagiarism/originality risks, overreliance, and distrust of fully automated evaluation. The findings support the need for explicit university policies and ethics-oriented AI literacy that strengthens students’ judgement and responsible decision-making in AI-assisted writing.
Charles Nzube Ofodile, Ifeoma Ethel Ezeabasili
This study assessed the effectiveness of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Common External Tariff (CET) in promoting and protecting local industries in West Africa between 2015 and 2024. Introduced under the ECOWAS Trade Liberalization Scheme (ETLS), the CET aimed to harmonize external tariff structures, foster regional integration, and shield domestic producers from external competition. Guided by the Customs Union Theory of Viner (1950) and subsequent scholars, the research examined both the trade creation and trade diversion effects of the CET. A qualitative research design was employed, drawing on secondary data from ECOWAS policy reports, WTO reviews, UNCTAD publications, World Bank statistics, academic journals, and national customs data. Findings indicate that the CET achieved modest tariff harmonization and provided limited protection particularly in agriculture, textiles, cement, and agro-processing, yet its impact varied widely across member states. Implementation was strongest in Nigeria and Ghana, where partial industrial growth was recorded, while weaker economies struggled due to porous borders, smuggling, infrastructural deficits, and inconsistent policy enforcement. Although the CET offered a theoretical platform for industrial promotion, structural weaknesses, poor institutional capacity, and lack of complementary industrial policies curtailed its effectiveness. The study concluded that the CET’s protective and promotional effects remained moderate, dependent on national institutional quality and enforcement capacity. The study thus recommended: strengthening customs modernization, harmonizing national and regional industrial policies, enhancing compliance mechanisms, and instituting regular tariff reviews. These measures will boost CET’s role as a driver of sustainable industrialization and regional economic integration.
Domie Godswill
Access to healthcare is a significant challenge for low-resource settings in developing countries, where services are often scarce, inaccessible, or unaffordable. This research explores the impact of local and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the Savannah Region in the areas of Access to Healthcare, Quality of Care, Health Outcomes, Challenges and Limitations, Partnership and Collaboration, and Innovation and Technology, focusing on areas such as Effectiveness and Efficiency, Collaboration and Coordination, Sustainability and Capacity Building, Equity and Access, Accountability and Governance, and Information and Technology.
A. Zulkefle, A.A. Zulkefle, A.S. Halimi, M. Zainon, N. Saleh
Photovoltaic (PV) electric power generation is a promising technology for harvesting energy from the sun. However, it is difficult to obtain consistent and efficient energy from solar panels, which results in fluctuations in the battery’s state of charge (SOC). This condition may cause overcharging or undercharging, both of which can reduce the battery’s lifespan. Additionally, variations in solar irradiance, particularly changes in sunlight intensity, affect the efficiency of the solar panel and, consequently, the battery SOC. A major issue with solar panels arises when their temperature increases, as higher temperatures reduce their efficiency. This reduction in solar photovoltaic efficiency occurs under increasing and unstable environmental temperatures. To ensure the sustainability and improved performance of solar photovoltaic systems, this project proposes the development of an active water-cooling system using Arduino. This system is intended to help users enhance the efficiency of solar panels. This paper analyzes the effect of an active water-cooling system on the efficiency of a solar panel. The outcomes of this research align with SDG 7, SDG 9, SDG 12, and SDG 13 by enhancing photovoltaic efficiency through an active water-cooling method, thereby supporting clean energy, technological innovation, resource-efficient production, and climate action.
Faiza Omar, Nur Anis Munirah Elias
The purpose of this study is to investigate the perspectives of young safety practitioners and health officers (SHOs) regarding the progression of their professional careers. Career development theory and learning perspectives serve as the foundation for the conceptual framework. Through the self-determination theory, employees are able to self-acknowledge the career path they have selected and the tasks they have to do for their development. The framework places a significant emphasis on individual antecedents, such as career knowledge and career decision-making, as the ability to make decisions regarding one's career. Career maturity and continuous professional development (CPD) programs act as a mediating and mediator between these two characteristics at the same time. According to the concept, the perception of one's own professional advancement is the result of professional development. Occupational safety and health practice is progressively being influenced by regulatory changes, technological breakthroughs, and complex workplace dangers. It is essential for members of the occupational safety and health (OSH) community to be able to maintain their relevance in the workplace because OSH is a profession that is quickly undergoing change. For the purpose of aiding the translation of job preparation into perceptions of career advancement, continuous professional development (CPD) programs are introduced as an important component of development. The purpose of this study is to make a substantial contribution to the field of occupational safety and health literature by highlighting the vocational duties and career development obstacles that young occupational safety and health practitioners in Malaysia confront. Organisations, professional organisations, and policymakers who are looking to develop career pathways, CPD frameworks, and long-term competence sustainability in the occupational safety and health workforce can benefit from the study's theoretical and practical insights into these topics.
Ezihaslinda Ngah
This study examines how ESL learners engage in group oral discussions, with particular attention to their ability to pick up, build on, and extend their peers’ ideas during collaborative speaking tasks. Drawing on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), especially descriptors at the B2–C1 levels, communicative competence is conceptualised not merely as individual fluency but as the ability to sustain interaction through elaboration, responsiveness, and discourse management. The study was conducted in a Malaysian tertiary institution and involved thirty ESL learners across five groups participating in assessed group oral discussions. The interactions were audio-visually recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically to explore how learners responded to peer input and co-constructed meaning through talk. Findings indicate that higher-proficiency learners (upper B2–C1) demonstrated a greater capacity to develop the discussion based on their peers’ contributions. These learners employed interactional strategies such as clarification, elaboration, reformulation, and topical linkage, which align closely with CEFR indicators of sustained interaction. In contrast, B1-level learners tended to initiate topics or provide shorter, self-contained responses and often relied on peer support to maintain the flow of interaction. The study highlights the pedagogical value of incorporating CEFR-aligned interactional objectives into group oral assessments and underscores the importance of training learners to extend turns and respond meaningfully to others as part of real-world communicative competence.
Agnes Seng Sam, Aung Aung Naing, Aye Myat Mon, Aye Thanda Maung, Ei Lawm Nap, Hkawn Ja, Khaing Kyi Kyi Khaing, Khin Thuzar Aung, May Myat Mon, Mie Mie Han, Phyoe Thet Htet Oo, Ravindra Ranasinha PhD, Thin Hnin Aye, Win Lae Yee Win, Yee Yee Mon, Ze Naw
This paper explores the Burmese Nat Pwe—a ritual festival of spirit embodiment and communal catharsis—as a culturally grounded framework for understanding healing within dramatherapy. Drawing on autoethnographic data from fifteen Burmese drama therapy trainees at the Academy of Care (Goethe-Institut, Myanmar), the study examines how ritual performance enacts therapeutic processes of embodiment, projection, role transformation, and collective witnessing. Through thematic analysis informed by dramatherapy theory and cultural sensitivity frameworks, Nat Pwe is reframed as an indigenous theatrical healing ceremony—a living, relational system of psychotherapy that integrates spiritual, emotional, and social repair. The findings reveal that trance, rhythm, and collective participation operate as embodied technologies of regulation and release, aligning with trauma-informed and decolonial principles of healing. Integrating recent evidence from trauma-informed dramatherapy training in Myanmar, the paper argues that culturally responsive dramatherapy must move beyond adaptation toward dialogical reciprocity with local ritual traditions. Nat Pwe demonstrates that healing arises through aesthetic, spiritual, and communal resonance, challenging Western individualist models of therapy. This study contributes to global dramatherapy by articulating a framework of cultural humility, intercultural empathy, and embodied spirituality, positioning Nat Pwe as both mirror and mentor for decolonizing therapeutic practice.
Dexter M. Clamohoy, Edna B. Nabua, Mitch Reynyl R. Lao-Lao, Shane A. Luzica
The Periodic Table of Elements represents a cornerstone of chemistry education, yet secondary learners frequently demonstrate persistent misconceptions and knowledge gaps in its fundamental concepts. This study sought to develop and validate a research-based diagnostic assessment tool to evaluate Grade 10 learners’ content knowledge across selected Periodic Table competencies. Employing a descriptive research design, the instrument underwent rigorous expert validation, pilot testing, readability analysis, item analysis, and standardization to ensure its reliability and suitability for classroom application. The finalized diagnostic test was administered to Grade 10 learners from selected public high schools. Findings indicated that learners’ overall content knowledge ranged from low to moderate, with none of the assessed competencies achieving full mastery. Among the competencies, determining the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons emerged as the least mastered, followed by explaining the organization of elements and periodic trends. In contrast, tracing the historical development of the Periodic Table was the most successfully demonstrated competency, suggesting that learners perform comparatively better on descriptive, recall-based tasks than on conceptual and application-oriented challenges. These results underscore enduring conceptual difficulties in atomic structure and periodic reasoning, emphasizing the need for instructional strategies that promote deep conceptual understanding and analytical thinking. The validated diagnostic assessment tool provides educators with a robust and systematic means to identify learning gaps, address misconceptions, and inform targeted instructional planning in secondary chemistry education.
Divithaa Muralei, Nur Ehsan Mohd Said
Motivation plays a crucial role in English as a Second Language (ESL) learning, particularly in international school contexts where learners are exposed to diverse linguistic, cultural, and academic demands. This qualitative study examines ESL learners’ motivation in an international school setting through the framework of Self-Determination Theory, focusing on how the psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness influence their motivation, and how classroom practices and the school environment facilitate or constrain their engagement. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven lower secondary students in an international school. The data were analysed thematically using a systematic coding process supported by qualitative analysis software. The analysis focused on identifying patterns related to students’ motivational orientations, psychological needs, and classroom experiences. The findings indicate that students’ motivation was predominantly intrinsic, driven by enjoyment, communication, and personal growth. Extrinsic factors, such as academic achievement and future goals, were also present. Among the three psychological needs, competence emerged as the most influential, as teacher feedback, progress recognition, and clear guidance strengthened students’ confidence and participation. Autonomy-supported motivation when learning choices were structured, whereas excessive or unclear freedom led to confusion and reduced engagement. Relatedness showed mixed effects, with supportive peer and teacher relationships encouraging participation, while negative peer dynamics lowered motivation. Classroom practices and the school environment played a significant role in shaping motivation. Interactive, creative, and visually supported activities promoted engagement, whereas repetitive tasks, limited instructional support, disruptive peers, and academic pressure hindered motivation. Overall, the findings suggest that ESL learners’ motivation is dynamic, highlighting the importance of supportive classroom practices and learning environments in sustaining motivation in international school ESL contexts.
Kirooshini R Navarathnaraja, Nur Syafiqah Yaccob
Willingness to communicate (WTC) refers to an individual’s intention to speak or remain silent when given a choice (MacIntyre, 2007, 2020). This qualitative study investigates international school teachers’ perceptions of the factors influencing foreign Chinese students’ willingness to communicate in English, explores teachers’ views of these students’ WTC, and examines pedagogical practices used to encourage English communication. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six teachers from Malaysian international schools. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal three main themes influencing students’ WTC in English: (1) affective factors, particularly anxiety and low self- confidence; (2) cultural influences related to communication norms and classroom behaviour; and (3) instructional practices, including teachers’ methods and interactional strategies. Although foreign Chinese students were perceived as generally reluctant to communicate in English voluntarily, teachers reported employing practical classroom strategies to enhance students’ WTC. Due to the small sample size, the findings are not intended to be generalisable, and further research involving a larger and more diverse group of teachers is recommended.
Azmi Bin Mohamed, Kamariah Hussein, Mohd Azroy Ag Rajak, Mohd Tajuzzaman Hassanor, Siti Maisarah Amdan, Siti Nurhafizah Saleeza Ramlee
Malaysia’s rapid expansion of railway infrastructure has intensified the need to understand the behavioural factors that influence safety performance among railway construction workers. Despite the sector’s high-risk environment characterised by electrical hazards, elevated structures, complex coordination, and multi-contractor operations empirical research focusing on behavioural predictors in Malaysian railway construction remains limited. This study explores the extent to which management commitment, safety training, and safety motivation influence workers’ safety behaviour. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 30 workers involved in trackwork, overhead line, structural, and system integration activities. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The findings show that safety training (β = .591, p < .001) and safety motivation (β = .358, p = .011) significantly predict safety behaviour, highlighting the critical role of competency development and intrinsic motivation in promoting safe work practices. However, management commitment was not a significant predictor (p = .931), suggesting that organisational intentions may not always translate into frontline behavioural outcomes in subcontractor-driven project environments. These results underscore the need for targeted training strategies and motivation-enhancing approaches to strengthen behaviour-based safety in Malaysia’s railway construction sector. The study offers preliminary insights that can inform larger-scale investigations and support ongoing efforts to cultivate a stronger safety culture in railway infrastructure development.
Keong Chee Sheng, Melissa Lee Phooi Kuan, Ooi Mee Leing, Yogerisham Panir Silvam
Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) is a powerful approach to fostering creativity, problem-solving, and innovation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education. However, its implementation in secondary STEM education remains underexplored. This study aims to systematically review empirical studies on the teaching and learning of TRIZ in secondary STEM education. The review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Articles were sourced from Science Direct, Scopus, Springer, and ProQuest. The analysis identifies research trends, TRIZ tools and methods, pedagogical approaches, instructional strategies and measurable learning outcomes. TRIZ is more popular in Asia and Europe. The empirical studies are either mixed-method or quantitative. TRIZ is integrated into secondary STEM education through either enrichment or infusion approaches. Training varied from weeks to a year. Three TRIZ instructions methods and five TRIZ tools were identified, with contradiction analysis being the most popular tool. Project based learning and hands-on problem-solving are the most mentioned pedagogical methods and instructional strategies, respectively. TRIZ improved students’ knowledge, technical skills and attitude.
Aiman Hakim Zaidan, Wan Mohd Sabki Wan Omar
Malaysia's construction industry is recognized as a major emitter of carbon, with a slow rate in adopting effective mitigation strategies. This study explores the main hindrances facing G7 contractors in the states of Kedah and Perlis, focusing on four key areas: resource and prioritization, policy and standards, risk and commitment, and awareness and complexity. Adopting a quantitative research approach and applying SPSS Version 25 software for analysis, the findings reveal financial constraints, the ineffectiveness of policy enforcement, and inadequate technical know-how as major stumbling blocks. Therefore, this study suggested that the measures include strengthening policy enforcement effectiveness, initiating capacity-building initiatives, and creating incentive-based programs to enhance low-carbon construction strategies. These findings are critical for promoting national sustainability goals and realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Mariem Sboui
Objective: This study examines the fundamental determinants influencing the intention to adopt AI chatbots in the telecommunication services context in an emerging market. Specifically, it investigates the influence of perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), initial trust, and technology anxiety on chatbot usage intention
Aniyath Jameel, Mohamed Solih, Zubair Hassan
This study investigates the influence of Work-Life Balance (WLB) on employee productivity among judiciary staff in the Malé region. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 246 participants through structured questionnaires. Descriptive analysis and multiple regression were employed to examine the relationship between WLB and productivity. The findings indicate a statistically significant and positive relationship (p < 0.001), with WLB explaining 5.9% of the variance in employee productivity. All assumptions for regression analysis were satisfied. The study concludes that improving work-life balance can enhance employee productivity in the judiciary context.
Archie A. Perpetua, Gem Kenneth M. Opana, Gwyneth B. Quinones, Jane Mae J. Marasigan, Jhon Vincent S. Severo, Missy A. Realizan
This research investigates the perceptions of pre-service teachers at Central Bicol State University of Agriculture – Sipocot Campus regarding the integration of Interactive PowerPoint Presentations (IPPs) as modern instructional materials. Utilizing a quantitative, descriptive-evaluative research design, the study gathered data from 60 participants through purposive sampling to assess how these digital tools impact student motivation and classroom engagement. The findings reveal a highly positive perception among pre-service teachers, who strongly agree that IPPs are essential for fostering active student participation (mean = 3.78) and enhancing their own instructional creativity (mean = 3.75). Despite these pedagogical benefits, the study identifies a significant gap between technological awareness and actual implementation due to various barriers. The most critical challenges identified include a pressing need for specialized tutorials and training (mean = 3.27), frequent technical interruptions during lessons (mean = 3.23), and the unavailability of functioning classroom equipment (mean = 3.17). To mitigate these obstacles, pre-service teachers predominantly rely on proactive technical strategies, such as testing presentations before class sessions and utilizing offline versions to bypass unreliable internet connectivity (mean = 3.65). The study concludes that while IPPs are recognized as effective tools for 21st-century pedagogy, their full potential remains hindered by limited technological competence and inadequate infrastructure. Consequently, it is recommended that educational institutions prioritize continuous professional development and improve school facilities to ensure that future educators can effectively transition toward more interactive, technology-driven teaching environments.
Andrea B. Agnes, Archie A. Perpetua, Jean Louise A. Merenciano, Joy B. Cabaltea, Lialanie S. Bellere, Ronilo Jr. T. Bruzola, Wynona Jade F. Cabingan
The increasing integration of digital technologies in teacher education has positioned the e-portfolio as a key tool for documenting learning, fostering reflection, and supporting professional identity formation among pre-service teachers (PSTs). Despite its growing adoption, limited local evidence exists on PSTs’ awareness of e-portfolio concepts, purposes, components, and related digital applications, particularly within Field Study courses in Philippine teacher education institutions. This study employed a quantitative descriptive-evaluative research design to determine the extent of awareness of fourth-year PSTs at Central Bicol State University of Agriculture–Sipocot during the first semester of AY 2025–2026. Sixty respondents were selected through random sampling across majors. Data were gathered using a researcher-made, expert-validated questionnaire covering four dimensions: concept, purpose, components, and digital awareness of e-portfolios. Reliability analysis yielded excellent internal consistency (overall Cronbach’s α = 0.957). Data were analyzed using weighted mean, average weighted mean, standard deviation, and ranking techniques. Results revealed a generally high level of awareness among PSTs. Strong awareness was observed in the concept and purpose of e-portfolios, particularly their role in digital literacy, self-assessment, reflection, and employability. Awareness of components and digital applications was rated at an “agree” level, indicating adequate but comparatively lower confidence in structuring content and consistently showcasing skills. Among all dimensions, digital awareness ranked highest, while conceptual understanding ranked lowest. PSTs demonstrate strong readiness to engage with e-portfolios, supported by adequate digital awareness, though foundational conceptual clarity and structural competence require strengthening. Findings suggest the need for targeted institutional support, explicit instruction, and scaffolded integration of e-portfolio development to enhance reflective practice, digital literacy, and professional preparedness in teacher education programs.
E.M.Y. Sachith, R.D.C. Niroshinie, S.A.H. Samarasinghe
Gender differences in assessment of learning outcomes are a notable feature of national assessment in Sri Lanka, with female students consistently outperforming male students. Such differences can be observed not only in the results of learning Sinhala language but also in other subjects. Even though language achievement is a single element in the curriculum, it would form the basis of the overall success of students in their academic performance and would affect many other subjects which depend on reading comprehension, writing skill and language proficiency. Thus, the present research explored the reasons for these differences at the learner level among 485 Grade 8 students selected from an educational division in Sri Lanka. The quantitative cross-sectional method was used in the research to find out the connections of gender, motivation, self-efficacy, home literacy environment, and Sinhala language achievement. The outcome of the study was the discovery of significant differences in gender achievement (Mfemale = 57.73 vs. Mmale = 51.52, p < 0.001, d = 0.48) where the females scored significantly higher on the scales of motivation, self-efficacy, and home literacy environments. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that motivation (β = 0.31, p < 0.001), self-efficacy (β = 0.28, p < 0.001), and the home literacy environment (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) together accounted for 52% of the variance in Sinhala achievement and significant interaction between the genders was noted for both motivation and self-efficacy. The research findings emphasize the complexness of the gender-based differences in the education that is conducted in the mother-tongue and they also provide a solid basis for conducting the required interventions that are aimed at males as they are the ones mostly affected by the non-motivational, affective, and environmental factors that result in their poor language learning outcomes.
Audrey Beaulen, Jan P.H. Hamers, Monique W. van den Hoed, Ramon Daniëls, Ramona Backhaus
Background Increasing innovation readiness of long-term care organizations for older adults is vital to ensure future provision and affordability of care delivery. Purpose This study sought to gain insight into factors that contribute to innovation readiness and addresses the following research question: What factors contribute to the innovation readiness of long-term care organizations for older adults? Methodology/Approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 stakeholders connected to long-term care in the Netherlands: academics, (top) management, innovation managers, and consultants. A thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Four main factors were identified that contribute to the innovation readiness: 1) a clear strategic course for innovation, 2) a tailored innovation journey, 3) inspirational leading for innovation, and 4) hands-on-learning for innovation. Stakeholders highlighted that innovation readiness should not be developed as an ad-hoc initiative but should be embedded into corporate strategies and decision-making processes. All stakeholders mentioned the importance of ‘preparing’ the organization for innovation readiness and professional ‘learning for innovation’. Conclusion This study provides a step toward evidence-based factors, presented in a general framework, that contribute to the innovation readiness of long-term care organizations for older adults. Future research could verify the findings of this study and develop a scan, based on this study’s innovation readiness factors, indicating the maturity of long-term organizations for older adults. Practice Implications To become more innovation ready long-term care organizations are encouraged to embed innovation readiness into their corporate strategies and decision-making processes, to integrate learning into daily activities, and to collaborate with stakeholders.
Ahmed Abdirazak Osman, Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin, Mohd Zarieth Hafiz Mat Hussain, Muhammad Fadhli Abu Kassim, Nur Syuhada Zahari, Shafiza Zakariah
Workplace bullying is increasingly recognized as a serious issue that negatively affects employee well-being and organizational functioning. While millennials make up a growing segment of the Malaysian workforce, there is limited research on the specific factors contributing to bullying among this group. This study aims to explore the factors that contribute to workplace bullying. This study used a qualitative approach, specifically a case study design. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with five Malaysian millennial informants from both the public and private sectors who had personally experienced workplace bullying. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal three key factors that contribute to workplace bullying: social, organizational, and economic. Social factors include fear of retaliation and cultural norms of silence. The organizational factors include favoritism and cliques, power abuse, fear of retaliation in reporting bullying, weak enforcement of anti-bullying policies, and abuse of performance reviews and resource deprivation. Lastly, the economic factors include financial dependence and the inability to exit. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the Malaysian context and underscores the need for better interventions to promote safer work environments.
Amir Syarifuddin Kasim, Kurk Wei Yi, Siti Nur Syazlyana Binti Nor Azmi, Zuriati Ismail
This paper presents Find-It Mall, a web-based Lost and Found Management System designed to digitalize and streamline item recovery processes in large commercial complexes. Traditional logbook-based systems are inefficient, error-prone, and lack transparency, often leading to delayed item recovery and poor customer satisfaction. Find-It Mall addresses these challenges by integrating a centralized digital platform that connects the public and mall staff in managing lost and found items. The system features a public portal for reporting and claiming items, a staff dashboard for managing records, and an automated email notification system to enhance communication between stakeholders. Developed using PHP for server-side scripting, MySQL for database management, and Bootstrap for a responsive user interface, the system follows the Agile development methodology to ensure iterative refinement and usability. Testing results demonstrate that Find-It Mall significantly improves operational efficiency, reduces manual workload, and enhances transparency in lost and found management. The system provides a scalable, secure, and user-friendly solution that modernizes customer service standards within the Malaysian retail sector.
Ephraim Kaang'andu Belemu, Nhlanhla Mkhatshwa
This study investigated sustainable development through poverty eradication in Eswatini, a small landlocked country in Southern Africa, where approximately 60% of the population lives below the poverty line. With the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) deadline approaching and Goal 1 (No Poverty) remaining a critical challenge, this research sought to identify key factors contributing to poverty, examine their impacts on sustainable development, investigate effective reduction strategies, and develop a comprehensive framework for poverty eradication. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach underpinned by Interpretivism, the study collected data through semi-structured interviews with twenty participants comprising eight poverty alleviation programme officers and twelve individuals living in poverty, selected through purposive sampling. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed nine interconnected factors contributing to poverty: unemployment, high birthrate and teenage pregnancy, poor and expensive education, poor economy and high cost of living, poor governance, corruption, climate change, gender inequality, and poor resource utilisation. The study established that these factors interact in complex ways that compound disadvantage, particularly for women, rural communities, and youth. Poverty was found to significantly impede sustainable development across health, education, economic growth, gender equality, peace and security, and food security dimensions. Based on the empirical findings and grounded in the Basic Needs Approach and Modernization Theory, the study developed the Comprehensive Framework for Reducing Poverty and Promoting Sustainable Development (CFRPPSD), structured around four pillars: Economic Empowerment, Human Capital Development, Institutional Development, and Social Protection and Inclusion. The framework provides actionable guidance for coordinated poverty reduction efforts aligned with the SDGs. The study recommends that the Government of Eswatini adopt the framework, prioritising governance reform and anti-corruption measures as foundational interventions.
Dexter M. Clamohoy, Edna B. Nabua, Mitch Reynyl R. Lao-Lao, Shane A. Luzica
This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable assessment instrument and to determine the mastery levels of Grade 11 learners in Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table of Elements, which are foundational domains in senior high school chemistry. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study involved 120 Grade 11 students from Betinan National High School as the primary respondents, while 150 senior high school students from Fatima National High School participated in the pilot testing of the researcher-developed instrument. The finalized 35-item multiple-choice mastery test underwent rigorous expert validation, item analysis, and reliability testing, yielding a high internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach’s α = 0.829). Learners’ performance data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, including frequency counts and percentage distributions, and mastery levels were classified as Not Mastered, Least Mastered, Nearly Mastered, or Mastered. The results revealed that learners demonstrated an overall Least Mastered level of understanding, with a mean mastery score of 47%. Both Atomic Structure (49%) and the Periodic Table of Elements (45%) were classified within the same mastery category, with the majority of assessment items exhibiting high error rates. These findings indicate persistent conceptual difficulties in key areas such as subatomic particles, atomic number and mass number, electron configuration, and periodic trends. Collectively, the results highlight substantial gaps in learners’ conceptual understanding and underscore the necessity for instructional strategies that emphasize diagnostic assessment, multiple representations, and conceptually driven instruction to address misconceptions and strengthen foundational chemistry knowledge.
Dexter M. Clamohoy, Edna B. Nabua, Mitch Reynyl R. Lao-Lao, Shane A. Luzica
This study investigated the conceptual understanding of stoichiometry and chemical reactions among Grade 12 senior high school learners and developed a standardized diagnostic questionnaire to identify least mastered competencies. Employing a descriptive research design with an instrument development and survey approach, the study involved seventy four (74) Grade 12 learners from a public senior high school for the main assessment, while pilot testing was conducted with one hundred fifty (150) learners from two other schools to establish the instrument’s reliability and validity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and item analysis to determine mastery levels across selected chemistry competencies aligned with the K–12 Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs). Results indicated generally low mastery, with a Mean Percentage Score (MPS) of 54.86, classified as not mastered. Learners exhibited the greatest difficulty with quantitatively oriented competencies, including determining molar mass and calculating mass, moles, and number of particles. Other least mastered competencies included identifying types of chemical reactions, writing balanced chemical equations using the Law of Conservation of Mass, and explaining the mole concept. Conversely, learners demonstrated relatively better performance in recognizing chemical reactions in environmental and biological contexts, suggesting stronger familiarity with observable phenomena than with abstract or mathematical concepts. The findings reveal fragmented conceptual understanding and limited integration of quantitative reasoning in senior high school chemistry learning. The validated diagnostic questionnaire provides a practical tool for identifying learners’ conceptual gaps and informing targeted instructional interventions. These results underscore the need for teaching strategies that enhance conceptual clarity, quantitative problem-solving, and real-world application of stoichiometry and chemical reactions.
Motasim Billah
Adolescent and reproductive health (ARH) education remains essential for equipping young people with accurate knowledge and life skills, yet in Bangladesh it continues to be constrained by cultural taboos, limited teacher preparedness, and curricular gaps, particularly in rural schools. The study followed the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to examine teacher readiness, student comfort, and classroom strategies for addressing sensitive ARH topics. Data were collected through 18 in-depth interviews with the school teachers and nine focus group discussions with 54 students across three rural districts in Bangladesh. Thematic analysis was conducted, with coding guided by constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). The study found that teachers with structured training demonstrated higher self-efficacy, employed interactive methods, and encouraged greater student participation, while teachers without training often fell back on simply reading from the textbook, without providing additional context or explanation. Additionally, gender norms strongly shaped engagement, as female students preferred private discussions with female teachers in school, whereas male students were more vocal in class, sometimes reinforcing peer discomfort. Trust in teachers was a critical facilitator of dialogue, whereas stigma, incomplete curricular coverage, and inconsistent institutional support emerged as persistent barriers. The study highlights the need for scaling teacher training, strengthening curriculum design, and fostering community acceptance to create inclusive and stigma-free ARH learning environments in Bangladesh.
Az Athirah binti Zubairi, Dyna Khairina binti Sulaiman Maz’ee
This study investigates the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) on work engagement (WE) among academic staff in private higher education institutions (HEIs) in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Rising job demands and mental health concerns among lecturers underscore the need to explore psychological factors that support occupational well-being. A quantitative approach was employed, involving 185 academic staff selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), then analyzed using SPSS. Results indicated that most respondents exhibited high levels of both EI and WE. Furthermore, all four EI dimensions-emotional appraisal (SEA), others’ emotional appraisal (OEA), use of emotions (UOE), and regulation of emotions (ROE) significantly predicted work engagement, with UOE emerging as the strongest predictor. These findings highlight the role of emotional intelligence in sustaining engagement among academic professionals, suggesting the need for institutional initiatives that foster emotional competencies. Future research should consider mixed method designs and larger, stratified samples to deepen understanding in this area.
Azli Fairuz, Siti Nor Fazillah Abdullah
Environmental governance in Muslim majority societies continues to face challenges in translating Islamic legal principles into effective regulatory mechanisms that resonate with both international standards and local legal consciousness. While Islamic environmental discourse has largely been framed through ethical concepts such as stewardship and trust, these narratives remain predominantly normative and insufficient for addressing contemporary demands of environmental regulation and enforcement. This study responds to this gap by reframing Qawaid Fiqhiyyah Kubra from abstract legal maxims into a juridical foundation for environmental regulation.
Jeziel A. Estapia, Mary Cecille A. Labrigas, Melissa L. Loquere, Richard S. Mula
Foundational skills in literacy and numeracy are the essential cornerstone of every learner’s educational journey. However, recent reports, such as the Second Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM II), highlighted that learners failed and struggled to engage with concepts at their level, which raised serious concerns about the state of foundational learning in the Philippines. As a response to these problems, the Gabay-Turo project, a local and school-based project aimed at enhancing learners’ literacy and numeracy, was implemented in the district of Clarin, Bohol, Philippines. With this, the study aimed to determine the process and progress of the Gabay-Turo Project. Specifically, it sought to assess its progress, determine the pressing issues, problems, and challenges, and provide intervention schemes and programs based on the identified problems. Employing a phenomenological methodology, a qualitative design was used in this study. Participants included 8 teachers and 59 students of Bonbon Elementary School who had direct experience with the program. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and observations, complemented by focus group discussions with the teachers and students. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the qualitative data. To enhance the trustworthiness of the findings, strategies such as triangulation were implemented. Results revealed that there is a substantial improvement in the learners’ literacy and numeracy skills, with good practices such as conducting pre- and post-assessments, regular monitoring and evaluation sessions, as well as a year-end culmination to keep track of the ongoing project. Thus, the project remained adaptable. However, beneficiaries faced problems related to a lack of continuity in tutorial classes, an inadequate tutor-tutee ratio, discrepancies between school calendars, and insufficient instructional materials for effective tutoring. To address these issues, the project implementers may enforce continuous tutorial sessions across all grades, establish a 1:1 tutor-tutee ratio, coordinate school calendars, and ensure the provision of instructional materials. Addressing the recommendations could enhance the overall impact of the Gabay-Turo Project on student learning outcomes.
Bianca Latonio, Edna Nabua, Eduardo Navalta, Hanna Lyn Taglorin, Isnihara Limbona, Mudjahid Abdurahman, Rey Paolo Micutuan, Threcia Poblete
This study investigated Grade 11 students’ mastery of gas laws and their motivation toward learning chemistry. Guided by existing literature on students’ conceptual difficulties in physical science, the research sought to classify learners’ competency levels as least mastered, not mastered, nearly mastered, or mastered based on achievement test performance. A descriptive-survey design was employed using a researcher-developed test questionnaire. The instrument underwent pilot testing with 100 students from Iligan City National High School – Tambacan Annex in Northern Mindanao, Philippines, and was validated through item difficulty and discrimination analyses. The finalized assessment was administered to an additional sample of 50 Grade 11 students. Results indicated generally low mastery of gas laws, with one competency rated as not mastered and the remaining competencies categorized as least mastered. Students exhibited substantial difficulty with the kinetic molecular theory, Boyle’s Law, Charles’s Law, the combined gas law, and the ideal gas law. Results also showed a very weak, negative, and non-significant correlation between the two variables, rs= −.06, p = .659, N = 50 which indicates that learners’ level of motivation was not significantly associated with their conceptual understanding of gas-law concepts. Findings highlight persistent gaps in conceptual understanding and emphasize the need for enhanced instructional approaches, targeted interventions, and the development of supportive learning materials to improve students’ mastery of gas law concepts.
Anoud Mohamed H B Almarri, Hasanah binti Abd Khafidz, Nur Nazira binti Rahim
Innovations in zakat governance have become increasingly significant in enhancing the performance, transparency and societal impact of zakat institutions in Malaysia. In recent years, leadership reforms, managerial restructuring and the adoption of digital technologies have reshaped zakat collection and distribution practices. However, empirical findings on these innovations remain fragmented across multiple disciplines and institutional contexts. This study aims to systematically synthesize existing literature on how innovations in leadership, management, collection and distribution influence the effectiveness of zakat institutions in Malaysia.
Cathniel L. Verallo, Cheira M. Tarayao, Christine Joy C. Llaneras, Edna B. Nabua, Eve Joyce E. Ablin
The study aimed to assess senior high school learners’ conceptual understanding in balancing chemical equations by determining their scores on a needs assessment and identifying the least mastered competencies. Data were collected from 50 purposively selected students from Iligan City East National High School using a 30-item validated multiple-choice questionnaire aligned with the Department of Education’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs). Quantitative methods, including mean, frequency, and standard deviation, were used for analysis. Findings revealed that 10% of learners scored within the “Did Not Meet Expectation” range, 70% in the “Fairly Satisfactory” range, and 20% in the “Satisfactory” range, with no learners achieving higher performance levels, indicating that no learner met the minimum required benchmarks for passing. Analysis of topic-specific performance showed that “Applying Law of Conservation of Mass in Chemical Equations” was the least mastered competency, with a mean percentage score (MPS) of 58.10%, which falls under the “Low Mastery” level. These findings confirm significant gaps in foundational chemistry knowledge and emphasize the need for strategic instructional support and targeted intervention to enhance learner understanding in these critical areas of chemistry.
Dian Wardani, IGGA Noviekayati, Suhadianto
Young workers, such as Generation Z and early millennials, experience increased susceptibility to burnout symptoms compared to older age groups, so they need more in-depth attention. Based on this, this article conducts a systematic review of the literature that includes empirical studies (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method) published in the period 2023 to 2025. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to identify and synthesize empirical findings related to the factors that cause burnout in young workers. The guideline used in this study is PRISMA 2020. This review has screened articles from the google scholar database via publish & perish as many as 65 articles and found 11 selected articles that meet the inclusion criteria and eliminated according to the exclusion criteria. The article elimination flow has been briefly illustrated using the PRISMA flowchart diagram. The findings of this article review conclude that burnout in young workers is a multidimensional phenomenon that is mainly triggered by work factors, such as excessive workload, poor work-life balance, and role ambiguity. Individual factors including low self-efficacy and dual role pressures as well as organizational factors such as an exploitative work culture and lack of support also reinforce vulnerability to burnout. In addition, social pressure and digital media have also worsened the psychological condition of young workers.
Madushani, R.H.S, Rebecca, E.
Employee retention has become a strategic priority in Sri Lanka’s apparel industry due to increasing competition, evolving workforce expectations, and the rising global demand for skilled executives. Despite extensive investment in employer branding, organizations continue to face challenges in retaining executive-level employees. This study looks at how employer branding affects employee retention while evaluating the moderating effect of career development opportunities (CDO) and the mediating role of perceived organizational support (POS). This study used a quantitative research design, guided by Social Exchange Theory, and gathered information from 169 executive-level employees of a chosen Western Province clothing company. The results showed that employee retention is significantly improved by employer branding. While CDO considerably increases the impact of employer branding on retention, POS only partially mediates this relationship. The study highlights how crucial it is to combine effective employer branding campaigns with encouraging HR procedures and planned developmental pathways. Future research directions and suggestions for organizational practice are discussed.
Aminath Jameel, Mohamed Solih, Zubair Hassan
This study explores the impact of remote work on employee efficiency within the telecommunication sector in greater Male’ area, Maldives. Using an exploratory survey design, data was collected from 103 employees through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The research investigates the extent of remote work practices and their influence on employee productivity, satisfaction, and access to resources. Findings indicate that remote work is widely practiced and generally well-received by employees, with a majority expressing satisfaction with work flexibility, clarity of goals, and access to digital tools. Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant and moderately strong positive relationship between remote work and employee efficiency (R = 0.485, p < .001), with remote work explaining 23.5% of the variance in employee performance. The study also highlights certain limitations, including the geographic focus on greater Male’ area and a limited sample size, and identifies a clear gap in sector-specific literature within the Maldivian context. This research contributes original insights to the ongoing global discussion on remote work by offering a localized perspective. It emphasizes the need for improved infrastructure, clearer remote policies, and continued support for employee well-being. The findings are valuable for HR professionals, policymakers, and organizational leaders aiming to develop sustainable and inclusive remote work strategies in the Maldives.
Ranasinghe H.A.K.R., Rebecca, E.
Technostress has become a critical challenge for employees working in demanding environments, especially in the IT sector in Sri Lanka.. This study explores how technostress influences work-family balance among IT professionals in Colombo, focusing on the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating effect of perceived organizational support (POS). Utilizing a cross-sectional quantitative research design, data was gathered from 358 IT employees via a structured questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS and PROCESS macros. Findings revealed a strong negative correlation between technostress and work-family balance, alongside a positive association with emotional exhaustion. However, emotional exhaustion was not a mediating factor in the technostress-work-family balance relationship, suggesting alternative mechanisms at play. Importantly, high levels of POS mitigated the adverse effects of technostress, underscoring the value of supportive organizational structures for promoting better work-life integration among IT professionals. This study enriches the literature on technostress and employee welfare in Sri Lanka and proposes improvements for HR policies in technology-centric workplaces.
Abdul Muqit, Intama Jemy Polii, Siti Maisaroh
This conceptual article explores ways to enhance the academic skills of digital learners to meet modern challenges through a comprehensive narrative review approach. We synthesized existing educational research and digital learning theory from peer-reviewed journals, policy documents, and authoritative sources published between 2004-2020, focusing on frameworks for 21st-century competency development, digital pedagogy innovations, and educational transformation. Critical thinking, digital literacy, adaptive learning, global citizenship, and transdisciplinary problem-solving are key competencies identified in this research. By emphasizing the importance of developing emotional intelligence, metacognition, and ethical reasoning in a digital world, we propose an integrated conceptual framework that bridges traditional academic excellence with 21st-century skills. These findings suggest that educational system changes that prioritize depth of knowledge and skills and enhance resilience and adaptability are necessary to enhance academic competency. While this framework provides a comprehensive theoretical foundation, empirical validation through design-based research in specific educational contexts remains essential to demonstrate practical effectiveness and inform evidence-based implementation strategies.
Adama Sumaila, Beatrice Attah-Mensah, Fati Bodua Seidu, Nora Dodoo Odonkor, Peter Agyekum Boateng
This conceptual paper explores how incarnational leadership, grounded in the Christian doctrine of the Incarnation, can nurture people-centred organizational cultures. The unresolved problem that has been studied is the difficult problem of cultivating genuine relational cohesion and ethical leadership within teams in contemporary workplaces. The study draws on a narrative review of recent scholarship in leadership, organizational behaviour, and practical theology to synthesise humility, empathy, presence, and self-giving service as core leadership virtues. These virtues are proposed as mechanisms through which leaders cultivate compassion, inclusion, psychological safety, and ethical conduct in the workplace. The paper develops an integrative model in which incarnational leadership shapes compassionate and inclusive cultures that, in turn, enhance employee engagement, trust, and collective resilience. In addition, the study highlights gaps in empirical research on spiritually informed leadership in diverse organisational contexts. The gaps in the literature are framed as a new diaconal leadership approach that addresses accomplished spiritual leadership from contemporary business thinking and suggests directions for future inquiry. Key findings indicate that adopting Christlike leadership improves acts of phenomena such as psychological safety, motivation to do good, as well as self-regulation, which subsequently fills the gaps of traditional leadership models. In practical terms, the findings can inform and develop mentorship frameworks, foster open-door policies, and strengthen ethical discourse for the purpose of building resilient, inclusive, high-performing teams. The overall contribution is to reframe organizational leadership as a relational and moral vocation, offering faith-informed yet broadly applicable insights for contemporary workplaces. Practical implications for leadership development and ethical people-management are outlined.
Dr. Edna B. Nabua, Raihana M. Mangilala
This study examined the use of a flipped classroom instructional approach in teaching periodic trends in Grade 9 chemistry, with emphasis on students’ academic achievement and learning motivation. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed involving learners from a resource-limited secondary school. Data were collected using a researcher-developed achievement test and a validated learning motivation questionnaire administered before and after the instructional intervention. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and Spearman’s rank-order correlation. The results showed statistically significant improvements in students’ achievement following the implementation of the flipped classroom approach, as evidenced by higher posttest scores compared to pretest scores. Students’ learning motivation also demonstrated a statistically significant increase after the intervention. However, correlational analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between achievement and motivation in both pre-intervention and post-intervention measures, indicating that changes in these variables were not linearly associated within the duration of the study. These findings suggest that instructional designs emphasizing pre-class engagement with content and structured in-class activities may be associated with improvements in learning outcomes and motivation. Overall, the results highlight the potential of the flipped classroom approach as a learner-centered instructional option for teaching abstract chemistry concepts in resource-limited contexts, while underscoring the need for cautious interpretation due to the study’s design limitations. Future research is recommended to employ longer intervention periods, comparison groups, and additional learner-related variables to further examine the relationships among instructional design, motivation, and academic achievement.
Archimedes Oduro
This study investigated the influence of continuous professional development (CPD) on teacher competency (TC) and assessing how school leadership support (SLS) moderates this relationship among junior high school teachers in the Amansie Central District of Ghana. The research used a convergent mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected through standardized questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with 10,000 bootstrap samples, while non-parametric tests such as the Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon H-test were also applied. Qualitative responses were gathered through open-ended questions and analyzed thematically. Results showed that many teachers in the district had high levels of competency, especially in teaching methods, classroom management, assessment, and subject knowledge. Teachers who participated in CPD activities demonstrated stronger professional practices. The study also revealed that SLS positively moderated the relationship between CPD and TC. When school leaders actively supported CPD efforts by sharing information, giving encouragement, and providing resources, the influence of CPD on competency became stronger. Yet, this moderating effect was also minimal, mainly due to inconsistent support across schools. Furthermore, there were no discernible differences in competency between male and female teachers, indicating that both sexes function equally in the classroom. The main challenges for effective CPD were financial constraints, inadequate availability of resources, poor internet connection, and lack of motivation coupled with lack of relevance of CPD programs. Conclusion Findings suggest that the District Education Directorate and school leadership need to collaborate to overcome financial and logistical barriers, enhance the quality of CPD, and make it equitably accessible to all teachers. These efforts will help to improve the impact of CPD and build stronger teacher capacities. This research adds practical knowledge to the field by showing how teacher development can be improved when CPD efforts are backed by strong and consistent school leadership.
Ahmed Zubair, Zubair Hassan
The purpose of this conceptual analysis is to examine the influence of knowledge sharing behaviour on academic performance, group cohesion and trust by conducting a thorough review of past literature. Several empirical, review, and conceptual papers were reviewed, and it showed that most of the literature indicated that by fostering knowledge sharing behaviour among the students causes to increase academic performance, group cohesion and trust. Also, the past literature suggested that theory of planned behaviour is dominantly applied to determine the knowledge sharing behaviour. A large body of literature indicated that knowledge sharing attitude, social norms, behavioral control and knowledge sharing intention are key determinants of knowledge sharing behaviour. The overall conclusion is that the key attributes of Theory of Planned Behaviour play a key role in determining students’ engagement in knowledge sharing behaviour that leads to high academic performance, group cohesion and trust among the students. The finding of the conceptual analysis has practical and theoretical implications, which are addressed in the last part of the paper.
Dr. Maurice A. Ndolo, Dr. Nuni S. Esokomi, Millicent Atieno Okeyo
Mathematics is a core subject in the primary and secondary School curriculum and is essential in many careers. Mathematics sharpens human mind, develops their logical thinking; enhance their reasoning ability and build spatial power. However, the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education examination (KCSE) mean score for Mathematics in Suba South Sub-County had been below average with 3.034 in 2019, 3.52 in 2020, 4.25 in 2021 and 4.258 in 2022. The objective of the study was to establish the influence of teaching and learning resources on students' performance in mathematics in public secondary schools in Suba South Sub-County. The study was guided by a conceptual framework that showed influence of teaching learning resources and learners’ performance in Mathematics as independent variable and dependent variable respectfully. The study was anchored on the theory of performance by Elger (2007). The findings revealed that mathematics teacher teaching and learning resources influenced students’ performance in mathematics moderately with Mean Rating of 2.64. The study concluded that teaching and learning resources moderately influenced students’ academic performance in mathematics. The study recommended that, the school administration should promote teaching /learning resources and actively involve the community participation in learning activities. The findings of this study will inform policy and practices in the Ministry of Education and in schools.
Enose M.W. Simatwa, Millicent Atieno Okeyo
Mathematics is a core subject in the primary and secondary School curriculum and is essential in the lives of people in society. Mathematics sharpens human mind, develops their logical thinking; enhances their reasoning ability and build spatial power. However, the Kenya Certificate of Secondary School Education (KCSE) examination mean score for Mathematics in Suba South Sub-County had been below average with 3.034 in 2019, 3.52 in 2020, 4.25 in 2021 and 4.258 in 2022. This necessitated the current investigation whose objective was to establish the influence of Working Environment of Mathematics Teachers on Students’ Academic Performance in Mathematics in Kenya. The study was guided by a conceptual framework that consisted of showed the influence of selected factors and learners’ performance in Mathematics and consisted of the independent variable, working environment of mathematics teachers, dependent variable, students’ academic achievement in mathematics as signified by students performance in KCSE mean score. The study was anchored on the theory of performance by Elger (2007). The findings of this study revealed that mathematics teacher working environment influenced students’ academic performance moderately as was indicated by a mean rating of 3.33. This finding concurred with qualitative findings. The study concluded that mathematics teachers’ working environment moderately influenced students’ academic achievement in mathematics. The study recommended that the school administrators should provide a conducive working environment by ensuring that teachers are housed appropriately, interpersonal relationships are promoted and appropriate community participation in learning activities encouraged besides enhancement of student entry behavior, management style of heads of departments and principals leadership styles.
Antonio Angelo da Silva Neto, Cauã Queiroz Fernandes de Sousa, Márcio Jorge Porangaba Costa, Sulamita Jesus Bispos dos Santos
This article aims to analyze infrastructure disparities across the micro-regions of Alagoas, Brazil, using data from the 2022 Census. Based on ten standardized urban indicators, the study develops an Urban Quality Index (UQI), applying descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Results reveal three territorial groupings: Maceió with the highest infrastructure quality, intermediate micro-regions, and those with severe deficits, especially in interior and coastal areas. Accessibility indicators—such as bus stops, bike lanes, and wheelchair ramps—showed the lowest performance. These spatial inequalities reflect historical processes of land concentration, real estate speculation, and lack of equitable urban planning. The adopted methodology, based on public data and open-source tools, proves to be accessible and replicable. The findings indicate that urban infrastructure acts as both a reflection and a driver of social and territorial exclusion. The study provides evidence to guide regionalized public policies and emphasizes the need for territorially sensitive approaches to urban development.
Dr. Chuks Evans ODUNNA, Dr. Uchechukwu Christogonus EGWENIKE, Dr. Ugonna Augustina KALU-OKORO
This study examined the relationship between innovation and sustainability of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Imo State, Nigeria, with Information Technology (IT) adoption as a moderating variable. Grounded in the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capability Theory, the study argues that innovation capabilities and IT adoption jointly strengthen firms’ sustainable performance. A correlational research design was employed, and the population comprised 1,886 registered SMEs in Imo State, from which a sample of 329 SMEs was determined using the Taro Yamane formula. A stratified proportional random sampling technique was adopted to ensure adequate representation of SMEs sectors. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, 291 valid responses depicting a response rate of 88.45% were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis with interaction terms to test the moderating effect via SPSS version 26. Validity was ascertained through expert review while reliability were measured using Cronbach’s alpha and all the variables were above 0.70. Results revealed significant positive relationships between product, process, and marketing innovations and economic, social, and environmental sustainability measures of SMEs at a 5% significance level, and IT adoption strengthened this relationship across all innovation dimensions. The findings suggest that SMEs that adopt innovative practices while leveraging IT are more likely to achieve sustainable business performance. The study concludes that innovation practices enhance SME sustainability when supported by IT adoption. The study recommends that SMEs institutionalize innovation culture, invest in IT adoption, seek government support for digital transformation, and engage in capacity-building programs for sustainable practices.
Ding Weining, Rozniza Zaharudin
This study investigates the oral English needs of Grade 5 students and explores their perceptions of interactive technologies for supporting speaking development. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a questionnaire completed by 109 students with follow-up interviews with 10 participants. The questionnaire examined learners’ background, self-assessed abilities, perceived problems, learning priorities, and attitudes toward interactive technologies, while the interviews provided deeper insights into students’ experiences. The quantitative results revealed that students perceived notable weaknesses in vocabulary, fluency, grammar, and pronunciation, as well as affective barriers such as shyness and fear of mistakes. Preferences for interactive learning styles and interactive technologies were also identified. The qualitative findings complemented these trends, showing that breakout rooms, interactive whiteboards, multimedia, and AI chatbots were valued for reducing anxiety, enhancing engagement, and providing supportive practice. At the same time, challenges such as technical issues, silence in group work, and distraction from multimedia were also reported. Overall, the study contributes to the literature on needs analysis and technology-enhanced language learning by highlighting the role of interactive technologies. The findings offer practical implications for the design of learner-centered modules and provide directions for future research on the integration of interactive technologies in primary-level English education.
Authority, O. A. U.
This article examines how music–comedy fusion in Nigerian popular culture helps people reduce stress and understand everyday challenges. Many Nigerians face social and economic pressure, and performers now combine music, humor, storytelling, and audience interaction to create relief and shared meaning. Using a qualitative interpretive design, the study analyzed 24 live and digital performances and gathered insights from 36 audience interviews, alongside social media engagement. Guided by Episto‑Musical Pedagogy Theory (EMPT) and decolonial perspectives, the study shows how sound, humor, and cultural knowledge work together as tools for healing and learning. The findings reveal that intermodal synergy, the blending of musical and comedic elements, produces emotional release, communal participation, and cognitive reframing. Music–comedy fusion offers both immediate relaxation and deeper resilience by helping audiences reinterpret their experiences. The article proposes the Episto‑Therapeutic Intermodal Synergy Model (ETISM) to explain these processes and highlights the cultural value of Nigerian creative expression in supporting well‑being. The study is limited to selected performances and audience groups, which may not represent all regions of Nigeria.
Sovia Sitta Sari, Suciati
The younger generation of Muhammadiyah was once sluggish in political participation. However, Muhammadiyah, as a large mass organisation, firmly gave its members the freedom to affiliate with certain party institutions and also helped pave the way for social mobility towards political power. Thus, Muhammadiyah's position is one of active neutrality, as evidenced by the opinion of Haidar Nashir (General Chairman) ahead of Muhammadiyah's grand event in 2024. Muhammadiyah must be more active in voicing political civility by utilising various media and forums, including digital platforms. The younger generation of Muhammadiyah needs to receive support from their families to encourage their political participation in the 2024 election, so as not to be trapped in abstention and apathy. This study aims to describe the communication patterns of Muhammadiyah families in their involvement in the 2024 Election. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, with data collection in the form of in-depth interviews with six pairs of parents and children of Muhammadiyah activist families. Democratic, circular, and star-shaped patterns characterise the communication patterns developed by activist informants. An open attitude between parents and children characterises democracy. The goal of politics in Muhammadiyah is amar ma'ruf nahi munkar, which is implemented in several ways such as: a) Muhammadiyah members must choose candidates, may not abstain from voting, b) not forcing their choices on children or other family members, c) leading to Muhammadiyah values, d) using the behavior of the Prophet Muhammad SAW as a reference in politics, e) developing responsible freedom, f) freeing expression in politics g) mutually respecting differences of opinion, and h ) developing discussions in reaching agreement. Several factors influencing the implementation of activist communication patterns with families include internalisation of organisational values in Muhammadiyah, organisational commitment, political awareness as citizens, the example of the Prophet Muhammad, the concept of muamalah in Islam, and the concept of the sakinah family declared by Aisyah (an autonomous women's organisation under the Muhammadiyah organisation). Muhammadiyah has proven successful in socialising democratic values in the context of modern Muslim families, where religious traditions and democratic practices can coexist harmoniously.
Ahmad Safuan A Rashid, Khairul Anuar Kassim, Liknaswaran Kobarajah, Norshakila Abdul Wahab
In evaluating pile foundation performance, static load tests (SLT) play a critical role, as they offer a direct and reliable measure of how a pile responds under both working and ultimate load conditions. Traditionally, these tests focus on pile head load–displacement relationships. However, when piles are instrumented with vibrating-wire strain gauges (VWSG) and extensometers, the amount and quality of information obtained increase substantially. Such instrumentation allows designers and engineers to observe the mobilisation of shaft friction at different depths, distinguish the contribution of end-bearing resistance, monitor toe movement, as well as quantify elastic shortening along the pile shaft. Most importantly, it provides a clear understanding of how shaft friction and end-bearing components develop progressively with increasing pile displacement, forming a complete picture of the load transfer mechanism. Therefore, detailed interpretations of static load test results from instrumented bored piles constructed within the Johor Bahru Old Alluvium formation are carried out in this study. Through careful evaluation of strain distributions and load transfer profiles, ultimate shaft friction values of 6.35N for layers with SPT N-value ≤ 15, and 2.35N for layers with SPT N-value > 15, are established. These correlations offer meaningful insight into the behaviour of Old Alluvium materials under pile loading and provide practical parameters for use in design. The findings contribute directly to improved optimisation of pile lengths, particularly for projects with varying pile diameters and embedment depths in similar geological settings. By adopting design values grounded in instrumented test data, engineers may prevent unnecessary conservatism, reduce material usage, and achieve substantial savings in foundation construction costs while ensuring safety and performance.
Anna Charisse D. Piliotas, Irene O. Mamites, Janine Joy L. Tenerife-Cañete, Niña Rozanne T. Delos Reyes, Raymond C. Espina, Regina E. Sitoy, Reylan G. Capuno
This study aimed to investigate teachers’ attitudes toward the inclusive education of Learners with Special Educational Needs (LSENs) in public elementary schools. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from 150 teacher respondents through adopted survey questionnaires. The treatment of data involved frequency count, percentages, weighted mean, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation analysis (Spearman's rho). The findings showed that the teaching workforce predominantly consists of mid-career educators with moderate experience. Most teachers manage moderate to large class sizes, demonstrating minimal exposure to professional development in inclusive education, with the majority having attended only introductory sessions. Policy literacy remains fragmentary and recency-biased, as teachers recognize recent legislation but show limited awareness of foundational legal frameworks. Findings revealed that teachers consistently express favorable attitudes toward including diverse learners in regular classrooms, although their confidence diminishes for students with complex behavioral needs, autism spectrum disorder, and specialized communication requirements. Teachers perceived highly supportive collegial environments characterized by mutual assistance, open communication, and accessible professional relationships. Institutional backing, exceptionally strong collaborative attitudes, and professional development fundamentally shape their confidence, competence, and positive attitudes to inclusive education implementation. Furthermore, attitudes varied significantly across five dimensions, with minimal professional development exposure and fragmentary policy literacy identified. Teaching experience shows minimal relationship, and class size demonstrates virtually no meaningful relationship; training frequency shows weak positive associations. Policy knowledge significantly correlates with student-centered and administrative support attitudes but shows minimal relationships with collegial dimensions. It can be concluded that teachers demonstrated favorable attitudes toward inclusive education, particularly valuing peer support, administrative backing, collaboration, and training. However, confidence diminished when addressing students with complex behavioral needs and autism spectrum disorder. An action plan was made to address professional development gaps, specialized training, and policy literacy enhancement.
Nur Ainil Sulaiman, Nurain Syakirah Abdullah
Vocabulary mastery at an early age is essential in shaping students’ overall language competence and academic achievement. Hence, the notion of encouraging ESL primary school teachers to strengthen students’ vocabulary development proposes the idea of not only exposing them to the variety of vocabulary teaching strategies (VTS) but also making informed decisions on selecting the most effective and appropriate ones based on differing abilities of the students, particularly in today’s technology-driven educational environment. This study focuses on the implementation of technological tools in vocabulary teaching while investigating the use of technology-based VTS among ESL primary school teachers in Terengganu and the relationship of the strategies used based on their gender. A quantitative research approach has been employed in which survey design is chosen to be applied. A questionnaire consisting of demographic profile and 33 items adapted from various resources have been distributed to 315 respondents from ESL primary school teachers in Terengganu. The findings revealed that Powerpoint and Google Classroom are the most frequent technological tools employed by the teachers for vocabulary teaching. Besides, ESL primary school teachers in Terengganu are moderate users of technology-based VTS where cognitive strategy has been pointed out as the most preferable strategy while social strategy is the least preferable strategy. The independent sample T-test performed in this study also proved that there is no significant difference of technology-based VTS used between gender. Future research is suggested to use a wider range of demographic factors and employ alternative research design in order to offer fresh perspectives on the ideas, attitudes or experiences related to technology-based vocabulary teaching strategies.
Estorba, Vina L, Regis, Korina Jean M, Relativo, John Lloyd C, Rellon, Stephanie Belle S
“In communities where poverty is persistent, microfinance reshapes daily life—supporting households while also deepening the very struggles it seeks to ease. This study addressed a gap in existing literature, as previous research focused heavily on quantitative measures of borrowers’ financial well-being without capturing their lived experiences. Guided by Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, and Sen’s Capability Approach, it explored how borrowers interpret, experience, and cope with debt. Using a qualitative transcendental phenomenological design, fifteen female borrowers from Argao, Cebu—with at least three years of borrowing experience and multiple active loans—were purposively selected. In-depth interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi’s (1978) method. Nine major themes emerged: Living on the Edge of Survival, Carrying the Burden of Family Responsibilities, A Pathway to Relief and Improved Living Conditions, Emergence of Debt Burden and Psychological Strain, Adaptive Financial Management and Resourcefulness, Emotional Resilience and Positive Mindset, Faith and Spiritual Anchoring, Microfinance as a Catalyst for Growth, and Microfinance as a Source of Continuing Burden. Findings revealed that microfinance provides short-term relief, promotes financial discipline, and enhances capability, yet can also perpetuate stress and debt dependency. Effective coping strategies, however, enable borrowers to navigate poverty more intentionally. The study concludes that microfinance has a dual nature—acting as both ka-abag (support) and babag (hindrance)—and recommends integrating financial literacy, psychosocial support, and flexible repayment programs to foster sustainable empowerment.”
Alma R. De Vera, Jehanna T. Pelima, Jim Boy M. Pestaño, Nur Ain T. Santos, Rea Moanna B. Garbo
This study investigates the entrepreneurial skill profile of 139 BS Entrepreneurship students at Malapatan College of Science and Technology, drawn from culturally diverse backgrounds, Indigenous Peoples (34%), Moro (18%), and Christians (48%). Employing a descriptive quantitative research design and an adapted standardized instrument, the study assessed seven core entrepreneurial competencies. Results indicate that teamwork, time management, and marketing are the most prevalent skills, while communication, customer service, networking, and problem-solving remain underdeveloped. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no statistically significant differences in entrepreneurial skill practice across demographic variables, suggesting equitable exposure to entrepreneurship education. The findings underscore the need for differentiated, inclusive, and culturally sensitive pedagogical interventions. Anchored on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 (Quality Education), 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), the study advocates for strengthened experiential learning, targeted communication training, and community-based enterprise initiatives. These insights aim to guide institutional strategies for cultivating entrepreneurial capacity among marginalized and multicultural youth populations.
Acollador, Jecille P, Ortiz, Maria Kristina C
Garbage has become a growing global concern, particularly in developing countries like the Philippines, where waste generation continues to rise. Effective Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is vital for maintaining public health and environmental sustainability, yet its success depends largely on community participation. This study assessed the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on waste management among residents of the Municipality of Pavia, Iloilo. Using a descriptive quantitative design, data were collected from 300 respondents (150 males and 150 females) through a researcher-made Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Findings revealed that residents exhibited an excellent level of knowledge, a highly positive attitude, and a very high level of practice toward waste management. Higher educational attainment and older age correlated with slightly higher KAP levels, while females showed marginally higher scores than males. The results underscore the importance of education in promoting environmental awareness and responsible waste behavior. It is recommended that local governments strengthen information campaigns and partnerships with community organizations to enhance waste management engagement and sustainability.
Aiman Hakim Azahari, Mohamad Lutfi Dolhalit, Mohd Khalid Mokhtar, Nazreen Abdullasim
Ensuring precise and stable motion synchronization in game engine-driven digital twin robotic arms is challenging due to real-time data transmission delays. Various strategies—such as predictive modeling, network optimization, and robotic arm control techniques—have been proposed to address latency-aware motion synchronization. However, the absence of recent review papers in this area limits researchers’ ability to identify the most effective solutions for minimizing latency and enhancing system reliability. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify, analyze, classify, and summarize existing latency reduction techniques. A total of 125 research studies from reputable sources were reviewed to uncover recent trends in the field. We developed a taxonomy to group the identified methods based on common characteristics and provided concise summaries of each approach. Furthermore, this study outlines key research challenges and suggests future directions for improving synchronization accuracy. The findings offer a comprehensive and structured overview of existing solutions and serve as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners aiming to advance real-time digital twin applications through game engine-based visualization.
Joel T. Aclao, Mae Jean M. Matulac
Cooperation between teachers, families, and communities is a well-known platform of inclusive education, but the representation of it in policy and leadership documents often demonstrates a disconnect between the symbolic and the real worlds. The current research investigated collaboration within the frames of publicly available online resources concerning leadership to be included. The research had four aims including attempting to conceptualize collaboration, emphasizing practices that are overemphasized or underemphasized, evaluating the level of emphasizing collaboration symbolically and practically, and exploring issues that impede collaboration and how inclusive leadership is relevant. A qualitative content analysis of the data was performed with the help of the thematic coding to determine recurrent patterns and tensions according to the Bowen document analysis framework. The results show that the idea of collaboration is always placed at the top in terms of the inclusive leadership but often articulated in the form of aspirational words instead of being implemented in the form of sustainable structures and accountability systems. There is a focus on teacher collaboration especially in professional learning communities and mentoring, but little to no family or community partnerships which are predominantly event-driven. The primary barriers are the unavailability of resources, work overload among the teachers, the absence of training, cultural stigma and poor accountability mechanisms. Such issues are addressed through inclusive leadership by institutionalizing teamwork, strengthening partnerships, building professional capacity, and promoting culturally responsive practices.
Samuel B. Damayon
This study examined the various leadership styles of junior administrative and academic officers. Leadership styles greatly influence the organizational culture within an educational institution. Leaders who prioritize collaboration, inclusivity, and supportiveness foster a positive and supportive environment where students and staff feel valued, respected, and motivated to succeed. The study examined various leadership approaches, including transformational, autocratic, transactional, democratic, strategic, and laissez-faire styles, and investigated the leadership practices of junior administrative officers. Results will guide the administration in policy making and decision-making, as well as in appointing junior administrative officers to positions that best suit their leadership styles. This study found that junior administrative and academic officers exhibit high practice in transformational, strategic, transactional, and democratic leadership styles, while demonstrating low practice in laissez-faire and autocratic leadership styles. There were no significant relationships between the different leadership styles with the profile variables except for 1) democratic leadership style and years of employment, that is, a higher extent of democratic leadership style can be described with those who have fewer years of employment and vice versa; 2) Transactional leadership style and years of employment, that is, a higher extent of transactional leadership style can be described with those with fewer years of employment and vice versa; and 3) autocratic leadership style and highest educational attainment, that is, a higher extent of autocratic leadership style can be described with those with lower educational attainment, and vice versa.
Edna B. Nabua, Mark Angelo P. Villena, Mukram J. Abdurahman, Sarah Mae P. Legasa
This study examined the level of mastery in chemistry competencies among 81 Grade 12 students from the Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM), Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) strands in a public senior high school in Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. The study aimed to identify strand-specific learning gaps that could inform the development of targeted instructional interventions. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a validated 30-item achievement test aligned with Bloom’s Taxonomy to assess students’ conceptual understanding across selected chemistry competencies. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in performance across academic strands. ABM students demonstrated the highest level of proficiency, attaining a Mean Percentage Score (MPS) of 78.73%, which corresponds to the “Moving Towards Mastery” classification. In contrast, ICT and HUMSS students obtained lower MPS values of 59.80% and 55.15%, respectively, both categorized under the “Average” mastery level. Across content domains, students performed more strongly in contextualized and macroscopic topics, such as star formation (79.01%) and the identification of active ingredients in household cleaning products (76.54%). However, substantial difficulties were observed in abstract and theory-intensive concepts. Notably, the synthesis of new elements based on atomic number yielded a low mastery level of 28.40%. These findings highlight persistent conceptual gaps in chemistry learning, particularly among non-STEM academic strands, and underscore the limitations of uniform instructional approaches. The study emphasizes the need for strand-responsive and differentiated instructional strategies, supported by contextualized learning materials and visual representations, to enhance students’ understanding of abstract chemical principles and reduce performance disparities within the senior high school chemistry curriculum.
Cathniel L. Verallo, Cheira M. Tarayao, Christine Joy C. Llaneras, Edna B. Nabua
This study examined the least learned competencies in the mole concept among 50 Senior High School STEM students at Sta. Filomena–Iligan City East National High School using a teacher-developed, content-validated 30-item diagnostic test aligned with the Department of Education Senior High School Science Curriculum Guide. Descriptive quantitative analyses—including mean scores, standard deviations, Mean Percentage Scores (MPS), frequency distributions, and mastery-level interpretations— were used to measure student performance. Results showed that 72% of the students were classified under Did Not Meet Expectation, with a mean score of 14.63 (SD = 5.84), indicating an overall MPS below the 75% mastery benchmark. The least learned competencies were calculating the molar mass of elements and compounds (MPS = 27, Not Mastered) and applying molar volume of gases at STP (MPS = 39, Not Mastered). Other weak areas included converting mass–mole–particle quantities, applying mole ratios, solving real-life and multi-step mole problems, and relating mole to mass using molar mass (MPS = 56– 58, Least Mastered). Students showed better performance in using Avogadro’s number (MPS = 61) and explaining the mole as a unit of measurement (MPS = 77.33, Nearly Mastered). The results suggest that many students struggle because the difficult competencies require multiple calculation steps, stronger math skills, and connecting symbols, numbers, and ideas, which increases mental effort. In contrast, students find basic concepts and definitions easier to recall. This study serves as a performancediagnostic investigation that helps identify learning gaps and supports improvement in teaching approaches. Future studies may test specific instructional strategies designed to strengthen students’ quantitative skills and understanding of the mole concept.
Fairuz Umira Binti Azmi, Harwati Hashim
The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT has transformed academic writing practices in English as a Second Language (ESL) contexts while simultaneously raising concerns about academic integrity and skill development. This study explored ESL lecturers’ perceptions of students’ overreliance on ChatGPT and the strategies adopted to manage this phenomenon at a Malaysian private university. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), a qualitative case study design was employed, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with three ESL lecturers teaching academic writing. Reflexive thematic analysis revealed that while ChatGPT offers linguistic scaffolding, lecturers perceived a decline in authentic writing processes, diminished metacognitive engagement, and increasing occurrences of AI-generated inaccuracies and fabricated references. Moreover, varied lecturer expectations and the lack of guidelines were found to encourage students’ dependence on AI applications. Consequently, lecturers introduced in-class writing tasks, structured assessments and oral defences to verify the authenticity of student submissions. These results are significant because they emphasise the institutional requirements for AI literacy education, unified governance and the restructuring of assessments to guarantee ethical and accountable AI application. As a result, this study contributes context-specific insights into sustainable AI integration aligned with SDG 4’s call for quality education in the digital era.
Nur Izzati binti Mohd Marzuki, Wan Mohd Sabki Wan Omar
A life cycle carbon assessment of reinforced concrete buildings involves evaluating the carbon emissions related with the entire life cycle of the building. The assessment aims to create model of two-storey residential buildings with optimized structural design alternatives using Esteem software. It also seeks to compute the embodied energy (EE) and embodied carbon (EC) emissions for the building and reduce them by using optimized structural solutions in a real building scenario. Esteem software is used to create a life cycle carbon assessment of reinforced concrete buildings. The assessment aims to create a 2-D model of two-storey residential buildings with optimized structural design alternatives, calculating embodied energy (EE) and embodied carbon (EC) emissions. Esteem Software's material take-off features were used to calculate EC emissions and EE of building parts. Two models were developed by using concrete grade 35, aluminium for formwork, steel, and clay for the roof, and the other using steel, concrete grade 30, plywood, and metal for the roof. The bill of quantity generated by Esteem software and manual estimation of clay and metal roofs were used in the study. The results showed that building 1 had more EE and EC emissions, while building 2 had less. Building 2 had 73% less total EE and produced 64% less EC than building 1, suggesting that replacing grade concrete, formwork, and roof type can reduce EE and EC emissions.
Imran Bin Hindustan, Mohd Khanapiah Bin Nor, Nurulhalim Bin Hassim
Continuous monitoring of vital signs is essential for early detection of physiological abnormalities, yet conventional hospital-based systems are often costly and require intensive manual intervention. This study presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a low-cost, Arduino-based multi-parameter health monitoring system capable of measuring heart rate, blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂), body temperature, and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in real time. The proposed system integrates multiple biomedical sensors with an Arduino microcontroller, providing local visualization via an LCD interface and automated alerting through buzzer and LED indicators when predefined physiological thresholds are exceeded. To enable remote monitoring, the system transmits sensor data using a NodeMCU module to a cloud-based IoT platform (Ubidots) for visualization and logging. Experimental validation was conducted on 15 participants, with three repeated measurements collected per participant for heart rate, SpO₂, and body temperature. The results demonstrate stable real-time performance and reliable detection of abnormal conditions. A practical limitation identified is the reduced granularity of cloud-based graphs due to transmission rate constraints, despite accurate local monitoring. Overall, the findings confirm that low-cost, modular microcontroller-based systems can provide effective multi-vital monitoring and alerting, particularly in resource-constrained healthcare environments.
Senouci samir
This study sought to explore the state of loyalty and performance within the Algerian administration. The idea to explore this topic arose from the researcher's observations of the high volume of employee complaints, which are heard almost daily, as well as the widespread discontent among citizens regarding the practices of the Algerian administration, which have led some to describe it as an oppressive force. The decline and corruption within the Algerian administration led us to identify the underlying reasons. The work environment has become hostile to competencies and a burial ground for talents. The employee-employer relationship has turned into an aversive relationship that gave birth to deviant behaviours, such as negligence, indifference, and frequent absenteeism. Consequently, the interests of both employees and citizens became jeopardized. It is disheartening to see that the determining factors of administrative behaviour have become favoritism and bribery. Our research followed a descriptive approach suitable for qualitative studies. We managed to conduct interviews with nine individuals working in different Algerian administrations. To sum up, There is no positive loyalty in Algerian administration, but performance is linked to individuals' ethical principles, rather than what serves the interests and goals of the administration.
Cathniel L. Verallo, Cheira M. Tarayao, Christine Joy C. Llaneras, Edna B. Nabua
Acid–base chemistry is a foundational topic in senior high school curricula, underpinning advanced concepts in chemical reactions, equilibria, and analytical applications. Despite its importance, learners frequently exhibit difficulties in understanding and applying acid–base principles, particularly in computational and conceptual contexts. This study aimed to assess the level of mastery of Grade 12 students in acids and bases and to identify the least mastered competencies through a comprehensive needs assessment. Data were collected from fifty (50) purposively selected students at Kapatagan National High School using a 30-item validated multiple-choice diagnostic test aligned with the Department of Education’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs). Descriptive quantitative analyses, including mean scores, standard deviations, and mastery level interpretations, were employed to evaluate performance. Results indicated that the overall performance of learners was low, with 92% failing to meet expectations and only 8% achieving a fairly satisfactory level. Learners demonstrated Low Mastery in fundamental definitions of Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry, and Lewis acids and bases (MPS = 77.5), while application- and computation-based competencies, including buffer systems, Henderson–Hasselbalch calculations, and salt hydrolysis, were identified as least mastered (MPS = 51.0–57.4). These findings reveal substantial gaps in conceptual understanding and quantitative application, highlighting the need for targeted instructional interventions, guided problem-solving, and enhanced conceptual discussions. The study provides empirical evidence to inform curriculum development and pedagogical strategies aimed at improving mastery in acid–base chemistry.
Prof Madya Dr. Harwati Hashim, Wan Ainol Munirah binti Ahmad Tarmizi
This study explores how gamification enhances students’ motivation to learn English in a mixed-ability classroom. The aim is also to investigate the elements of gamification that can reduce anxiety while promoting engagement, grounded by Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis. A qualitative research design was employed, incorporating semi-structured interviews with five students of mixed achievements and classroom observations of Grade 10 international school students in Kuala Lumpur. The findings also revealed that gamification increases students’ motivation by giving them opportunities to attempt more challenging tasks in order to move to the next level. Thus, a sense of competition is believed to be the most encouraging factor in gamification that enhances students’ engagement in ESL mixed-ability classrooms. However, the study acknowledges limitations, covering the issue of language barriers that impede enjoyment, especially for those who understand limited English.
Ada I. Phil-Ugochukwu
This paper examines the progress of financial inclusion (FI) in Nigeria since 2008 and advances micro-health insurance as an emerging frontier for deepening inclusion beyond conventional financial services in Africa. Anchored in established perspectives from financial inclusion theory, inclusive insurance, and development economics, the study conceptualizes micro-health insurance as a risk-pooling and productivity-enhancing mechanism that complements transaction-led inclusion. Using secondary data drawn primarily from the EFInA Access to Financial Services (A2F) surveys, World Bank datasets, and policy documents, the paper evaluates both access outcomes and broader welfare implications. Empirical evidence shows that Nigeria’s financial exclusion rate declined from 53% in 2008 to 26% in 2023, while formal inclusion expanded to 64%, driven largely by mobile phone penetration (93%), agent banking networks (54% usage), and policy shocks such as the naira redesign [1] that accelerated Point-of-Sale transaction adoption. The analysis moves beyond descriptive reporting to synthesize how non-bank actors, including licensed microfinance banks and fintech’s, have reshaped inclusion pathways by lowering transaction costs and embedding financial services into everyday economic activity. Comparative analysis with Kenya, Ghana, Rwanda, Egypt, and Ethiopia highlights that Nigeria’s policy-led model contrasts with the more telecom-driven and hybrid approaches elsewhere, with differing implications for speed, depth, and equity of inclusion. The paper argues that despite measurable gains, full financial inclusion remains structurally constrained by informality, income volatility, gender norms, rural access gaps, and trust deficits. Within this context, micro-health insurance emerges as a strategic extension of FI, capable of leveraging existing agent and mobile payment infrastructures to address health-related financial shocks that disproportionately affect low-income and underbanked populations. Methodologically, the study relies exclusively on secondary data, acknowledging limitations related to self-reported survey responses, temporal inconsistencies across datasets, and the inability to establish causal relationships. These constraints are addressed through triangulation across sources and cautious interpretation.
Divyaloshini Sures Rao, Fatin Zulaikha Zulkifli, Iyllyana Che Rosli, Mohamad Nurul Hafiz Ab Latif, Norhasliza Ghapa
The growth of e-commerce has amplified the legal importance of misrepresentation in online sales transactions, given that contractual consent is increasingly derived through digital means. The lack of physical inspection, together with the lack of information on the applicable laws, raises concerns regarding the adequacy of existing legal framework to regulate misleading pre-contractual statements within the digital marketplace. This article explores how misrepresentation in online sales transactions is treated under both Malaysian and UK law. Adopting a doctrinal and comparative methodology, this paper analyses statutory provisions and established principles governing misrepresentation in online sales across both jurisdictions. The analysis reveals that while both legal systems acknowledge misrepresentation as a factor that can invalidate contractual consent, both coutries’ approaches differ significantly in terms of legal structure, categorisation and remedies applicable to the parties who consent was so caused. The UK framework which supported by the Misrepresentation Act 1967 and enhanced by consumer protection legislations reflects a more structured response to misrepresentation in online sales. Utilising the findings, this article offers recommendations to enhance Malaysian legal framework on misrepresentation in online sales transactions.
Alvin G. Johnson, Idris. A Adenuga, Jimoh O Saka, Lateef. O Salami
Intra-regional trade within West Africa has attracted concerns over its flows and associated benefits. This paper examines the relationship between mobile internet and intra-regional trade flows for six West African countries due to their trade relation for the period 2000-2023. The countries include, Nigeria, Ghana, Coted’lvoire, Mali, Senegal and Benin. Trade data (exports and imports) was obtained from World Trade Integrated Solution. For other explanatory variables including GDP representing incomes in both exporting and importing, Distance, Proportion of individual using internet, inflation rate and population, data was obtained from the World Bank database. Export is employed as the dependent variable. While the theoretical framework relied on internetisation management theories, the gravity model estimation was employed in analysing the trade flows. The model is estimated using the Generalised Method of Moment because it utilises the moment conditions and instrumental variables to obtain consistent and efficient parameter estimates. Using sensitivity analysis, results show that incomes of both exporting and importing countries facilitated trade, distance retarded trade relation with inflation included. Mobile internet variable measured by the proportion of individual using internet facilitated exports flow in the region. It is important that West African governments further improve access to mobile internet with minimum costs. Road networks between countries should be put in good shape to facilitate easy mobility.
Ahmed Razman Abdul-latiff, Rosalan Bin Ali, Shehu Umar
Several factors affect the firm performance of oil and gas firms due to their potential relevance to a company's profitability and sustainability. Renewable energy investment includes the factors that represent an enormous challenge to the oil and gas firm's survival. This study examines the moderating effect of board characteristics on the relationship between renewable energy investment and firm financial performance among oil and gas firms in sub-Saharan Africa. The sample population of fifty (50) oil and gas firms was selected using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected from secondary sources comprising an audited annual financial statement of sampled firms and the LSEG data stream. The period of the study was ten (10) years (2014–2023). Data were analysed using a linear multiple regression technique in the STATA software package. The result of the study reveals a significant negative effect of renewable energy investment on Return on Assets (ROA) and a significant positive effect on Net Profit Margin (NPM). Similarly, board independence and board tenure have an insignificant moderating effect on the relationship between renewable energy investment, ROA and NPM. While board expertise has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between renewable energy investment and NPM. Gender diversity has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between renewable energy investment and ROA of oil and firms of sub-Saharan Africa. The study concludes that while renewable energy investments temporarily decrease return on assets, it has a long-term profitability benefit, create value for investors’ confidence and firms’ sustainability among the oil and gas firms, especially when complemented by an effective corporate governance mechanism. Therefore, this study suggests for effective corporate governance compliance, specifically boards with expert members and more female directors are in better positioned to guide, evaluate and contribute to good oversight and innovative investment decisions in renewable energy, also a collaboration of oil and gas firms with governments, development banks and private investors to provide incentives in terms of concessional funds, subsidies and tax reliefs to encouraged the firms to invest more on renewable energy projects beyond the current average investment level to strengthen long-term competitiveness and resilience against oil price volatility and improved firm performance.
Archibong David Okon, Joachim Msenwse Apeh, Toma Ibrahim Musa, Umar Faruq BELLO
This study assesses natural gas as a transitional fuel in the U.S., Norway, and Nigeria, comparing developed and emerging contexts. Using a policy coding framework, it evaluates regulatory strength, fiscal incentives, institutional effectiveness, and environmental performance. Results reveal governance disparities: the U.S. and Norway exhibit high efficiency and strong environmental controls, while Nigeria’s reforms face infrastructural and institutional constraints. Findings highlight that effective energy transition relies on robust regulation, enforcement, and integrated policy.
Damia Qistina Abdul Halim, Faizah Mohd Fakhruddin, Farah Najihah Adilah Abu Bakar, Samantha Soo Chin Yee, Tey Joyce, Wan Syazwin Edzwina Wan Ahmad Hishamudin
This study explores the various social, political, organizational, economic, and psychological challenges that Malaysian female employees face in the labor sector. A qualitative approach and case study design were employed, using purposive sampling and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with five female informants from diverse occupational backgrounds. The findings reveal four critical challenges faced by the informants: social, political and organizational, economic, and psychological. Social challenges include traditional gender expectations, family caregiving responsibilities, cultural judgment, and religious considerations. Political and organizational challenges include limited access to government programs, workplace policy gaps or biases, the negative impacts of maternity leave, and limited flexible work arrangements. Further, economic challenges include economic stability issues, rising cost of living, pressure from financial responsibilities, and limited access to high-growth career opportunities. Lastly, psychological challenges include problems such as low self-confidence, fear and self-doubt, stress, and guilt. The findings show that these challenges restrict women's professional progression and work-life balance because they are interrelated and firmly ingrained in societal, political, organizational, and economic institutions. To promote the professional growth and well-being of Malaysian women, the study emphasizes the need for structural changes, inclusive workplace regulations, and greater socio-cultural awareness. To enhance gender equality in the workforce, recommendations include expanding flexible work arrangements, eliminating unconscious gender biases, and fostering supportive organizational environments.
Abdulwasiu Alade Sulaimon, Ajiboye Samson Oyebade, Olukayode Ezekiel Ibironke
Statistical analysis is guided by a set of assumptions that ensure the validity and reliability of research findings. One of the most critical assumptions is the normality of data, particularly in the application of parametric statistical techniques. Despite its importance, many empirical studies either overlook normality testing or fail to report the results. This paper presents a conceptual review of data normality, its relevance in statistical analysis, and the implications of non-normal data for research conclusions. The review discusses graphical and statistical methods for assessing normality and examines strategies for handling non-normal data, including data transformation, non-parametric testing, robust methods, and bootstrapping. The paper concludes that assessing and reporting data normality are essential for methodological rigour, transparency, and valid inference in social science research.
Aimee Angeline M. Paguyo, Allea V. Sarabia, Christian John G. Tarampi, Deinsdale Mark T. Baracao, Lyka Alyssa S. Arellano, Marie Dale Soriano, Regie Boy B. Fabro
This study examined the level of nutritional awareness and its relationship with food choices among working pre-service teachers at the College of Teacher Education of Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU-CTE), Philippines. Specifically, it aimed to determine the level of nutritional awareness of working pre-service teachers, assess their food choices, examine the relationship between nutritional awareness and food choices, identify factors influencing their food choices, and propose strategies to improve nutritional awareness and promote healthier eating habits. A convergent parallel mixed-method research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through a structured survey questionnaire administered online to 60 purposively selected working pre-service teachers and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. Qualitative data from open-ended questions were thematically analyzed to identify key factors influencing food choices and proposed strategies for improvement. Results revealed that respondents had a high level of nutritional awareness (x̄ = 4.00), demonstrating good nutritional knowledge and awareness. However, their food choices were rated only fair (x̄ = 2.47), characterized by low consumption of fruits and vegetables, preference for convenient and fast foods, and limited attention to portion control and hydration. Correlation analysis showed a very weak and non-significant relationship between nutritional awareness and food choices (r = 0.02, p = 0.87), indicating that knowledge alone did not translate into healthier eating behaviors. Qualitative findings identified financial constraints, convenience, and diet-related factors are major determinants of food choices. The study concludes that although working pre-service teachers are nutritionally knowledgeable, external constraints hinder the translation of awareness into healthier food choices. The study recommends integrating nutrition literacy and information evaluation programs into higher education, promoting affordable nutritious meals in school canteens, and collaborating with the Department of Health (DOH) and Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) to strengthen evidence-based nutrition education.
Jephias Matunhu, Patience Matunhu, Precious Matunhu, Viola Matunhu
Zimbabwe is experiencing livelihoods, water, and sanitation challenges especially in the rural areas. The study investigated opportunities for improving the same in Runde rural district. The study collected qualitative data through interviews, observation and documenta reviews. The findings were that disused mining pits could be utilised to supply water for market gardening, tourism and fisheries to support rural industrialisation as well as water for domestic use. Availability of university and their focus on community engagement offers a huge opportunity for the locals to engage them in knowledge generation and dissemination on livelihoods, water, and sanitation. The emphasis of heritage education by the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education exerts pressure on academics to lead in finding solutions to community problems.
Grace W. Muriithi
This paper looks at Dahl’s law, a voice dissimilation process prevalent in Bantu languages, and how it is manifested in Kindia, a Kikuyu dialect. Dahl’s law is realized in varied ways in Zone E languages at dialectal level hence making it a significant divider amongst dialects of the same language (Kanana, 2011). Dialects tend to vary at phonological and morphological levels. While these variations can be identified, discussions of their viability can be discussed through Universal Grammar. Optimality Theory postulated by Prince and Smolensky (Prince & Smolensky 2004) can be used to establish the constraints that may be at play in determining the realization of Dahl’s law in Kindia. Some Zone E Bantu languages allow for the dissimilation of the voiceless stops such as /t/ and /k/ to voiceless fricatives, /ð/ and /ɣ/ respectively depending on the verb stem (Elwell, 2010). However, Kindia shows marked difference in that the voiceless velar stop /k/ in the verb initial is retained regardless of the verb stem. This markedness, allowing the retention of the voiceless velar stop /k/, is one of the dominant features that distinguish Kindia from other Kikuyu dialects. Using Optimality Theory, this study seeks to demonstrate the diverse and allowable manifestations of the Dahl’s law in Kindia different from other Kikuyu dialects. In the other Kikuyu dialects (Nyeri, Murang’a and Kiambu), the voiceless velar stop /k/ is realized as voiceless velar fricative /ɣ/ if the verb stem has a vowel initial or has the voiced velar fricative, /ð/. Kindia ranks constraints differently than other Kikuyu dialects.
Ahmad Syazani Ahmad Moktar, Mohamad Ridzuan Mohamad Kamal, Zolkarnain Marjom
This study investigates the optimization of 3D-printed investment casting patterns and two-stage burnout parameters to minimize defects in propeller blade manufacturing. A full factorial design of experiments (2⁴) was implemented to analyze the effects of four fused deposition modeling (FDM) parameters—shell thickness, infill density, layer height, and internal pattern structure—on burnout performance. Thirty-two PLA patterns were fabricated and evaluated through a two-stage burnout process: Stage 1 (200–350 °C) assessed air permeability, while Stage 2 (up to 650 °C) examined surface integrity using dye penetrant testing and visual crack inspection. Statistical analysis using GLM ANOVA revealed that air permeability exhibited no significant main effects but was influenced by higher-order interactions, notably Infill× Shell× Pattern (F = 5.067, p = 0.03879) and Layer× Shell× Pattern (F = 6.975, p = 0.01779). Dye penetrant indications were dominated by shell thickness (F = 2135.9, p ≈ 1.84e⁻18), with layer height and multiple interactions also significant. Visual cracking was strongly associated with shell thickness (Fisher exact p = 0.00245), with 1 mm shells reducing defects compared to 2 mm. The findings underscore that shell thickness is the primary factor for Stage 2 defect mitigation, while Stage 1 optimization requires joint tuning of shell, infill, and pattern parameters. The proposed two-stage burnout workflow enables early identification of critical factor combinations, offering a robust approach for improving dimensional integrity and surface quality in additively manufactured investment casting applications.
Dicky Aryanto, Fiqi Luhur Saputra, Muhamad Jamaludin, Nur Rochman Pratama, Yudi Prastyo
In the industrial world, the layout of a product is quite important, considering the cost of renting a warehouse for some companies. Therefore, the Company needs to make improvements to the warehouse layout in order to fix the problem. This research aims to improve the layout of the warehouse in order to maximize the number of "A-1" parts in the pallet. We use data from May 2025 to July 2025 with a monthly average of 190,050pcs per month and require at least 25 pallets. The method we use is Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA). The initial planning increased the initial capacity of part A-1 from 7,560pcs in one pallet to 10,080pcs per pallet. From the results of this study, we succeeded in optimizing the use of pallets from 25 pallets to 18, where previously we cleared 30.25 m2 of land to 21.78m2. Another research that we conducted, a well-organized warehouse layout can reduce the cost of renting a warehouse, which is Rp. 550,550 per month or Rp. 6,606,600 per year. This shows a significant cost when we can improve a good warehouse layout. This research is expected to provide practical solutions that can be directly applied to reduce warehouse rental costs, store parts more optimally, and the delivery process is easier and faster.
Ozumba Emeka, Prof Nwammuo Angela Nkiru
This study examined the effectiveness of oramedia communication forms in mobilizing women for community development during August Meetings in Southeast Nigeria. Specifically, it sought to determine the dominant oramedia forms used for mobilization, identify those applied in conveying development messages, assess challenges associated with their use, and analyze factors influencing their effectiveness. A mixed-method research design combining quantitative and qualitative approaches was adopted. The study involved a sample of 270 women leaders selected from a population of 2,770 using a multistage sampling technique across communities in the Southeast geopolitical zone. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire with key women executives actively involved in the August Meetings. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Findings revealed that folk drama and plays were the most commonly utilized oramedia forms for mobilizing women during the August Meetings. These traditional communication channels significantly enhanced women’s participation in health campaigns, sanitation exercises, cooperative fundraising, and community infrastructure projects. However, challenges such as low participation among younger women and the declining perception of oramedia as a serious communication tool limited its effectiveness. The study recommends strengthening hybrid communication strategies that integrate traditional and modern media to promote inclusive, women-led community development in Southeast Nigeria.
Kristoffer T. Tampus
This research employed a qualitative, phenomenological design to explore the real-world experiences and challenges faced by parents in their children's education throughout the academic year in Arpili Elementary School in Balamban, Cebu Province, for Academic Year 2025-2026. This aimed to comprehend the complex elements of how parents' involvement and engagement connect with their children’s educational journey, as well as provide a rigorous analysis of how different dimensions of parental engagement influence student outcomes. There were ten (10) participants in this study. They were all parents and or guardians – respondents, of children in early childhood education and will be subject to an in-depth interview or a detailed survey, depending on availability and preference. All respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Purposive sampling was intentional in selecting participants based on their ability to provide diverse and informative themes, concepts, or phenomena. Often known as a judgmental or expert sample, a purposive sample is best known to be a non-probability sample. Its main objective was to generate a sample that could reasonably be believed to be true to the public. Based on the findings emphasized the restrictions such as tight work schedules, financial constraints, and technological gaps that frequently limit their participation. Despite these obstacles, they have still endeavored to stay engaged. The study also found that schooling thrives when parents, teachers, and the school acknowledge their shared responsibility and mutual partnership. In conclusion, parent engagement required collaborative effort for it to be effective and sustainable not only for the parents, teachers, and schools but also for the children. By transitioning from individual struggles to collaborative partnerships, parental engagement can become more impactful in influencing a child’s overall success.
Nor Amira Natasya Mohd Sukri, Normala Riza
Parenting styles play a critical role in shaping the quality of parent–child communication, which is fundamental for emotional well-being and psychosocial development. This study examined the predictive influence of authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian parenting styles on communication quality among families. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 175 Malaysian parents participated in an online cross-sectional survey using purposive sampling. Parenting styles (authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative) along with parent–child communication quality, were assessed using validated likert-scale instruments. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression via SPSS version 27. Findings reveal that authoritative parenting, characterized by balanced warmth and control, is strongly associated with higher-quality communication and emerges as a significant predictor. In contrast, permissive parenting negatively impacts communication quality, while authoritarian parenting shows no significant predictive effect. These results underscore the importance of structured, responsive, and empathetic parenting practices in fostering effective family communication. Despite limitations such as the cross-sectional design and absence of demographic controls, the study contributes context-specific evidence to the literature and highlights the need for parental education programs. Promoting authoritative parenting strategies can enhance children’s emotional well-being, social competence, and overall family cohesion in Malaysia.
Ali Nizam, Mohamed Maumoon, Zubair Hassan
Investment decisions are increasingly dictated by emotional intelligence (EI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), meaning critical assessment of the literature in this field is crucial for future research on behavioural finance. This review examines the article Minds and Machines: Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Investment Decisions with Mediating the Role of Artificial Intelligence, calling EI a predictor of investment decisions and AI a mediator. The review employs an organised, criteria informed approach based on established reviewer guidance to evaluate the paper's conceptual framing, methodological clarity, analytic processes, clarity of presentation, referencing, and overall academic quality. The evaluation includes strengths, such as the application of SEM, clear reporting of reliability and validity tests, and a clear conceptual framework. However, there are significant gaps in the abstract, literature review, methodology, and discussion. The main problems are lack of specific methodological detail, absence of sampling description, poor instrument reporting, lack of integration and critique with the previous literature, inadequate explanation of results and multiple reference style inconsistencies. The discussion and conclusion sections do not thoroughly address the theoretical and practical implications. As such, the review offers specific suggestions in light of these findings to increase methodological transparency, enhance analytical reflection, improve structural coherence, and address referencing mistakes. In general, despite being focused on a relevant and multidisciplinary topic, the paper needs substantial revision to strengthen its academic contribution in this domain and to meet the standards expected for scholarly reporting.
HMWM Herath
English language proficiency plays a decisive role in academic achievement in higher education systems where English functions as a second language. In Sri Lanka, English is widely used as the medium of instruction across disciplines, yet undergraduates enter university with varied levels of competence in core language skills. This study examines the relative influence of perceived listening, reading, and writing skills on undergraduates’ academic grades in Sri Lankan public universities. Using a mixed-methods research design, data were collected from 400 undergraduates representing four major universities in Sri Lanka. Quantitative findings from correlation and multiple regression analyses reveal that perceived reading proficiency is the strongest predictor of academic performance, followed by perceived writing and listening. Qualitative insights further explain how assessment structures, teaching practices, and language anxiety mediate this relationship. The findings provide evidence-based guidance for curriculum design, language support programs, and policy decisions in Sri Lankan higher education.
Mamani C., William, Monroy H., Kreimer, Ortiz A. Obdulia
The case method has established itself as an active methodology that promotes critical analysis, participation, and decision-making in educational contexts, especially in the field of health sciences. However, quantitative evidence on student perceptions of its effectiveness is still limited in Latin America. The objective of this study was to evaluate university students' perceptions of the case method after its application as a central pedagogical strategy in the Determinants of Health course. A quantitative, non- experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a census sample of 54 students. The Case Method Perception Instrument (IPMC-24) was applied, validated using Aiken's V (0.89) and with high internal reliability (α = 0.93). The results show highly favorable perceptions in all dimensions evaluated: pedagogical relevance (M = 4.63), applicability in real scenarios (M = 4.74), participation and critical analysis (M = 4.74), satisfaction and perceived usefulness (M = 4.76), and overall satisfaction (M = 4.80). The relative frequencies show that more than 77% of students selected the category "Strongly agree" in all dimensions. The findings confirm that the case method is valued as a relevant, motivating, and effective strategy for developing health science skills. It is concluded that its systematic implementation promotes deep and contextualized learning, which supports its use as a central methodology in university settings focused on the analysis of real health problems.
Nielma May D. Omo
This study assessed students' perceptions of Science 10 Self-Learning Modules (SLMs) and their academic performance as a means of ensuring educational continuity during disasters. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved 60 Grade 10 students from Lorenzo Latawan National High School, selected through purposive sampling for the 2025-2026 school year. Data were collected via survey questionnaires using the Likert scale for scoring, focusing on five key indicators: access and availability, clarity and quality of content, self-directed learning, learning continuity, and challenges faced. Results indicated that SLM utilization was perceived as "Moderately Implemented" across most areas, with Access and Availability receiving the highest mean score (4.26), Clarity and Content (4.25) Challenges Faced receiving the lowest (3.76), interpreted as "Slightly Implemented". Academic performance showed that the majority of students achieved satisfactory (43.33%) or Very Satisfactory (28.33%) grades, confirming basic continuity. The inferential analysis using Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient (ρ) revealed no statistically significant relationship between students' perceptions of SLM utilization and their academic performance (all ρ>0.05). The study concludes that while SLMs meet basic standards of equality, their perceived quality does not serve as a reliable predictor of student success. Recommendations focus on shifting interventions from module revision to comprehensive home-based support and the explicit teaching of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL), as these contextual factors appear to be true drivers of academic success.
Yelagam Mounika
Banks play a vital role in the economy because they function as financial intermediaries and facilitate payments, creating credit, giving financial services, providing financial stability, and allowing economy to grow and in turn stimulate economic activity. This study examines the financial performance of both Punjab National Bank(PNB) and YES bank over a period of 2020-21 to 2024-25. This study is carried by using to profitability indicators namely ROA and ROE. These ratios are crucial in examining how efficiently company is using its assets to make profits, to measure company’s profitability, how much profit is generated for shareholders from their investments. The findings reveal gradual but consistent improvement in ROA &ROE of Punjab National Bank, reflecting enhanced asset utilization and effective capital management. On the other hand, YES bank showed volatility in the initial years and moderate improvement in the subsequent years. The comparative results indicate that Punjab National Bank demonstrates greater stability in profitability whereas Yes Bank shows faster but inconsistent improvement. This study concludes that sustained improvements in asset quality and capital employment are essential for long term profitability and ROA, ROE remain key indicators for performance evaluation.
Edna B. Nabua, Ph. D, Hubert Jason T. Matrido
Mastery of chemistry learning competencies is a key indicator of students’ academic achievement; however, many learners continue to experience difficulty in understanding core chemical concepts and applying them to practical contexts. This study examined the level of mastery of Grade 11 learners in the assessed chemistry learning competencies. A descriptive research design was employed using a conceptual understanding test covering Matter and Its Properties, Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table, Chemical Reactions, Gases and Gas Laws, Solutions, Acids and Bases, Thermochemistry and Chemical Kinetics, Nuclear Chemistry, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Chemistry in Everyday Life and the Environment. The results showed that the majority of learners obtained scores ranging from 11 to 17, with a mean score of 13.80 and a median of 14. Among the 445 participants, only five learners (1.12%) achieved a passing score, while 440 learners (98.88%) did not meet the mastery criterion. Overall, the learners attained a mean percentage score of 20.3%, indicating a low level of mastery, with error frequencies ranging from 71% to 84% across the assessed competencies. These findings highlight persistent challenges in students’ conceptual understanding of chemistry and underscore the need for targeted instructional interventions to improve mastery of essential learning competencies.
Mohd Lizam, Praja Hadi Saputra
This literature review investigates the personal and environmental drivers influencing budget participation. This is important because budgetary participation extends beyond a procedural task; it represents a cognitive and behavioral process influenced by individual capabilities and the context in which employees operate. A comprehensive understanding of these determinants enables organizations to develop budgeting systems that more effectively enhance employee motivation, minimize uncertainty, improve communication quality, and ultimately reinforce the overall effectiveness of decision-making. The current study considers two personal factors (self-efficacy and locus of control) and two environmental antecedents (task uncertainty and information technology for enhanced communication). Guided by Social Cognitive Theory, the review synthesizes how employees' cognitive beliefs interact with organizational conditions to influence their involvement in budgeting processes. Prior research shows that self-efficacy reinforces employees' confidence in contributing effectively to budget formulation, while locus of control affects their perceived autonomy and influence over budget outcomes. Environmentally, task uncertainty can stimulate greater participation when individuals seek clarity, yet may suppress involvement when ambiguity becomes excessive. Meanwhile, the adoption of information technology that enhances communication improves access to information, transparency, and collaborative decision-making, creating an environment that supports more active engagement. Therefore, this review provides a structured understanding of how personal and environmental factors, viewed through the lens of Social Cognitive Theory, shape employees' budgetary participation for both practitioners and researchers.
Charnez ELLOUMI, Habib AFFES
This article investigates entrepreneurial spin-offs as a significant managerial phenomenon and examines the influence of individual characteristics on the success of corporate spin-offs in the Tunisian context. Based on a questionnaire survey conducted among 50 spin-off entrepreneurs, the study operationalizes key personal variables and empirically tests their effects on spin-off performance. The findings aim to provide employees in both public and private organizations with a clear and structured understanding of the spin-off process, while identifying the individual factors that spin-off founders are required to develop in order to enhance the likelihood of entrepreneurial success.
Luzviminda T. Orilla, Ronnie Feria Garcia
The study developed a data-driven predictive model for forecasting graduates’ success in professional licensure examinations using Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). It employed a quantitative, predictive-correlational design to analyze institutional records of 933 graduates from five licensure programs in higher education institutions in the Philippines between 2020 and 2025. Cognitive-academic factors, including fluid intelligence, communication skills, reading comprehension, mathematical ability, professional knowledge, internship performance, and mock board exam performance, as well as contextual factors such as study duration and academic difficulty, were examined using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and DFA. Results revealed that licensure passers significantly surpassed non-passers across all variables (p < .001). The discriminant model was statistically significant (Wilks’ Λ = 0.430, χ² (9) = 781.573, p < .001; canonical r = 0.755) and accurately classified 88% of the cross-validated cases. The strongest predictors of licensure success were professional knowledge, mock board exam performance, study duration, and academic difficulty. The research concludes that cognitive mastery and academic persistence are crucial for licensure readiness. The study recommends integrating data-driven and AI-enabled early warning and academic analytics systems to identify at-risk examinees and support timely interventions aimed at optimizing readiness for professional qualifications.
A. I. Akyala, Edet, John Etim, Edward, Agbo Omudu, Ikaiddi, Anthony Asukwo
Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) remains critical for achieving viral suppression and reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-burden settings such as Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. This study assessed the level of HAART adherence and its associated predictors among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy in Akwa Ibom State. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed among 200 PLHIV accessing HIV care services in selected ART-supported health facilities across Akwa Ibom State. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. HAART adherence was assessed using a four-day recall method. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondents’ characteristics, while chi-square tests were conducted to determine associations between HAART adherence and selected patient-related, socio-cultural, and health-system factors at a significance level of p < 0.05. The study found that 79.5% of respondents were adherent to HAART, a level below the World Health Organization recommended threshold of ≥95%. HIV status disclosure (χ² = 9.21; p = 0.002), family support (χ² = 6.74; p = 0.009), and use of medication reminders (χ² = 18.63; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with better adherence. Conversely, fear of stigma (χ² = 11.84; p = 0.001) and long clinic waiting times (χ² = 13.02; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with non-adherence. Forgetfulness, treatment fatigue, and health-system barriers were identified as major challenges to optimal adherence. In conclusion, HAART adherence among PLHIV in Akwa Ibom State is moderately high but remains suboptimal. Adherence is influenced by an interplay of patient-related, socio-cultural, and health-system factors. Strengthening adherence counselling, promoting safe disclosure, integrating family and digital reminder support, reducing clinic waiting times, and intensifying anti-stigma interventions are essential for improving treatment outcomes and achieving sustained viral suppression in Akwa Ibom State.
Kevin Opondo Okoth, Prof. John Ndikaru wa Teresia
The current modernity is largely defined by urbanization, which is characterized by rural to urban migration that has put pressure on urban spaces in terms of housing and amenities. One of the upshots of this development is the increase in crime rates, which disproportionately affect residents living in the informal settlements within the urban areas. This study looked at the prevalence of youth criminality in Kibera slum in Nairobi County. The study sought to understand the most prevalent types of crimes committed by youths in the slum and the socio-economic factors that contribute to those criminal activities. The study also examined how gangs and peer pressure influence youth involvement in criminal activity in Kibera and, the extent the existing programs in Kibera were effective in preventing youth crime. The social disorganization theory and the social learning theory informed the understanding of how the key variables in the study relate, subsequently guiding the suitability of the recommended intervention. The study adopted the mixed methods approach in collecting and analyzing data in which questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used. A quantitative sample of 100 respondents was determined using stratified sampling and simple random sampling and was engaged through the self-administered questionnaires. A qualitative sample of 30 participants was determined using purposive sampling and was engaged through the semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics whereas the qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The study found that youth in the Kibera slum are pushed into crime by economic hardships since they are compelled to find alternative ways of earning a living. The key driver of youth criminality in Kibera included poverty, lack of education, unemployment, peer pressure, and gang influence. The most prevalent criminal activities amongst the youth include petty theft, fights, and drug-related activities, which they engage in for survival rather than intent. Gang involvement was rather less common amongst the youth, even though insecurity remained a major concern to them with many of them feeling unsafe in their neighborhood.
Azeez, Taofeekat Oyindamola, Dosunmu-Adebola Rasaq Oluwashikemi, Fadahunsi, Ayinde Olusegun, Hammed Olawale Gazal
The study was conducted to assess the impact of prism project management methodology on economy sustainability of construction firms in Lagos state. Survey research design was adopted for this study with the aids of structured questionnaire. Data were collected from a proportional stratified sample of 57 construction firms and 246 clients of those firms respectively. These firms were registered with Lagos Chamber of Commerce. The data collected instrument was validated using both content and construct validity, while the reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha which was achieved at α = 0.8. Multiple Regression analysis was used for the data analysis. The findings revealed that, there was a significant relationship (R2 = 0.580; p<0.05) between commitment and accountability, ethics and decision-making power and integration and transparency and economic sustainability of construction firms. From the findings of the study, it was also discovered that prism project methodology could help to overcome budget, time, stakeholder and contracting challenges that could allow construction firms to suffer and record significant economic losses. The study recommended among others that construction firms should align PRISM methodology to core strategy of their firms in order to enhance their economy sustainability. The study has been able to establish the significant relationship between prism methodology and economic sustainability of construction firms in Lagos State and further show the extent of contribution of the independent variable to the dependent variable
Abeynaike S.W, Wickramanayake W.M.Y.S
In recent years, the concern for data protection has moved beyond being a mere technical matter to becoming a legally enforceable obligation that requires timely and responsive actions by modern legal discourse; especially given the current rate of digitalization and use of artificial intelligence, coupled with increasing cross border data movements. Hence, this research aims to evaluate the current state of the EU and Sri Lanka's data protection legal frameworks with respect to their effect on economic development. Thus, this research focuses primarily on identifying and evaluating the legal and structural shortcomings of Sri Lanka's Personal Data Protection Act No. 09 of 2022 (PDPA) as significant legislation that represents a significant step forward. Furthermore, this research evaluates the impact of interconnected phenomena such as globalization, privatization and competition on the governance of personal data and privacy within increasingly digitalized and competitive markets. By using a qualitative desktop research approach, the research utilizes both primary and secondary sources including legislation, academic literature, policies, and online resources to compare the data protection regimes of the EU and Sri Lanka in order to examine the implications of developing issues associated with artificial intelligence. Ultimately, the goal of this research is to provide a detailed understanding of the current state of data protection law and its economic impact, while providing practical and contextually appropriate recommendations to address the identified shortcomings of the PDPA through lessons learned from the European Union's GDPR in order to improve Sri Lanka's digital economy and promote sustainable economic growth.
Daryl I. Quinito, Syra S. Narido
This study investigated the professional development practices of teachers and their implications for literacy leadership and instructional management competence. It focused on training, peer collaboration, educational research, and mentorship, and examined their relationships with literacy leadership and instructional management competence. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving 261 public elementary teachers from Vinzons District. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. Results showed that training (M=3.56) and peer collaboration (M=3.49) were always practiced, mentorship programs (M=3.05) were frequently practiced, while educational research (M=2.12) was rarely practiced. Professional development practices had strong positive implications for literacy leadership (M=3.58–3.64) and instructional management competence (M=3.52–3.63). Significant correlations were found between professional development practices and both literacy leadership (r=.184–.504, p<.01) and instructional management competence (r=.192–.478, p<.01), with training and mentorship showing the strongest associations. The study concludes that while teachers are consistent in training and collaboration, engagement in research remains limited. Professional development contributes significantly to both literacy leadership and instructional management competence, but areas such as inclusivity, curriculum planning, and external linkages need further support. To address these gaps, the study recommends structured Continuous Professional Development (CPD), stronger mentoring, institutionalized peer learning communities, and the SPARK (Sustaining Professional Advancement and Research Knowledge of Literacy Leaders) Program to enhance teachers’ research capability.
Akomolehin F. Olugbenga, Aluko, Olufemi Rufus
This paper examines the role of risk hedging instruments in mobilizing foreign direct investment (FDI) for infrastructure development in emerging economies, focusing on Francophone West Africa over the period 2018–2025. Persistent infrastructure deficits in the region are exacerbated by heightened political, regulatory, institutional, and macroeconomic risks, which continue to deter long-term private capital. Within this context, the study assesses how structured risk mitigation mechanisms—particularly political risk insurance, credit guarantees, and blended finance arrangements—influence investor behaviour, project bankability, and infrastructure delivery in fragile settings. Using a review-based methodology, the paper integrates insights from Transaction Cost Economics, Institutional Theory, and the Risk–Return Trade-Off Framework to explain investment decision-making under uncertainty. These theoretical perspectives are complemented by illustrative case studies from Côte d’Ivoire (Azito Power Expansion Project), Senegal (Taiba Ndiaye Wind Farm), and Burkina Faso (Zagtouli Solar Project), highlighting diverse applications of de-risking instruments across varying institutional environments. The findings indicate that risk hedging instruments significantly enhance investor confidence and project viability when embedded within supportive regulatory frameworks, strong institutional capacity, and effective supranational coordination. However, their effectiveness is highly context-specific, with superior outcomes observed where risk mitigation is aligned with robust public–private partnerships and coherent state–market collaboration. The study contributes policy-relevant insights for strengthening risk mitigation frameworks and advancing sustainable, FDI-led infrastructure development in fragile economies.
Ahmad Che Yaacob
Islam is new to Japan and little research has been done about Islam in Japan mainly because of its small Muslim population. In recent survey, the population of Muslim in Japan is around 230,000 compared to the total population of Japan of 126 million. The accurate number of Muslim is unknown because Japan consider religion as a private matter and there is no compulsion to declare one’s belief in the registration. Most of the Japanese is ignorance about Islam despite the bad images shown by the media. In recent years, Islam is growing with the establishment of new mosque and halal restaurants. To date there are 113 mosques throughout Japan, compared to only 15 in 1999. However, most of the mosques are built by the foreigners without local architecture. Therefore, it lacks the local interest for the Japanese sees Islam as for the immigrants. Thus, it is timely to build a new mosque with Japanese architecture and culture. This paper aims to elucidate the history and development of Islam in Japan. Also, the paper analyses the empowerment of commendable infaq or waqaf as an instrument to promote dakwah in Japan. It is hope that the paper would be able to propagate Islam as an emerging religion in Japan, and to create better awareness for the Muslims to contribute funds in term of waqaf to build a new mosque in Osaka Japan with Japanese architecture and culture.
Anrilia Ema Mustikawati Ningdah, IGAA Noviekayati, Nadia Chusnulhasana
The aim of this research is to determine the psychological dynamics that arise in homosexual actors. In this research, case study methodology was combined with qualitative methods. This research involved three gay individuals who declared themselves homosexual. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were the main method of data collection, with field observations as additional data. The findings showed that the three participants felt satisfied after being gay. In the past, these people believed that their depression stemmed from fear of revealing their sexual identity. This is shown by a closed attitude towards other people, a hostile atmosphere, and unkind thoughts towards other people
Abou Khan, Abubakar FARUK
ABSTRACT This study examines The Gambia’s public financial management (PFM) system and its influence on accountability within the public service sector. A sample of 330 was determined from a population of 1850 with the aid of Yamane (1964) sample determination formula. Using a quantitative approach, the research assessed the effects of PFM practices on the efficiency and accountability in The Gambia public service. Findings showed that enhanced PFM practices, especially in revenue collection, expenditure control, and internal auditing, were found to significantly improve accountability. The adoption of the Treasury Single Account (TSA) and centralized financial reporting systems emerged as critical mechanisms for promoting fiscal discipline and improving service delivery efficiency. Hypothesis testing confirmed that budget transparency, tax efficiency, internal audit capacity, and debt sustainability positively influence service delivery. PFM practices were also shown to significantly enhance accountability, although expenditure controls exhibited no direct effect. High public debt and weak tax administration were identified as major constraints to effective PFM reform. The study concludes that improving transparency, enhancing tax efficiency, and strengthening audit capacity are crucial for advancing service delivery and accountability in The Gambia.
Alberta Attaa Amakyewaa, Nicholas Ampofo, Stephen Baffoe
Aim: This study examines the effectiveness of public procurement reform in managing financial resources in the education sector of Ghana. Study Design: Descriptive–explanatory survey research design. Place and Duration of Study: Ten selected secondary schools in Kumasi, Ghana with collection of primary data in 2025. Interpretation and discussion are aligned with contemporary public procurement and public financial management frameworks. Methodology: Structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data from 85 purposively selected respondents, which included Procurement officers, Accountants, Administrators, suppliers and contractors, with 70 completing and returning. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) supported by tables and figures. Interviews were also conducted to obtain further explanation from some selected respondents. Results: The findings reveal improved procedural compliance and expenditure control following procurement reform; however, transparency practices remain inconsistent, single sourcing is widely used, supplier payments are significantly delayed, and value for money and cost savings are not fully achieved. Conclusion: Public procurement reform in the educational sector of Ghana has strengthened control and accountability mechanisms but has not translated into optimal efficiency and economic outcomes. Targeted institutional and managerial reforms are required to enhance transparency, competition, payment discipline, and value-for-money outcomes in the educational institutions.
Benjamin Odigwe, Joseph Odia, Sunday Eze Amakodi
The study examined quality of work life as a determinant of employees’ commitment to Local Government Councils in Edo Central Senatorial District, Nigeria. It specifically examined the extent to which job security, competency development, and work life balance determine employees’ commitment to local government councils. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 1725 local government employees. Using Taro Yamane formulae of sample size determination, 325 local government employees were sampled. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were jointly adopted to collect the sample size. A structured questionnaire which was validated by measurement and evaluation experts was used for data collection, and the reliability of the instrument was determined with test re-test which yielded a coefficient of 0.85. 325 copies of the questionnaires were administered, and 286 copies were accurately filled and retrieved. Data collected was analyzed with Mean and z-test statistics. Analysis of the data collected revealed that quality of work life to a very high extent determined employees’ commitment to local government council, as there was no significant difference in the mean scores of respondents on the extent to which job security, competency development, and work life balance determine employees’ commitment. Thus, it was concluded that quality of work life generally determines the commitment of employees to organizations. Thus, it was recommended that: organizations should align with national policies like the new National Employment Policy, which emphasizes decent work, and social dialogue to ensure job security; organizations should Develop a training plan linked directly to organizational goals, addressing current and future skill needs to boost employees’ competence; and organizations should properly execute flexible work arrangements and family-friendly support to ensure work life balance.
Nur Syuhada Jasni
Theory and practice in corporate finance education are often disconnected. Prior research on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in finance holds some potential, but the evidence for the influence of experiential, data-driven tasks on students’ conceptual understanding and data literacy remains under investigated. The study adopted Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory and analyzed a PBL project using 59 accounting students representing equity analysts at a Malaysian public university to implement the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) on actual Bursa Malaysia event data. The study is qualitative in design. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise student endorsement of the project, and written reflections collected over five months in 2024 were analysed thematically. Two research questions guided the analysis: (1) how the project shapes students’ understanding of EMH and related corporate finance concepts; and (2) how it influences students’ data literacy, including their use of spreadsheets to analyse and interpret investment outcomes. Results demonstrate strong support for the intervention, with 91.5% of students recommending the project for future cohorts. Six themes were identified: authentic relevance, improved analytical skills and data-handling, theory-to-practice transfer, increased self-confidence and decision-making, stronger communication and collaboration, and perceived deficits in instructional scaffolding. Results show that a systematic interaction with real market data deepens conceptual understanding and enhances the competence of the quantitative evidence used, making visible the design features that can be improved. The study introduces an EMH-based PBL model for corporate finance modules and proposes design protocols for finance educators desiring to cultivate both technical proficiency and workplace skills through experiential techniques.
Abang Azlan Mohamad, Gao Liu, May-Chiun Lo
This study examines the influence of role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload on affective, continuance, and normative commitment among contract-based university lecturers in Jiangsu Province, China. While role stressors are traditionally viewed as detrimental to employee well-being, this study proposes that, under specific academic and cultural conditions, they may positively reinforce organizational commitment. Drawing on Role Theory, Organizational Commitment Theory, and the Job Demands–Resources Model, a structural equation modeling approach (SmartPLS 4.0) was used to analyze data from 305 valid responses. Results indicate that all three role stressors significantly and positively affect the three dimensions of commitment, suggesting that complex academic roles can serve as motivational challenges when supported by institutional frameworks. These findings contribute to a contextualized understanding of stressor–commitment relationships in non-tenured academic settings and offer implications for role management, performance appraisal, and contract policy reforms in higher education institutions.
Charles Dickson Usen
The digital transformation of tax administration is fundamentally altering the exercise of governmental taxing authority. Rather than reviewing tax returns retrospectively, revenue authorities are increasingly monitoring taxpayers in real time through data sharing, embedded regulatory rules, and algorithmic surveillance. As the IRS advances toward “Tax Administration 3.0,” supported by increased funding and artificial intelligence tools, procedural protections developed in the twentieth century are becoming increasingly inadequate.
Wynand Goosen
The idea that Earth functions as a “prison planet” governed by hostile or parasitic intelligences, often framed in contemporary esotericism as Archons harvesting human emotional energy (“loosh”) through cycles of reincarnation, has become increasingly prominent in modern metaphysical and digital spiritual cultures. This article offers an academic, investigative analysis of this worldview, grounding it in the classical Gnostic concept of Archontic rulers, exploring its development through Theosophy, occultism, and New Age cosmologies, and situating it within current psychological, sociological, and cultural contexts. Drawing on scholarship in comparative religion, depth psychology, critical theory, and cultural semiotics, the article suggests that the prison-planet narrative functions not as a literal cosmology but as a powerful cultural metaphor for experiences of alienation, suffering, emotional extraction, and perceived systemic control. The persistence of Archonic themes reflects enduring human concerns about autonomy, embodiment, authority, and existential purpose, revealing a resonant symbolic system through which individuals interpret power, suffering, and the structure of reality.
Professor Wynand Goosen
The idea that Earth functions as a “prison planet” governed by hostile or parasitic intelligences, often framed in contemporary esotericism as Archons harvesting human emotional energy (“loosh”) through cycles of reincarnation, has become increasingly prominent in modern metaphysical and digital spiritual cultures. This article offers an academic, investigative analysis of this worldview, grounding it in the classical Gnostic concept of Archontic rulers, exploring its development through Theosophy, occultism, and New Age cosmologies, and situating it within current psychological, sociological, and cultural contexts. Drawing on scholarship in comparative religion, depth psychology, critical theory, and cultural semiotics, the article suggests that the prison-planet narrative functions not as a literal cosmology but as a powerful cultural metaphor for experiences of alienation, suffering, emotional extraction, and perceived systemic control. The persistence of Archonic themes reflects enduring human concerns about autonomy, embodiment, authority, and existential purpose, revealing a resonant symbolic system through which individuals interpret power, suffering, and the structure of reality.
Dr. Faisal Abdirahman Abdullahi
Firms in fragile economies face persistent challenges arising from institutional weaknesses, capital constraints, and market volatility, which often limit the effectiveness of conventional diversification strategies. In response, many organizations adopt replacement strategies renewing productive capacity, reselling non-core assets, and recycling existing resources as pragmatic approaches to sustain financial performance. This study investigates the impact of such strategies on the financial performance of companies in the Puntland State of Somalia. Anchored in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and guided by a positivist philosophy, the research employed a descriptive-explanatory design. Data was collected from 160 department heads across 53 firms in Puntland, representing telecommunications, banking, construction, manufacturing, trading, and accommodation sectors. Structured questionnaires on a five-point Likert scale were used to measure replacement strategies and financial performance, assessed through indicators including Return on Assets (ROA), revenue growth, liquidity, and cost efficiency. Analysis conducted using SPSS version 28, applying descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multivariate regression, revealed that capacity renewal and resource recycling exert significant positive effects on profitability, asset utilization, and revenue growth. Conversely, asset resale strategies enhanced short-term liquidity but had limited influence on long-term profitability when applied in isolation. The study concludes that replacement strategies can meaningfully enhance firm performance in fragile economies when strategically aligned and supported by managerial capability. It recommends that firms prioritize capacity renewal and resource recycling, while policymakers strengthen institutional frameworks to maximize the effectiveness of these strategies.
Genanew Jemberu Engida
This study explores the multifaceted challenges faced by female-headed households in sub-Saharan Africa and examines the strategies they employ to cope with these difficulties. In many African societies, household leadership has traditionally been assigned to men due to entrenched cultural norms and gender roles. However, the number of female-headed households has been steadily increasing as a result of widowhood, divorce, marital separation, conflict, and male labor migration. Despite their growing prevalence, these households often remain socially and economically marginalized. Female-headed households frequently face significant challenges, including persistent poverty, limited access to stable employment, restricted land and property rights, and inadequate institutional and social support. In addition to economic constraints, female household heads often shoulder disproportionate parenting and caregiving responsibilities, which can intensify psychological stress and reduce opportunities for income generation. These vulnerabilities are further exacerbated during broader crises such as economic downturns, health emergencies, and climate-related shocks. Using a qualitative research approach and document analysis, the study reviews secondary data drawn from 13 sub-Saharan African countries. The findings reveal that female-headed households experience what can be described as triple adversity: economic hardship, heavy parenting burdens, and heightened vulnerability to structural and external crises. Guided by a social constructivist paradigm, the study highlights how these challenges vary across contexts and how women adapt through diverse coping mechanisms shaped by social, cultural, and institutional environments. Overall, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the systemic and structural factors affecting female-headed households and underscores the urgent need for targeted, gender-sensitive policies and support systems to enhance their resilience and well-being
Jasni Sulong, Samihah Hanim Mohamad
Despite the growing importance of Shariah compliance in Islamic finance, existing research on corporate governance through Shariah compliance remains fragmented across disciplines, jurisdictions, and methodological approaches, limiting theoretical integration and practical applicability. This study aims to systematically review and synthesise the literature on corporate governance through the lens of Shariah compliance by employing an AI-assisted systematic review approach. Using Scopus AI, the review was conducted on 25 September 2025 and involved structured analysis through AI-generated summaries, expanded summaries, concept mapping, and emerging theme detection. The findings reveal that Shariah compliance functions as a substantive governance mechanism that strengthens board effectiveness, internal controls, transparency, risk management, and stakeholder trust in Islamic financial institutions and Shariah-compliant firms. The review further demonstrates that corporate governance through Shariah compliance is underpinned by an integrated theoretical framework combining agency, stewardship, and stakeholder theories, enriched by Islamic jurisprudential principles. Emerging themes indicate a shift toward sustainability-oriented governance, ESG integration, and technology enabled Shariah compliance, including blockchain and artificial intelligence applications. The study contributes theoretically by advancing a values-based governance paradigm and practically by offering insights for regulators, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to enhance ethical governance and sustainable finance. These findings highlight the evolving role of Shariah compliance as both a governance mechanism and a strategic capability in contemporary corporate governance.
Arushi Arora, Dr. Simran Kaur Batra
This paper explores the social and psychological impact of relationship slang used by Generation Z, examining how terms like “situationship,” “ghosting,” and “breadcrumbing” are changing the way young people approach romance. These slang terms reflect more fluid and less committed relationship structures, allowing for easier emotional regulation, boundary-setting, and detachment in a culture where direct and instant communication is highly valued. The paper looks at the psychological effects of these terms, suggesting they help people navigate complex emotions without the need for formal confrontation, often as a response to the pressures of modern digital dating. Additionally, the study considers the broader cultural impact of this shift in language, showing how these terms mirror generational attitudes toward romance, commitment, and personal expression. The integration of these terms into pop culture and media has helped solidify their place in modern conversations about relationships. Drawing on sociological and psychological theories, the paper explores whether these changes in language are temporary trends or part of a larger, more permanent shift in romantic norms. Finally, the paper highlights areas for future research, particularly in examining how Gen Z’s relationship slang may evolve as they enter longer-term relationships, marriage, or parenthood.
Ms. Maria Kristina C. Ortiz, Ms. Resttine Joy A. Robrigado RAgr
Rice farming is a critical agricultural activity that sustains millions of people worldwide, especially in Asia, which produces around 90% of the global rice output. Countries like the Philippines remain significant rice producers but still depend heavily on imports due to challenges such as labor costs, inconsistent rainfall, land management, and limited government support (PhilRice, 2018). Improving domestic rice production is vital for food security, livelihood, and economic stability in these countries. In the Philippines, the Registry System for Basic Sectors in Agriculture (RSBSA) was developed as a comprehensive database of farmers, fisherfolk, and farm laborers. It serves as a targeting mechanism for government programs and support services aimed at improving agricultural productivity and farmer welfare. Despite the importance of RSBSA in delivering timely assistance and fostering agricultural development, the awareness and access to these support services among rice farmers at the local level, such as in Ajuy, Iloilo, remain underexplored (Assessment of Targeting and Financing Aspects of RSBSA-AIP, 2024). Rice farmers' awareness of the Registry System for Basic Sectors in Agriculture (RSBSA) is generally positive, with many farmers understanding its purpose and learning about it mainly through barangay officials; however, some farmers face barriers such as distance and limited access to social media, which affects their access to support services linked to the RSBSA. The significance of RSBSA for farmers lies in its role as a crucial policy tool for delivering agricultural benefits, assistance, and interventions, which help improve their productivity, access to government support, and overall welfare in the agricultural sector (Reyes & Gloria, 2017; Reario, 2024). Existing research points to challenges faced by rice farmers in accessing agricultural support and extension services. Many farmers are aware of programs but have limited participation or access to training and incentives. Moreover, while data from RSBSA assist in policy formulation, there is a research gap regarding how well rice farmers in specific communities understand and utilize this system and the support services linked to it (PhilRice 2018; Assessment of Targeting and Financing, 2024). This study aims to bridge this gap by assessing the awareness of rice farmers in Ajuy, Iloilo, toward the RSBSA and their access to related support services. Understanding farmers' knowledge and engagement with these systems is crucial in designing better outreach, enhancing program coverage, and ultimately improving rice farming productivity and sustainability at the local level.
Abang Azlan Mohamad, Gao Liu, May-Chiun Lo
This study investigates the impact of role stressors, role ambiguity, role overload, and role conflict on job stress among contract-based university lecturers in Jiangsu Province, China, with job insecurity serving as a mediating variable. Drawing on role theory, job stress theory, and the extended Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model, the research examines the psychological mechanisms through which stressors affect employee well-being. The sample size consisted of 305 valid respondents, who were retrieved using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that all three role stressors significantly increase job insecurity, which in turn strongly predicts job stress. Mediation analysis confirms that job insecurity fully mediates the effect of each role stressor on job stress. These findings provide empirical support for the theoretical framework and offer actionable insights for academic institutions. The study highlights the need for clearer role expectations and enhanced employment security to mitigate stress and support faculty well-being in higher education.
Doreen Khrystel P. Gonzales, Edna B. Nabua
Genetics and genetic disorders are persistently challenging for senior high school students because of their abstract concepts, entrenched misconceptions about chromosome behavior, and difficulties in understanding meiosis and inheritance patterns. This quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test study examined the effectiveness of guided inquiry-based learning (IBL) worksheets in improving Grade 11 students’ academic performance in genetics competencies in public secondary schools in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Philippines. Two intact classes (N = 57; ages 16–18) participated and were exposed to researcher-developed IBL worksheets aligned with Department of Education standards. The instructional materials incorporated contextualized case studies on Down syndrome and scaffolded prompts that guided learners through hypothesis formulation, data interpretation, and reflective reasoning. Pre-test results indicated generally low proficiency across genetics competencies, with item-level correct response rates ranging from 37.50% to 75.00%. Post-test results demonstrated a modest but statistically significant improvement in achievement. Analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed a significant increase in students’ scores (Z = 6.032, p < 0.001), suggesting that the structured inquiry approach effectively supported conceptual understanding within Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development. The findings indicate that guided IBL worksheets are cost-effective and scalable instructional tools for resource-constrained educational contexts, with potential to reduce misconceptions in genetics. However, the results are limited by the short intervention period and the localized sample, warranting further longitudinal and multi-site investigations.
Rathnapriya Samitha Pothupitiya
This study explored the conversational discourse employed by online scammers through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), with the principal aim of elucidating how linguistic and stylistic features construct asymmetrical power relations and facilitate the victimization of individuals in digital environments. Drawing on Fairclough’s (2013) three-dimensional framework and van Dijk’s (2008) socio-cognitive approach to discourse and power, the study analyses authentic WhatsApp interactions collected via virtual ethnography. Virtual ethnography was selected to capture naturalistic discourse, using an ethical measure of a covert, responsiveparticipant role. This approach involves deception of human subjects, the absence of informed consent, potential emotional harm to participants (scammers), and the researcher’s own risk of vicarious trauma. These dilemmas were systematically addressed through institutional ethics review, strict harm-minimisation protocols, and ongoing psychological supervision, aligning the study with consequentialist justifications that prioritise public benefit in preventing widespread harm to future victims. Three pseudonymised case participants' discourses were analysed across three recurrent discursive strategies: constructing narratives of extreme urgency, performing accelerated declarations of love, and fabricating backgrounds of tragic isolation and bereavement. The findings reveal how specific linguistic features—high-modality vulnerability markers, exclusive-we pronouns, sequential emotional entrapment cycles, and deliberate omission of perceptual detail—systematically invert traditional power hierarchies, commodify empathy, and exploit global economic and cultural inequalities. In the unverifiable context of digital spaces, these features transform everyday language into a potent instrument of ideological domination and financial dispossession. By exposing micro-level linguistic mechanisms through which power and inequality are enacted in cyber fraud, the study contributes original insights to critical discourse studies, forensic linguistics, and digital criminology, while underscoring the urgent need for linguistically informed prevention strategies and policy interventions.
Arihasnida Ariffin, Salmie Ramli
Creative teaching plays a vital role in enhancing the quality of mathematics instruction. However, the implementation of creative teaching practices remains inconsistent, as some teachers continue to rely on traditional methods and display limited confidence in applying creative instructional strategies. Previous studies have identified teachers’ self-efficacy as a key factor influencing their willingness and ability to adopt creative instructional strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether self-efficacy significantly predicts creative teaching practices among primary school mathematics teachers. A quantitative survey design was employed, involving 377 mathematics teachers in primary schools selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire comprising two main constructs: teachers’ self-efficacy, measured with the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES), and creative teaching, assessed with an adapted instrument based on Torrance’s four components of creativity. Data were analysed using descriptive, Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. The results showed a significant positive relationship between teacher self-efficacy and creative teaching, and self-efficacy significantly predicted creative teaching, F(1, 375) = 349.16, p < .001, r = .69. This study suggests that strengthening teachers’ self-efficacy is crucial for promoting creative teaching practices and enhancing the quality of mathematics instruction at the primary school level. This can be supported through continuous professional development that provides teachers with opportunities to practise innovative instructional strategies, reflect on classroom experiences, and receive ongoing instructional support.
Herdzawani Hadifah Huzali, Nor Fatin Abdul Jabar
This study meticulously examines the racial and cultural ramifications associated with Thailand’s 2013 Dunkin’ Donuts “Charcoal Donut” advertisement, which incited international indignation due to its visual resemblance to blackface. This study utilizes Fairclough’s Three-Dimensional Model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to investigate the visual representation of race and identity, and the ways in which these representations either uphold or challenge dominant social constructs. Data were obtained from the advertisements and augmented by secondary sources, including international news reports, scholarly analyses, and audience reactions on social media. The analysis shows that the advertising uses language that is both inclusive and nationalistic, but its visual design focuses on light-skinned images and follows traditional Thai beauty standards for colourists. Audience views show a difference between how people in different cultures saw the picture: some thought it was stylish or original, while others thought it was racist because it used blackface. At the macro social practice level, the advertisement reinforces the concept of "Thainess," which promotes unity and a shared identity while obscuring the systemic disadvantages experienced by ethnic minorities. The study contributes to the existing academic discourse on global advertising by illustrating how multicultural narratives are selectively adapted to align with local contexts, thereby negotiating and normalizing prevailing power dynamics. It emphasizes the importance of culturally informed and ethically sound representation methods in international marketing.
Jhie Ann B. Santiago
The Assistance to Individuals in Crisis Situation ( AICS) program is a critical social protection initiative, yet empirical research on its service quality and beneficiary satisfaction at the local level remains scarce. This study employed a descriptive quantitative research design to assess the AICS program’s service quality and satisfaction levels among 300 beneficiaries in the municipality of Ajuy, Iloilo. The demographic profile con-firmed the program's focus, with 76% of recipients having a monthly income of ₱10,000 or less and the ma-jority seeking medical assistance. The study utilized the SERVQUAL dimensions to measure quality, re-vealing an overall rating of good to very good. Specifically, the intangible dimensions—empathy, assurance, and responsiveness—were consistently rated highest as very good across all demographic groups. This finding suggests that beneficiaries strongly appreciate the staff's caring attitude, competence, and prompt service. Conversely, tangibility and reliability received lower, though still positive, good ratings, indicating potential opportunities for minor improvements in physical facilities and service consistency. Overall beneficiaries were satisfied regardless of age, sex, or assistance type, though educational assistance delivery lagged slightly behind the highly-rated medical and burial services. The AICS program is largely successful, driven by its strong interpersonal service. The study recommends implementing targeted, equity-centered improvements focusing on tangible facilities and standardized delivery timelines to boost reliability and further enhance the program's sustained effectiveness.
Elinami Godlove Nassari
The study examined women-specific barriers hindering women’s representation in Local government electoral seats in Tanzania focusing on Dar es Salaam City Council (DCC). The study involved a sample of 174 respondents selected using strata-random and purposive sampling techniques. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics through SPSS and results presented in frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data were analyzed using themes and results are presented through narration and using quotes from interviews and FGDs. The findings show that the women-specific barriers which include; inadequate awareness, lack of time and readiness for political activities, insufficient education. The study concluded that women specific barriers have become prevalent in the path to women progress to political and representation positions. The barriers have brought negative repercussion to both women and the society as a whole in various social and economic arenas. Furthermore, the study suggests potential areas for future gender focused research studies on social, economic, and cultural barriers costarring effective women representation in local government electoral seats.
Awuraba Efua Mills
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) are widely recognised as critical drivers of employment creation in developing economies. In Ghana, SMEs dominate the private sector and account for a substantial proportion of total employment; nonetheless, unemployment—particularly among young people and tertiary graduates— remains persistently elevated. This study interrogates the apparent paradox of expanding SME activity alongside sustained high unemployment in Ghana. Employing a quantitative descriptive survey design, data were collected from 400 SMEs across the Greater Accra, Ashanti, and Central Regions to assess the employment contribution of SMEs and to identify structural constraints on their labour absorptive capacity. Chi-square analysis indicates that SMEs exert a statistically significant effect on employment generation. However, the predominance of micro-enterprises, low employment intensity, skills mismatches between labour supply and SME demand, and the prevalence of unstable or precarious forms of employment collectively limit the sector’s broader potential to reduce unemployment. The study concludes that, although SMEs constitute an indispensable component of Ghana’s labour market architecture, their capacity to contribute meaningfully to unemployment reduction is contingent on structural economic transformation, improved alignment between education and labour market skills requirements, and the implementation of targeted, context-specific policy interventions.
Charles MULI, Elizabeth Mukai, James Katiti, Regina Muthusi
People living with HIV (PLHIV) face high healthcare needs, yet many lack financial protection. Kenya’s Social Health Authority (SHA) insurance program was established to improve access and reduce out-of-pocket costs for vulnerable groups including PLHIV. However, uptake of SHA among PLHIV has remained suboptimal in some regions, limiting the benefits of HIV care programs. This study examined the extent of SHA uptake among PLHIV in Machakos Sub-County and identified factors influencing enrollment. A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted with 386 PLHIV in public health facilities. Quantitative data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed for associations between SHA enrollment and socio-demographic factors using chi-square tests and logistic regression. Qualitative interviews with key informants explored barriers to utilization. SHA enrollment was 81.4% (314/386). Uptake was significantly higher among participants with greater socioeconomic resources including higher education, formal employment, and middle-income levels (p<0.01). For example, 94.7% of formally employed PLHIV were enrolled vs. 58.2% of unemployed (p<0.001). Primary self-reported barriers to enrollment were financial constraints (34.0%) and lack of knowledge about SHA (24.0%). Qualitative findings revealed stigma and misconceptions (e.g. viewing SHA as a corrupt or “political” scheme) that discouraged some PLHIV from enrolling. Despite a relatively high coverage in this cohort, socioeconomic disparities and informational barriers limit full utilization of SHA. Targeted interventions such as premium subsidies for low-income PLHIV and community education to raise awareness are recommended to bolster insurance uptake. Strengthening SHA enrollment among PLHIV will support Kenya’s progress toward universal health coverage and improved health outcomes in this population.
Balamuralithara Balakrishnan, Li Linfang
This paper conducts a systematic analysis of research on social media recommendation algorithms within the field of journalism using bibliometric methods. The goal is to uncover research hotspots, developmental trends, and application scenarios in this area. By applying citation analysis, keyword analysis, and network structure analysis in bibliometrics, the study examines the disciplinary distribution, core themes, and research frontiers of social media recommendation algorithms in journalism. The findings show that research on recommendation algorithms in journalism primarily focuses on information dissemination and user behavior analysis, with significant impacts on news communication, social interaction, and public opinion management. This study provides theoretical support for understanding the development trajectory of recommendation algorithms in communication studies and proposes new directions for future research.
Etteudo, Grace Michael
This study investigated socio-demographic variables and nutritional practices of pregnant women in Akwa Ibom North East Senatorial District. In order to achieve this purpose, five objectives, five research questions and five null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study population comprised all 7,206 pregnant women from all the 261 primary health care centers in Akwa Ibom North East Senatorial District who registered for antenatal clinic in the health care facilities. A sample size of 400 pregnant women was used for this study. This study employed simple random sampling technique for the selection of the sample size. The instruments used for data collection was Socio-Demographic Variables and Nutritional Practices Questionnaire (SDVNPQ). The instrument was validated by three experts; two lecturers from the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education as well as one lecturer from Department of Psychological Foundations of Education. Cronbach’s Alpha Statistics was used to obtained reliability coefficient of 0.85. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The study revealed that there is a significant influence of socio-demographic variables (level of education, age, economic status, family size and religion) on nutritional practices among pregnant women in Akwa Ibom North East Senatorial District. Based on these findings, the researcher recommends among others that the Ministry of Health should enact policies and improve basic education for all womenfolk of childbearing age both at the pre (before pregnancy), during and post pregnancy (after birth), on the need for wellness practices expected of expectant womenfolk and not just focusing on the sensitizations and counseling services rendered only during Antenatal and/or postnatal care which is centered towards the pregnant women only.
Abacha, I.U, Alkali, M.I, Ibrahim, H.H, Kyari, A.U
This study examines in detail the 10-year spatio-temporal variation in rainfall, temperature, and vegetation in Maiduguri and its environs. These include determining trends in rainfall, temperature, and vegetation over the 10-year period; examining the relationships among temperature, rainfall, and vegetation; and examining the relationship between surface temperature and rainfall. A simple linear regression analysis was deployed to analyse the data. The result shows that the regression coefficient (R2) of rainfall and vegetation is said to be R2=0.494, which indicates that there is a strong relationship between rainfall and vegetation, whereby the vegetation strongly depends on the rainfall. The regression coefficient (R2) for the relationship between temperature and vegetation in Maiduguri is 0.054, indicating a weak association and suggesting that vegetation in Maiduguri is not dependent on surface temperature. The final result concerns the relationship between temperature and rainfall, with an R2 of 0.006, indicating a weak association between the variables. This suggests that rainfall in Maiduguri is independent of local temperature.
N. Gafoordeen
Labour migration has long constituted a central dimension of Sri Lanka’s external economic relations, particularly with Middle Eastern countries such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Saudi Arabia remains one of the largest destination countries for Sri Lankan migrant workers, contributing substantially to employment creation and foreign exchange inflows through remittances. This paper examines the evolution and contemporary dynamics of the Sri Lanka–Saudi Arabia manpower relationship by analyzing migration trends, remittance flows, labour market transformations, and bilateral policy frameworks. The study further explores recent developments under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 reforms, shifts in skill composition among Sri Lankan migrants, and migrant welfare initiatives. Using a mixed-methods research design that combines secondary data analysis and qualitative insights, the paper identifies persistent challenges including skill mismatches, labour rights vulnerabilities, and reintegration difficulties faced by returnee migrants. The findings highlight the need for strengthened labour governance, skills development, and bilateral cooperation to ensure sustainable and equitable manpower mobility between the two countries.
David Naya Zuure, Kingsford K. Lavoe
This paper has explored stakeholders’ perspectives on economic related interpersonal violence in Kasoa of Ghana, considering foremost, the inducers of interpersonal violence, and followed by stakeholders’ responses to the phenomenon. The paper was guided by the Human Needs theory, which elucidates to the effect that the needs of humans and the actions of others contribute in shaping human’s behavior. The qualitative research approach was deployed with case study as design. Participants in the study were drawn from three communities of Kasoa, thus; Opeikuma, Zongo and Ofaakor. Data was gathered from Assembly Members from the three communities, personnel of the Ghana Police Service, Victims of interpersonal violence, the Chair of the Municipal Security Council, and Chiefs using face-to-face interviews. The data was analysed qualitatively using the thematic approach. The findings of the paper revealed that, economic related factors such as growth in economic activities, high rate of youth unemployment, drugs abuse among the youth, dismissal of trained security personnel from service, and the desire to get rich quick syndrome among the youth induced interpersonal violence in Kasoa. It was also found that stakeholders employed security, economic, and social measures to respond to interpersonal violence in Kasoa. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the government of Ghana, through the Municipal Assembly in Kasoa, must introduce programmes and initiatives to create employment opportunities for the teeming youth. The Ghana Police Service in Kasoa must also be resourced by both government and NGOs to enable them to fight interpersonal violence.
Bianca C. Latonio, Edna B. Nabua, Eduardo R. Navalta, Hanna Lyn L. Taglorin, Isnihara U. Limbona, Mudjahid M. Abdurahman, Rey Paolo G. Micutuan, Threcia C. Poblete
This study investigated the conceptual challenges faced by Grade 12 STEM learners in mastering the electronic structure of atoms, encompassing the quantum mechanical model, energy levels, orbitals, sublevels, electron configuration, and quantum numbers. The research also examines learners’ self-efficacy in understanding these topics. A needs assessment questionnaire, validated by both subject-matter and methods experts, was administered to evaluate learners’ comprehension, alongside a self-efficacy survey to measure confidence in mastering the content. Results indicated generally low confidence among learners, with slightly higher self-assurance reported for determining magnetic properties from electron configurations (40% expressing moderate confidence). Analysis of mastery levels revealed that describing the quantum mechanical model of the atom was the least understood competency, averaging 55% mastery, while other topics—including energy levels, orbitals, sublevels, electron configuration, and quantum numbers—scored below 50%, with quantum numbers being the most poorly grasped concept. These findings underscore the need for targeted instructional interventions addressing the least understood topics and strategies to enhance learners’ confidence, thereby improving conceptual understanding in electronic structure of atoms.
, Nabil Jazli, Ahmad Fauzan, Kamarul Hawari, Ken Prameswari Caesarella Aryaputri, Mohd Saad, Rostam Affendi
Stereo matching is a fundamental technique for estimating depth from stereo image pairs, and it remains essential for object detection tasks that require accurate three-dimensional perception. This review examines classical, semi-global, and deep learning stereo frameworks, emphasizing their operational principles, strengths, and limitations. The study highlights the importance of disparity reliability for real-world applications in autonomous driving, robotics, medical imaging, agriculture, and remote sensing. Key challenges are identified, including texture ambiguity, occlusion, illumination variation, repetitive patterns, and computational burden, all of which influence the performance of stereo-based detection systems. Insights from recent literature show that advances in adaptive aggregation, transformer-based models, temporal fusion, and multi-sensor integration have improved depth stability and detection accuracy across complex environments. This review provides a consolidated understanding of stereo matching developments and outlines opportunities for designing robust, efficient, and application-aware stereo frameworks for next-generation object detectio.
Julie Ann Rolls Ayban, Mary Rose Tong, Noel Agustin, Ronnel C. De Guzman
This study aims to examine the strategic applications of professional sales management (PSM) and their influence on the competitiveness of local trading enterprises in Nueva Ecija and Zambales. It specifically investigates the extent to which market orientation, sales process efficiency, and customer relationship quality are implemented, and how these practices contribute to strategic sales planning, sales force capability, and sales digitization. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational research design was employed. Data were collected from 100 owners, managers, and key personnel of micro, small, and medium trading enterprises through structured survey questionnaires. The instrument measured core sales management indicators and competitiveness outcomes using Likert-scale items, while descriptive statistics and mean ratings were used to analyze the data.
Alida P. Casilla
This qualitative study examines the strengths of School-Based Management (SBM) implementation in Level 3–recognized public secondary schools in the Schools Division of Samar. Guided by Appreciative Inquiry, the research focused on practices that enabled these schools to achieve advanced SBM status. Data were generated through semi-structured, positively framed interviews with school heads and analyzed using thematic analysis. Six interrelated strengths emerged: (1) enhancement of academic performance, (2) active and collaborative stakeholder engagement, (3) distributed and visionary leadership, (4) transparency in school governance, and (5) empowerment for shared decision-making. Findings are interpreted through decentralization and distributed leadership theories and situated within prior empirical studies on SBM and shared governance. Results indicate that inclusive leadership structures, strong stakeholder coalitions, and transparent decisionmaking are critical conditions for sustaining effective SBM. These strengths align with the policy intent of Republic Act No. 9155 and relevant Department of Education issuances. The study provides evidence-based insights for schools seeking to strengthen SBM implementation and advance learner-centered, accountable governance.
Azwan Shaiza Nizam, Mohd Zafri Osman, Nani Rahayu Sallihudin, Nurul Nazihah Nuraddin, Sarah Mohamad Yunus, Wahiza Wahi
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in educational contexts has gained considerable attention, yet research on their application in academic oral communication remains limited. This study explores first-year undergraduate students' experiences using AI tools—specifically ChatGPT and Magic School AI—to prepare for group discussions in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) classroom at a Malaysian university. Using a quantitative survey approach, data were collected from 77 students across various academic disciplines, all at B2 CEFR proficiency level. The findings reveal overwhelmingly positive perceptions of AI usefulness (90.9% for Magic School AI; 84.4% for ChatGPT) and relevance (80.5% and 88.3% respectively). However, qualitative responses identified five critical challenges: over-reliance risks, accuracy concerns, ethical considerations, content depth limitations, and technical usability issues. This study contributes to the emerging discourse on AI integration in language learning by documenting student perspectives on AI-supported oral communication preparation in a Malaysian EAP context, offering practical insights for educators and policymakers navigating the complexities of technology-enhanced language learning.
Cuitiankuo
The high-intensity, intermittent nature of basketball often leads to significant fatigue in athletes. This study evaluates the efficacy of electrical muscle stimulation on exercise-induced fatigue recovery in basketball players through a systematic review. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Chinese and English databases (2000–2024), including experimental studies investigating the effects of EMS intervention following exercise. Results: A total of 18 studies were included. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis indicated that, compared with passive rest, EMS effectively alleviates muscle soreness, accelerates the recovery of lower limb explosive power and muscle strength, and promotes the recovery of certain blood markers (such as blood lactate). Conclusion: Current evidence supports EMS as an effective adjunct recovery method for basketball players. Future studies should focus on optimizing application parameters and exploring its long-term effects.
Bless Yayra Atisu, Dominic Tufuor
Sustainable Water Conservation as Climate Change Adaptation: A Study of Hotels and Office Buildings in Accra examines the urgent need for effective water conservation measures in the face of climate-induced water scarcity, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas. The study adopts a qualitative multiple case study approach with a sample of six hotels and three office buildings. The study was underpinned by the Norm Activation Model (NAM) and the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM), with data acquired through semi-structured interviews and thematically analysed. Findings reveal a pervasive awareness of climate change and its impact on water resources; yet many hotels and office buildings prioritize financial savings over adaptive water-conservation strategies. These facilities employ several technology and process-based water-saving measures, highlighting a preference among hotels for technological solutions, contrasted to the more customer engagement-driven techniques identified in office buildings. Financial constraints, regulations, and a lack of service providers were also noted as impediments to the greater implementation of water conservation techniques. The research provides helpful recommendations for hotels, business buildings, and policymakers. It underscores the need to align climate change awareness with pragmatic water management practices to foster sustainability and resilience in urban contexts. Further, the study underlines the need for greater research into the hurdles to implementing water conservation technologies and the long-term efficacy of established measures. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how climate consciousness can be integrated into water management practices to enhance environmental sustainability.
Ahmad Fadzli Nizam Abdul Rahman, Julia Kurniasih, Kumar Raja D R, Mohd Zaki Mas’ud, Siti Azirah Asmai, Zaheera Zainal Abidin, Zuraida Abal Abas
Generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini AI, and Claude 3, have become a trend or a must-have tool in daily operations in most organizations across various domains. This includes the rapid usage of Generative AI tools in the research domain and activities. Among the established and powerful research approaches that can understand complex systems is System Dynamics modelling and simulation. This paper aims to explore the potential of synergizing generative AI in System Dynamics and modelling simulation. The application of ChatGPT as the chosen Generative AI tool is discussed from two different categories of utilization. The first category is used solely for code generation, while the second category is utilized based on the stages in System Dynamics. Nurse supply projections, developed using System Dynamics modelling and simulation, serve as an example for exploration. Although this advanced technology can accelerate the modelling process, human intelligence is still required to validate the generated responses. In fact, this paper highlights the empowerment of human intelligence in critical thinking through the integration of generative AI tools, such as ChatGPT, in facilitating the research process.
Andy Lee Chen Hiung, Dean Nelson Mojolou, Mathew Kevin Bosi, Nelson Lajuni
The growing emphasis on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures has exposed a critical challenge: the lack of a standardized framework, particularly in emerging markets like Malaysia, leads to inconsistent reporting and impedes economic decision-making. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of 12 contemporary articles from accounting journals to analyze prevailing ESG frameworks and identify pathways toward standardization. Our analysis, focusing on articles published up to 2025, synthesizes key ESG metrics environmental (carbon, energy, waste), social (diversity, labor, community), and governance (transparency, leadership, risk) and evaluates prevalent research methodologies. The findings reveal significant variations in disclosure practices and a consensus in the literature on the need for harmonized indicators, validated weighting schemes, and industry-specific metrics. The study concludes by identifying critical research gaps in the Malaysian context and emphasizes the necessity for global, multidisciplinary collaboration to enhance comparability, ensure financial materiality, and ultimately bolster investor confidence in the capital markets.
Hamizah Ismail, Khairusy Syakirin Has-Yun Hashim, Mazlinah Ghazali, Mohammad Aizat Jamaludin, Siti Mariam Muda
Human milk banking (HMB) is widely recognised as a critical public health intervention that improves survival and health outcomes among preterm and medically vulnerable infants. However, in Muslim-majority contexts, the implementation of HMB remains ethically complex due to concerns surrounding raḍāʿah (milk kinship), lineage integrity, and long-term social implications. While existing studies have examined medical benefits, community acceptance, and isolated digital solutions, the literature remains fragmented, with limited integration between Islamic ethical principles and contemporary digital health system design.
Glarian, Fritz Don P., Meliza P. Alo, Mortiz, Nelly Rose C., Padilla, Rauiela Celine M.
This study addressed the limited understanding of how teachers experience and make sense of applying behaviorist principles in real classroom contexts, a gap often overlooked in outcome-focused research. The objective was to explore teachers’ lived experiences in using reinforcement, clear expectations, consequences, and other behaviorist strategies in classroom management. Using a phenomenological design, the researchers conducted face-to-face, open-ended interviews with seven teachers aged 30–60 from a public secondary school in Davao Region. The participants were selected through purposive sampling, consistent with phenomenological research, which emphasizes depth of experience over large sample size. Ethical protocols, including informed consent, voluntary participation, and confidentiality, were strictly observed throughout the study. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed following Creswell’s (2009) steps, involving transcription, coding, categorization, and thematic development. The analysis generated four major themes: (1) behaviorist strategies as foundations for structure, order, and motivation; (2) perceived effectiveness and limitations of these strategies; (3) challenges in implementing behaviorist approaches, especially with diverse learners; and (4) insights and realizations gained from practice. Results show that teachers heavily rely on positive reinforcement, clear routines, and consistent expectations to maintain discipline and enhance engagement. However, they also observed issues such as reward dependency, surface-level compliance, and difficulty sustaining reinforcement systems due to workload and changing learner behavior. Teachers noted that diverse cultural and socio-emotional backgrounds influence how students respond to rewards and consequences, revealing limits to one-size-fits-all approaches. Across accounts, teachers emphasized flexibility, consistency, and the integration of behaviorist strategies with relational, humanistic, and socio-emotional practices. The findings conclude that while behaviorist principles remain valuable in establishing structure and shaping desired behaviors, their effectiveness increases when combined with holistic, context-responsive approaches. Teachers’ experiences highlight the need for professional development focused on consistent implementation, culturally responsive practices, and reinforcement-fading techniques to support long-term student self-discipline.
Honey Lord D. Penton
This study examined the relationship between teachers’ pedagogical practices and students’ academic performance in science at Consuelo M. Valderrama National High School during the academic year 2025–2026. A quantitative descriptive–correlational research design was employed. Using stratified random sampling, 120 students from Grades 7–10 were selected as respondents. Teachers’ pedagogical practices were assessed using an adapted questionnaire covering course organization and planning, communication, teacher–student interaction, assignments, exams and grading, and supplementary instructional methods. Students’ academic performance was measured using official first-quarter Science grades based on the Department of Education (DepEd) K–12 grading standards.
Anuar Ahmad, Hannan Ahmad Nizar
21st Century Learning, locally known in Malaysia as Pembelajaran Abad ke-21 (PAK21), represents a paradigm shift from rote memorization toward the cultivation of communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativity (4C skills). This instructional approach aims to produce holistic students capable of navigating the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This report analyzes teacher readiness comprising knowledge, skills and attitudes for PAK21 implementation. Utilizing a document analysis of empirical studies and policy frameworks, the research explores preparedness across geographical and subject-specific contexts. Findings indicate that while teachers possess high theoretical knowledge and positive attitudes, practical skills in digital pedagogy and Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) remain moderate. Significant urban-rural infrastructure disparities persist, necessitating targeted professional development and institutional support to achieve the aspirations of the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013–2025.
Dr. Beatrice C. Chepkwony, Dr. John K. Keter, Dr. Joseph K. Bii
The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is pivotal in the successful implementation of Competency-Based Education (CBE) curriculum in Kenya. This study examined the relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy in ICT and the implementation of CBE curriculum in Public Primary Schools in Bomet County. It also sought to determine whether ICT self-efficacy predicts CBE implementation after controlling for demographic variables such as teaching experience, gender, and ICT training. As such, a descriptive correlational research design was adopted. The study sampled 200 teachers from the five sub-counties using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, with an overall reliability coefficient of 0.87 for both sections. Analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 26, including descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between teachers' self-efficacy in ICT and CBE implementation (r = 0.58, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that ICT self-efficacy significantly predicted CBE implementation (β = 0.524, p < 0.001) even after controlling for demographic factors. The study concludes that enhancing teachers’ ICT self-efficacy is crucial for effective CBE implementation. It recommends targeted ICT training, mentorship programs, and supportive institutional policies that enhance teachers’ digital confidence.
Amanpreet Kaur Gurdarshan Singh, Noor Eleena Nordin, Pavinder Kaur Girn Baldev Singh, Ruban Paul Durai, Sshivapriya Sundran
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) writing tools in higher education has generated growing debate about their influence on student learning, writing development, and academic integrity. This study explores lecturers’ perceptions of AI-assisted student writing at a private university in Perak, Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five lecturers to examine how AI tools such as ChatGPT are shaping students’ writing practices, the extent to which students rely on these technologies, and the challenges and opportunities they pose. Findings indicate that AI tools have improved students’ grammar, organization, and vocabulary, especially among those who previously struggled with language proficiency or structuring ideas. However, lecturers also observe increasing dependency on AI-generated content, insufficient understanding of the submitted work, and inconsistent citation practices. These concerns highlight broader questions about authentic learning, ethical use, and the future of academic writing instruction. The study offers insights into how universities can balance AI’s benefits with the need to maintain academic integrity and foster independent thinking, and proposes ways to integrate AI responsibly into the learning environment.
Edna Nabua, Mark Angelo Villena, Mukram Abdurahman, Sarah Mae P. Legasa
This study examined the relationship between chemistry content proficiency and technological fluency among 50 Senior High School (SHS) STEM learners at Sulangon National High School. Employing a descriptive–correlational research design with purposive sampling, the study assessed learners’ mastery of identified least mastered competencies in Gas Laws and their technological proficiency in software applications, web navigation, and online security. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient. Results revealed a mean content knowledge score of 16.95, corresponding to the Novice proficiency level (56.5% mastery), and a mean technological proficiency score of 3.00. Correlation analysis yielded a statistically significant moderate positive relationship between the variables (r = 0.589, p = 0.000006), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. The findings indicate that chemistry content proficiency and technological fluency are mutually reinforcing: a strong conceptual foundation supports effective technology use, while increased technological fluency enhances content mastery. This synergy suggests that technology may function as a cognitive catalyst, facilitating deeper conceptual understanding of abstract STEM concepts. The study recommends the systematic integration of digital tools into chemistry instruction and the prioritization of digital infrastructure to support the reciprocal development of learners’ academic and technological competencies.
Rakesh Kumar
India’s position toward the Ukraine conflict —which began in February 2022—is analyzed using both the theories of Realism and Constructivism through the lens of India's own territorial disputes —such as the dispute with China at the LAC (Line of Actual Control) and with Pakistan regarding Kashmir. This study evaluates India's diplomatic neutrality —its abstention from UN condemnation of Russia while promoting dialogue to resolve crises —as an indication of the lessons learned from its own border disputes which have led it to emphasize the resolution of disputes peacefully so that no precedent is set that may undermine its claims to territorial sovereignty. The key finding of this research demonstrates that India has maintained an equilibrium between supporting sovereignty in principle and forming pragmatic alliances to leverage the crisis to improve relations with Russia —in the context of Sino-Indian tensions. However, this posture also creates perceptions of inconsistency —because Western criticisms of Russian actions in Ukraine have raised concerns about parallels between these actions and those of China in Ladakh. This research argues that India’s response contributes to its ability to maintain a multipolar position, and to the broader debate about how internal disputes influence foreign policy in the contexts of the Global South. The implications of this research include continued calls for reform of multilateral institutions to provide equitable treatment for the issues of sovereignty. This research also illustrates the relationship between self-interest and international norms in responding to crises.
Dayakar Sidhabattula
Mathematics remains a foundational subject for scientific literacy and economic development, yet learner performance continues to be persistently low in many Sub-Saharan African education systems, including Zambia. This study employed a comparative cross-sectional mixed-methods design to examine differences in Mathematics performance between STEM and non-STEM secondary schools in Zambia’s Southern Province and to identify contextual factors influencing learner outcomes. Quantitative data were drawn from Grade 12 Mathematics examination scores of 228 learners across four secondary schools, while qualitative data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 26 Mathematics teachers and school administrators. Descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test were used to analyze performance differences, complemented by effect size estimation and confidence interval analysis, while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. Results revealed a statistically significant difference in Mathematics performance between STEM and non-STEM schools (t(195.69) = −34.76, p < .001), with STEM learners achieving higher mean scores. The estimated effect size (Cohen’s d ≈ 3.20) indicates an exceptionally large and educationally meaningful difference, far exceeding commonly reported benchmarks for high-impact educational interventions. However, selected non-STEM schools demonstrated relatively strong performance, underscoring the moderating role of effective leadership, teacher collaboration, and learner motivation. Persistent challenges across both school types included inadequate instructional resources, limited ICT infrastructure, high learner–teacher ratios, and negative learner attitudes toward Mathematics. The study concludes that while STEM designation confers substantial performance advantages, system-wide equity in resourcing and the scaling of effective institutional practices are essential for sustainable improvement in Mathematics education.
Ade Zalindro, Dessi Novita Sari, Sonya Nelson, Yuni Astuti, Zulbahri
Background. One of the learning media with the utilization of digital technology is Augmented Reality-based learning media. Objectives. This study aims to develop table tennis learning media with Augmented Reality (AR) based technology application design. Augmented Reality (AR) is the latest technology that can be a solution for educators to present innovative, informative, interesting learning, and can present virtual objects in virtual 3D in real form and presented in real time (real time), so as to present abstract concepts to be more real. Methods. This type of research is development research with Research and Development research procedures through the following stages: exploration of potential problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product trials, product revision, usage trials, product revision and mass production. Results. This study shows validation by learning design, material experts and media expert validation is 89.33%. Student responses to the use of this media in small group trials were 91.27% in very good qualifications, and large group trials were 90.67% including very good qualifications. Conclusion. Table tennis learning media based on Digital Augmented Reality Technology Application is valid, practical and efficient to be implemented at the Faculty of Sports Science at Padang State University.
Christian Nghiyoonanye Haikali, Lusia Ndateleela Kanhalelo
This study aimed to examine the effect of Government Health Expenditure (GHE) on Infant Mortality Rates (IMR) in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, focusing on four countries, namely: Botswana, Eswatini, Namibia, and South Africa. Rooted in the Grossman Theory of Health Demand and the Wagstaff Model, the research employed a quantitative, longitudinal research design using panel data from 2010 - 2022. Data was sourced from the World Bank’s development indicators and an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model was utilised to analyse this data using STATA statistical software. The findings of this study indicate that increased GHE significantly reduces IMR in the SADC region, with the results showing that a 1% increase in GHE (as % of GDP) reduces IMR by approximately 4.83 deaths per 1,000 live births. The mediating variables, namely: Maternal Education (ME) and Access to Clean Water (CW), have also shown a statistical significance in amplifying the effect of GHE on IMR in this region. Results indicate that a 1% increase in spending on each of the two mediating variables, ME and CW, resulted in reductions in IMR of 0.492 and 0.518 deaths per 1000 live births respectively. These finding support the hypotheses that GHE has a significant negative effect on IMR in the SADC region; and that both ME and CW have a significant negative effect on IMR and thus act to complement the effect of GHE on reducing IMR in the SADC region. In light of this study’s findings, the researchers therefore urge the policymakers and their respective governments in the SADC member states to ensure increased and sustained GHE; increased and sustained investment in female education; increased funding of clean water and sanitation infrastructure expansions; as well as an adoption of integrated, multi-sectoral approaches to help achieve sustainable improvements in infant health outcomes in the Southern African region.
Amir Aris, Mohd Hafiz Bakar, Nor Hazana Abdullah, Nur Haziqah Zainal Abidin, Siti Norbaya Yahaya
Experiential learning has been around for a long time and Malaysia still uses this learning system. It is because this method of learning through experience can help Generation Z to continue studying to a higher level easily. In this research, the researcher intended to study the effective ways of experiential learning in education performance among Generation Z in Malaysia. Blended learning, active learning and critical thinking is identified as effective ways of experiential learning in education performance among Generation Z in Malaysia. In addition, descriptive and explanatory studies are used in this research. This study uses a quantitative approach. Generation Z will be surveyed to collect primary data by disseminating questionnaires. Furthermore, sampling based on probability will be used to select 384 respondents. To assure data consistency, a pilot test and reliability analysis will be conducted. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) will also be used to analyze the results obtained from respondents. Based on the findings, blended learning, active learning, and critical thinking have significant relationships with the effective ways of experiential learning in education performance among Generation Z in Malaysia, and blended learning is the most effective way of experiential learning in education performance among Generation Z in Malaysia. Researchers may utilize the newly suggested conceptual framework to conduct their research or incorporate additional variables into their study.
Amirah Mustopal Kamar, Dr. Nazri Atoh
The aim of this study is to identify the effectiveness of cooperative learning in learning Arabic literature at a public university in Malaysia. The quantitative research approach, specifically a quasi-experimental design were employed. The purposive sampling technique was used involving 56 Arabic Literature students. The students were divided into two groups namely a control group that was taught using conventional learning strategies and a treatment group that was taught using cooperative learning strategies for six weeks. The scores of the students were analysed descriptively. Findings showed there was an increment in students' achievement in the treatment group with a mean score of (67.29) compared to the control group with a mean score of (49.21). Based on the findings it can be concluded that cooperative learning could be helpful in helping students to learn Arabic Literature.
Aida Husni Abdul Hamid, Han Jung Shun, Mariyati Mohd Nor, Nurul Ain Chua Abdullah, Nurul Hidayah Mat, Radhiah Ismail, Salina Husain
This study investigates the effectiveness and pedagogical appropriateness of integrating Project-Based Learning (PBL) with Industry 4.0 (IR 4.0) digital tools in enhancing Spanish vocabulary mastery among Malaysian university students. Grounded in constructivist and experiential learning theories, the study adopts a mixed-methods exploratory design employing a one-group pre–post quasi-experimental approach with embedded qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained from vocabulary pre- and post-tests as well as writing and speaking assessments linked to a video-based project, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations. Participants comprised 24 undergraduate students enrolled in a Level 3 Spanish course at a public university in Malaysia, with eight students purposively selected for the qualitative phase. Quantitative findings revealed a statistically significant improvement in vocabulary performance from pre-test to post-test, with a large effect size, indicating the strong impact of the PBL + IR 4.0 intervention. Improvements were also observed in students’ writing and speaking performance, as reflected in higher post-intervention grades. Qualitative findings further indicated positive student attitudes towards the approach, highlighting enhanced engagement, learner autonomy, digital literacy, and the development of transferable soft skills such as collaboration and time management. However, the study also identified several challenges, including unstable internet connectivity, financial constraints, unequal group participation, and unconducive home learning environments, reflecting broader digital divide issues. Overall, the findings suggest that PBL integrated with IR 4.0 tools constitutes a robust and adaptable pedagogical model for foreign language learning. The study contributes empirical evidence to the growing literature on technology-enhanced PBL and offers implications for instructional design, institutional support, and future research in digitally mediated language education.
Christian Ilcus
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of Europe's inland waterways as a sustainable transport solution, focusing on the modernization of infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and operational practices to enhance efficiency, resilience, and sustainability in the face of climate change. The research addresses several key questions: What are the current challenges facing inland waterway transport in Europe, particularly in relation to climate change? How can infrastructure modernization improve the navigability and operational efficiency of inland waterways? What role does regulatory harmonization play in facilitating cross-border cooperation among stakeholders in inland waterway transport? How can digital technologies be integrated into inland waterway operations to enhance sustainability and resilience? Finally, what best practices and innovative technologies can be adopted to support the transition to greener inland waterway transport? The study identifies significant infrastructure bottlenecks and maintenance issues that hinder the efficiency of inland waterways, exacerbated by climate-induced hydrological variability. Fragmented governance structures and inconsistent regulations across member states create barriers to effective cross-border operations and stakeholder collaboration. The integration of digital technologies, such as real-time traffic management systems and predictive analytics, is crucial for optimizing operational efficiency and reducing delays. Transitioning to low-emission vessel technologies and implementing climate-resilient infrastructure can significantly reduce the environmental impact of inland waterway transport. Enhanced participation from various stakeholders, including environmental organizations and local communities, is essential for developing adaptive governance frameworks that balance economic and ecological priorities. The research concludes that Europe's inland waterways hold significant potential as a sustainable transport solution, provided that comprehensive modernization efforts are undertaken. By addressing infrastructure deficiencies, harmonizing regulations, and leveraging digital technologies, inland waterways can enhance their operational efficiency and resilience against climate change. The study emphasizes the importance of collaborative governance and stakeholder engagement in achieving these goals, ultimately positioning inland waterways as a viable alternative to traditional road and rail transport systems in the European Union's decarbonization and sustainable mobility agenda. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how inland waterways can be revitalized to meet the growing demands for sustainable transport while addressing pressing environmental concerns.
Dipak Kadve, Gauri Lawhale, Manjusha Chaudhari, Priyanka Bhide, Vaishali Suryawanshi
The evolution of cloud computing from virtualiza- tion to serverless paradigms has transformed the way appli- cations are deployed, scaled, and managed across distributed environments. Over the years, this transformation has introduced new architectural models that focus on automation, elasticity, and efficiency. Virtual machines provided strong isolation but suffered from high overhead, while containerization improved portability and accelerated application delivery. The latest shift toward serverless computing reduces operational burden by enabling event-driven execution without manual infrastructure management. This review examines research involving serverless platforms and their integration with Network Function Virtu- alization (NFV), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), and edge computing. Studies report significant benefits such as fine-grained autoscaling, cost-efficient execution, simplified orchestration, and faster development cycles. At the same time, challenges like cold-start latency, multi-tenant performance interference, QoS variability, dependency security issues, and the risk of vendor lock-in continue to limit Overall. Existing literature suggests that combining serverless models with virtualization and container techniques can create hybrid cloud environments that deliver better performance stability, improved resource utilization, and stronger flexibility for modern, data-intensive applications.
Chantel Sepeke Malepe, Mohammed Xolile Ntshangase, Nkarhi Excellent Mathebula
In South Africa, the reintegration of adult learners is one of the most important aspects of the lifelong learning agenda. This is particularly true for rural CLCs that cater for communities that have been marginalised historically. Although the nation has made a lot of promises regarding access to education, adult learners still face complicated barriers that have a profound effect on their ability to go back to school. This qualitative case study brings to light adult learners' challenges at Mashishi Adult Learning Centre, Driekop Circuit, and tries to understand how personal experience, economic factors, institutional conditions, and psychological aspects affect their reintegration journey. The study which is grounded in Knowles’ Adult Learning Theory and Mezirow’s Transformative Learning Theory, utilized semi structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis to provide detailed and comprehensive stories. Through purposive sampling, eight learners and three educators were interviewed, whose perspectives not only reveal the adult learning space challenges but also the opportunities. It came to light that reintegration is a result of various factors that intersect such as money problems, disruption of previous schooling, taking care of the family, lack of academic confidence, and support in the institution which is not always there. At the same time, students use their determination, inner drive, study group, and teachers who encourage to continue learning. According to the study, reintegration is a multifaceted, emotional, and potentially transformative journey. The recommendations call for the support systems to be strong, pedagogies to be flexible, and resources provisioning to be improved across the CLCs.
Festus Folajimi Adegbie, Olayemi Sunday Sanya
Accounting has faced numerous challenges throughout its evolution, including resistance to standardization, gaps between theory and practice, and the need to adapt to rapidly changing technological environments. Understanding the historical development of accounting and contemporary transformations is essential for appreciating the profession's role in modern business. This literature review traces accounting's evolution through its various stages of development, examines the foundational debates about its origins, and analyzes the revolutionary changes currently reshaping the profession in the digital era. The review further explores the current dual revolution reshaping accounting: the global harmonization of financial and ESG reporting standards alongside technological disruptions driven by artificial intelligence, blockchain, and real-time data analytics. These forces are transforming accounting activities from manual processes to data-centric advisory roles, creating new skill demands and regulatory challenges. The integration of explanatory theories such as agency, legitimacy, stakeholder, and institutional theory provides a robust framework for understanding both historic developments and contemporary shifts. The review concludes with recommendations for education, professional practice, and standard-setting to address emerging complexities and ensure accounting’s continued relevance in a digital, globalized economy.
Akwashiki, Emmanuel, Nalah, Augustine Bala
Post-COVID-19 pandemic disposition of healthcare professionals regarding vaccination is influenced by fear and anxiety, beliefs concerning vaccine safety and side-effects, and confidence in governmental measures. This study examined the belief system, anxiety, and attitude towards post-COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare providers in Keffi Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and forty (140) randomly selected male and female healthcare workers, comprising twenty-four (24) medical doctors and one hundred and sixteen (116) nurses providing COVID-19 healthcare services in Federal Medical Center, Keffi, Nasarawa State, were used for the study. Three standardized instruments: (the Modified MERS-CoV Health Belief Model Scale-HBMS with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.83, COVID-19 Anxiety Scale-CAS with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of .08, and Attitude towards COVID-19 Scale with Cronbach's Alpha reliability of 0.85) were used for data collection. Statistical analysis involved the use of Pearson Correlation and independent t-test to analyze the data collected at significant level of .05. Findings of first and second hypothesis show that independently belief system (r=0.205**, df=140, p<.0001) and anxiety (r=.308**, df=140, p<.0001) has a statistically significant relationship with the attitude of healthcare workers toward COVID-19 vaccine in Federal Medical Center, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. This suggests that socio-cultural factors, including societal values, perceptions, and cultural beliefs, have a significant influence on the healthcare provider's attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Also, worry and fear of COVID-19 side effects increase the level of anxiety and attitude of healthcare providers toward the COVID-19 vaccine. The finding of the third hypothesis reveals that there was a statistically significant difference in the attitude of male and female healthcare providers towards the COVID-19 vaccine in Federal Medical Center, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria (Cal.t=3.462, df=138, P<.025). Based on the findings, it was recommended that there is a need to reduce and redistribute individual workloads, recruit new staff, provide sufficient personal protective equipment, offer financial and psychological support, and shorten shift lengths among healthcare workers.
Mohd Zaini Mustapa, Muhammad Shaheed Shammodin, Zuhairi Ahmad
The review paper investigates the impact of the flood disaster experienced by small businesses, particularly the small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. The focus was on the tangible impact of the flood disaster, such as buildings, stocks, crops or infrastructure. This is to understand how flood characteristics such as flood water depth, flood location and flood duration affect the SMEs. Review work was carried out using secondary sources obtained through online search engines, namely Google Scholar and Science Direct. The findings showed that studies on the direct impact of flooding on SMEs in Malaysia are scarce and limited to the loss of sales or production, worker issues and damages to premises and stock. In addition, the costs raised were generally for the benefit of the technical agencies involved in damage repairs to public infrastructures. Information on how the physical flood characteristics, such as location of the affected area, inundation period and depth, associated with the size and infrastructure of the premises was lacking. The raw data on flood characteristics could possibly be inserted in flood modeling, but the data could be important for the technical agencies and those working on a strategic framework on the ground. It is also important for the awareness and preparedness strategy. Thus, study on how these raw data relate to the SMEs’ flood damage is urgently required. Further study is suggested to identify the significant level of damage in relation to location, size and infrastructure with the flood characteristics to improve the risk management and strategic framework for SMEs affected by the disaster.
Azlini, C, Natasha Balqis, Normala, R
By the year 2030, it is believed that the older population will rise in number in Malaysia. This has serious implications to the needs and quality of life of the people. The research was carried out to establish the interrelationship between housing requirements and the quality of life among the older individuals on the basis of a pilot research of 120 respondents whose age was 60 years and above. Quantitative survey design was used and questionnaire instrument included sections of demography, housing requirements, and quality of life using the OPQOL-35 instrument.The level of housing needs, descriptive analysis revealed that the level was high (Mean = 4.0, SD = 0.58), and the overall quality of life among the respondents were also high (Mean = 136.51, SD = 17.04). The results of Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the quality of life of older adults and their housing needs had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.72, p < 0.001). The results support the idea that the access to safe, comfortable, and elder-friendly housing is one of the key factors in enhancing the quality of life of this group of the population. Thus, more housing policies, the delivery of facilities that are elderly-friendly, and enhanced community support are needed to be ready to make the transition to aged-nation.
Colin Wong Wei Lun, Law Cheh Pau, Melor Md Yunus
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly revolutionized English language education, delivering personalized feedback, adaptive curricula, and conversational practice. Yet evidence for its pedagogical value remains fragmented. This systematic literature review (SLR) synthesizes empirical studies published between 2021 and 2025 to map popular AI tools and evaluate their impact on English language teaching and learning. Guided by PRISMA, searches of WoS, Scopus and ERIC databases retrieved 430 records; after duplicate removal and rigorous screening, 39 peer-reviewed studies were appraised. Studies included higher education, teacher training, and mixed-ability K–12 classrooms across 21 countries, and utilized a range of research methodologies. Five tool categories dominate current practice: large-language-model chatbots (e.g., ChatGPT), AI-assisted writing correctors (Grammarly, QuillBot), adaptive mobile apps (Duolingo, Babbel), pronunciation analyzers (Speech Ace), and multimodal translators. Evidence converges on moderate-to-large gains in writing accuracy, vocabulary retention, pronunciation intelligibility and learner motivation, alongside reduced teacher administrative load. Benefits, however, depend on digital access, teacher training, and learners’ critical engagement. Research gaps include the lack of longitudinal or experimental designs, limited focus on K–12 or low-resource contexts, and insufficient examination of ethical and data-privacy issues. The review contributes an integrative evidence base, highlights gaps, and proposes an agenda based on rigorous efficacy studies, equity oriented implementation, and ethical governance. AI tools show significant potential for English language education. However, achieving this potential requires context-specific integration, educator training, and ongoing investigation into long-term learning outcomes. This SLR provides practitioners with a framework of applicable tools and practical guidance for responsible classroom implementation globally, facilitating deployment.
Bernadus Sentot Wijanarka, Dwi Rahdiyanta, Indri Setiani, Jarwopuspito, Paryanto, Reiza Khoirunnisa
This study aims to: (1) analyze the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in improving students' learning outcomes in the subject of Manufacturing Technical Drawing in Grade XI of vocational high school; (2) analyze the improvement of student competencies in the subject through the application of the Project Based Learning model; and (3) analyze the increase in student activity, engagement, and participation during project-based learning.This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method.The research subjects were 33 students from Class XI TP 2 at SMK Negeri 2 Yogyakarta who had experienced learning through the Project-Based Learning model. Cognitive learning outcomes data were obtained through multiple-choice tests, while skills data were collected using observation sheets assessing students’ practical performance. Data analysis was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative approaches.The results showed that: (1) the PjBL model was effective in improving students' learning outcomes, as evidenced by the increase in the average score from 74.09 in the pre-cycle to 77.52 in the third cycle, and the improvement in learning mastery from 55% to 91%. (2) Student competencies improved gradually, in terms of conceptual understanding, project completion, and contextual application of knowledge. (3) This model also succeeded in enhancing student activity and engagement, as indicated by the increase in average activity scores from 74.09 and engagement level of 55% in the pre-cycle to 77.52 and 91% in the third cycle. Students became more active, responsible, and positively involved in the learning process.
Abdoulie A. Jallow, Adama Cham, Katim Touray
This paper is a thorough examination of the relationship between inflation and government revenue stability in The Gambia for the period 2006 to 2024 using annual time series data. A comprehensive econometric approach was undertaken, beginning with stationarity diagnostics using both the Augmented Dicky-Fuller (ADF) and KPSS test to assess the integration properties of the series, followed by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression with heteroskedasticity-consistent (HC3) to ensure robust inference. The analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between inflation and real government revenue growth. Different from the traditional Tanzi effect hypothesis, a 1% rise in inflation will entail a 3.558% rise in real revenue growth with a p-value of 0.032. Conversely, high inflation shocks (exceeding 12%) lead to a drop in revenue growth of 36.227 percentage points. All diagnostic tests substantiate model validity with no autocorrelation (Breusch-Godfrey p = 0.672), no heteroskedasticity (Breusch-Pagan p = 0.302), and acceptable normality (Jarque-Bera p = 0.111). These findings not only refute the traditional fiscal theory but also imply significant policy reforms in inflation targeting and revenue prediction for small open economies with non-indexed tax systems.
A.M. Riasat Alam, Taposh Ranjan Sarker
This study helps to examine how mobile payment systems influence adoption patterns, consumer behavior, and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, it explores how these changes contribute to the digital transformation and growth of small-scale apparel businesses by fostering entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. The findings aim to provide valuable insights for business owners, platform developers, and policymakers to optimize mobile financial platforms in support of micro-entrepreneurship. Ultimately, this research contributes to a broader understanding of how digital financial systems are enhancing consumer engagement with small-scale entrepreneurs in the apparel sector of Bangladesh.
Eddy Winarso, Sofia Windiarti, Sugiartiningsih
Indonesia's import activities from Thailand have developed from capital goods to consumer goods and the agricultural sector. The high imports from Thailand are inseparable from the fluctuations in the US exchange rate against IDR and Indonesia's national income. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the US exchange rate against IDR and Indonesia's national income on the value of Indonesia's imports from Thailand. The method used is quantitative descriptive with multiple regression modeling for the period 2000-2023. From the processing results, it was obtained that the US exchange rate against IDR and Indonesia's national income partially and simultaneously significantly affected the value of Indonesia's imports from Thailand. The US$ exchange rate against IDR hurt the influence on the value of Indonesia's imports from Thailand. Indonesia's national income had a positive influence on the value of Indonesia's imports from Thailand.
Dr. Florence Kemuma Maranga, Gilbert Mokua Bitange, Margaret Ondieki Nyamwaya
The rapid growth of specialty coffee culture in Nairobi City County has elevated coffee service as a key determinant of restaurant competitiveness, positioning baristas as skilled professionals whose technical and interpersonal competencies directly influence customer satisfaction, repeat patronage, and overall business performance. This study examined the level of mastery of barista skills—namely technical proficiency, operational efficiency, presentation skills, and customer interaction—and their influence on the quality of coffee service in rated restaurants. Although formal barista training programs and investments in modern coffee equipment have increased, limited empirical evidence exists on whether skill mastery leads to measurable improvements in service outcomes within the Kenyan context. Consequently, the study tested the null hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between barista skill mastery and quality coffee service. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was adopted, targeting a sample of 120 baristas drawn from rated restaurants in Nairobi City County. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and observational checklists to capture both self-reported competencies and objectively assessed indicators of service quality. Descriptive analysis revealed high levels of skill mastery, with mean scores of 4.15 for technical skills, 3.92 for operational efficiency, 4.05 for presentation skills, and 4.20 for customer interaction. Quality of coffee service was also rated highly across key dimensions, including beverage consistency, temperature control, presentation, customer satisfaction, and repeat patronage, yielding an overall mean score of 4.08. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive relationships between all dimensions of barista skill mastery and quality coffee service, with customer interaction exhibiting the strongest association (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). Further, multiple regression analysis indicated that barista skills collectively accounted for 68% of the variance in service quality (R² = 0.68, F = 61.25, p < 0.001). These findings led to the rejection of the null hypothesis, confirming that technical, operational, presentation, and interpersonal competencies significantly enhance the quality of coffee service. Additionally, moderating factors such as restaurant rating, equipment availability, and barista experience influenced the strength of these relationships. The study concludes that barista skill mastery is a critical determinant of coffee service excellence in rated restaurants. It recommends that restaurant managers and training institutions invest in structured, hands-on training programs, continuous performance monitoring, regular skills assessment, and modern coffee equipment, while placing greater emphasis on strengthening customer interaction competencies to sustain service quality and competitive advantage. Future research should examine longitudinal changes in barista skill development, compare skill mastery across different regions, assess the impact of emerging technologies on barista roles, and explore customer perceptions of barista professionalism. Further studies should also investigate how workplace culture, compensation, and career progression influence barista motivation, skill retention, and service performance.
Feler Orido
This paper takes a closer look at how adopting International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) impacts the quality of financial reporting among Kenyan county governments, with a particular focus on the role of staff competency as a mediator. It breaks down IPSAS into key components like accrual-based reporting, asset recognition, and financial disclosures, evaluating how each one affects reporting quality while considering staff competency as a moderating factor. The research is grounded in three main theories: agency theory, human capital theory, and institutional theory. By conducting a cross-sectional descriptive survey involving 352 respondents from 47 counties, data was gathered through structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings reveal that adopting IPSAS significantly boosts financial reporting quality, with accrual-based reporting showing the most substantial effect. Additionally, staff competency positively influences this relationship, highlighting the importance of having skilled personnel to fully leverage the benefits of IPSAS. The study wraps up by emphasizing that a comprehensive approach that combines standards, systems, and human capacity is essential for achieving sustainable improvements in public financial management.
Ankita Kashyap, Dr. Salam Anand Singh
Religion is a part of the life of every community and a recognized form of the society that we must go through institutions. Form a religious point of view, Dergaon town and its nearby areas are inhabited by multi religious castes and tribes. There are various historical and mythical stories are associated to this place. Shaivism, Shaktism, and Vaishnavism under Hinduism are the major creeds, with Shaiviam is the oldest sect in this locality. Maheshwara Dewalaya or The Negheriting Temple is full of mysterious glory and had a recognized religious identity during the Ahom period. Gradually, the town has been converted to an urban center partially centering this temple. Negheriting Temple is basically an amalgamated temple of five deities. By this paper, it has been attempted to examine the historicity, interiorstructures and its managing accommodations of the Negheriting Temple.
Technics Ikechi Nwosu
This paper conceptualizes the political philosophy of technological independence as a necessary paradigm for Africa and the wider “poor world.” It advances the argument that Western technological powerhouse countries cannot, in themselves, permanently obstruct technological takeoff in peripheral states; rather, the real impediment derives from the ignorance, miseducation, and misplaced developmental priorities of the citizens and leaders of these states. The study contends that technological independence must be understood as a political right, inseparable from sovereignty and democracy, and that any assertion of political independence or economic autonomy that lacks technological self-sufficiency is ultimately cosmetic, deceptive, and unsustainable. The theoretical framework integrates Science and Technology Studies (STS), especially the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) paradigm, Political STS, and the author’s own Technological Independence Theory. This synthesis makes visible the ways in which technology is socially constructed, politically contested, and democratically claimed as a sovereign right. It also engages with the Dependency Theory of Development, not as a terminal diagnosis of Africa’s dependency, but as a framework to be transcended through deliberate domestication of technological capabilities. The analysis herein redefines democracy itself as incomplete without technological sovereignty and reframes political sovereignty as contingent upon the mobilization of a country’s intellectual and scientific resources. Methodologically, the paper adopts a qualitative, interpretive approach embedded in political philosophy analysis, critical discourse analysis, and comparative-historical inquiry. Philosophical analysis is deployed to reinterpret concepts such as sovereignty, independence, and democracy through the prism of technology. Critical discourse analysis interrogates dominant modernization and globalization narratives that normalize technological servitude, while comparative-historical analysis draws lessons from historical cases of technological takeoff, including Japan, China, and Russia, to situate Africa’s possibilities and challenges. The methodology further adopts a constructivist epistemology, privileging indigenous theorization and cultural resources as legitimate sites of knowledge production. In combining these theoretical and methodological resources, the paper constructs an ontology of technological independence as both a normative political philosophy and a practical policy imperative. It argues that the democratization of technological takeoff is the surest safeguard against authoritarian developmentalism and perpetual dependency. In this way then, the political philosophy of technological independence becomes a radical intervention in political theory, Science and Technology Studies, and the development discourse, while simultaneously offering a roadmap for Africa’s second independence – that of technological sovereignty.
Teresita L. Nacion
This study explored the post-retirement economic, social, and personal life of academic retirees from Higher Education Institutions in the 2nd District of Albay. Using a mixed-method approach, the study gathered quantitative and qualitative data from 38 academic retirees, most of whom were female, married, and highly educated, with long years of service ranging from 21 to 40 years. Many opted for early retirement at age 60, while others retired at the mandatory age of 65. Findings on economic life generally demonstrate responsible money management, particularly in budgeting, monitoring savings, and settling debts. However, some gaps were noted in record-keeping and investment engagement, indicating areas where financial literacy may still be improved. They remain active through mentoring—identified as the top productive activity—along with part-time academic work, volunteering, hobbies, academic events, and family time, reflecting a desire to remain active, purposeful, and actively engaged. Socially, they experienced minimal isolation and maintained strong ties with family, colleagues, and community groups. Participation in gatherings and regular social media use further strengthened these networks. Regarding identity and sense of purpose, they disagreed with concerns about being forgotten, and on personal well-being, they generally enjoy good health, attributed to positive lifestyle practices developed over the years. Lower levels of participation in regular exercise were noted among those in older age groups, yet many still engage in wellness activities within their physical capacity. Generally, the respondents experience a constructive and meaningful post-retirement life characterized by financial responsibility, strong social engagement, and positive well-being. Their resilience and continued productivity highlight retirement as a stage of renewal rather than decline.
Ogunleye Oluwole Festus
This study explores the socio-cultural dynamics sustaining Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Akoko North East, Akoko North West, Akoko South East, and Akoko South West Local Government Areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. Despite intensified global and national campaigns against FGM, the practice remains widespread due to entrenched cultural beliefs, social norms, and generational transmission. Employing a descriptive survey design, 400 questionnaires were distributed, yielding 358 valid responses from women of reproductive age, community elders, religious leaders, and health professionals. The instrument covered demographics, awareness, cultural attitudes, personal experiences, health consequences, and policy responses. Findings show that 95.5% of participants were aware of FGM and 82.1% acknowledged its health risks, yet the practice endures, driven by moral expectations, social conformity, and symbolic associations with womanhood and marital eligibility. Over half of the respondents had undergone FGM, typically before age ten, with parental decision-making playing a central role. Cultural pressure and communal expectations emerged as dominant motivators, even among those personally opposed to the practice. Encouragingly, resistance is growing, especially among educated women 87.2% endorsed education-based interventions and 79.3% expressed willingness to engage in community dialogues to end FGM. The study applies Social Norms Theory, Symbolic Interactionism, the Health Belief Model, and Ecological Systems Theory to explain how cultural symbols, perceived expectations, and structural factors shape individual behavior. It concludes that legal prohibitions alone are inadequate; instead, comprehensive strategies involving education, community engagement, and mental health support are vital. Key recommendations include integrating FGM education into school curricula, empowering religious and traditional leaders as change agents, enhancing legal enforcement, and offering trauma-informed care for survivors.
Anrilia Ema Mustikawati Ningdah, IGAA Noviekayati, Nadia Chusnulhasana
This study aims to prove the relationship between perceived organizational support and self-compassion with nurse burnout. The subjects of this study were 175 nurses. The approach used in the study was a quantitative approach with a data collection method using a scale that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression correlation tests. The measuring instruments used were the burnout scale, the scale of perceived organizational support and the self-compassion scale. The results showed that there was a correlation between perceived organizational support and the self-compassion scale with nurse burnout at Dr. H. Chasan Boesoerie Ternate Regional Hospital. Perceived organizational support showed a negative and significant correlation with burnout of nurses working at Dr. H. Chasan Boesoerie Ternate Regional Hospital. Self-compassion showed a negative and significant correlation with burnout of nurses at Dr. H. Chasan Boesoerie Ternate Regional Hospital. Perceived organizational support and self-compassion together had a significant and acceptable effect on reducing Burnout. The results of the study showed that perceptions of organizational support and selfcompassion can minimize the level of burnout of nurses working at Dr. H. Chasan Boesoerie Ternate Regional Hospital.
Professor Iro Iro UKE, Sunday Abraham ADENIRAN
The study evaluated the activities and impact of decentralized policing groups in internal security management in the South-West Nigeria. It employed a case study survey research design, using in-depth interview guide to retrieve data from stakeholders in two local governments each of the three states of Oyo, Ogun and Ondo in the southwest region. Stakeholders from each LG include NPF, Amotekun, VGN/Neighbourhood Watch, Trade Union leaders, Religious and Traditional leaders, Market Women, Community Youth Leader, Farmers and Road Transport Workers. A total of 60 individuals were interviewed using purposive sampling method. Data from secondary sources were collected from published books and reports both in the library and the Internet. The data obtained were analysed, discussed and guided by Broken Window theory. It utilised survey research design to obtain primary data through interviews. The study established that some factors such as insecurity and lack of capacity of the Nigeria police led to the formation of sub-national security groups in Nigeria. It also found that the police do not have adequate number of personnel to handle their operations, and are dominantly found in the urban areas which impinge negatively on internal security management in Nigeria. The results showed that the decentralized policing group is birthed by the people’s need for safety and majority of the people have more confidence in the groups than the Nigeria police in preventing crimes. Findings from the study revealed that rate of insecurity became low after the formation of the decentralized policing group. The study recommends that State government should harmonize decentralised policing groups into a recognized and formidable force of Community Policing in the State and Local Governments recruited from the community and empowered to bear firearms under strict regulatory supervision by trained and certified local police personnel.
Amila Lokumannage
Over a million people were affected by the massive flooding, landslides, infrastructure collapse, and humanitarian disaster caused by Cyclone Ditwah, which hit Sri Lanka in late November 2025. This article looks at how well disaster communication systems performed during Ditwah, highlights significant shortcomings, particularly in terms of timely notifications and linguistic inclusivity, and analyzes how these shortcomings affected the catastrophe's scope. Recommendations for improving disaster communication systems to better serve all communities are included in the article's conclusion.
Ayoub Nefzi, Malek Kohli
The current study examines how Financial Technology (FinTech) and Digital Marketing (DM) affect Financial Inclusion (FI) and Sustainable Business Performance (SBP) in the tourism industry. Accordingly, a structured questionnaire was distributed among tourism enterprises working in emerging markets adopting a descriptive analytical methodology. Structural Equation Modeling (SmartPLS) was applied to analyze relationships among variables and test seven hypotheses. Overall, results indicate that both FinTech and Digital Marketing positively impact Financial Inclusion and Sustainable Business Performance. Moreover, financial inclusion also plays the role of the mediator in these relations, thus reinforcing its key role in the creation of inclusive and sustainable digital ecosystems. The research offers practical suggestions to tourism businesses and policymakers regarding ways of enhancing sustainability and inclusiveness.
Lakshitha H.D., Rebecca, E.
One factor that is discussed in this paper is the premise of Psychological Contract Fulfillment (PCF). and Task Performance (TP) as an outcome variable among workers in Sri Lanka depending on gigs. on the mediation of Job Satisfaction (JS) and Organizational Identification (OI) on the. relationship. The paper investigates the psychology of the new gig economy, according to the Social Exchange Theory and Social Identity Theory, an area of work that involves part-time and short-life employment because of such sites as PickMe, Uber, Fiverr, and Upwork. Even though there is the flexibility, the gig workers tend to suffer work. the lack of official employment rights, instability, and uncontrollable working. environs, and in consequence, psychological contracts, the expectations not spelt out. between employees and platforms and are influential in attitude formation and. behaviors. To collect quantitative data the quantitative cross-sectional design was applied. on the gig economy, online freelance workers, food delivery services, and ride-hailing workers. through a self-report questionnaire, which was structured. The study was conducted using high quality. statistical tests like reliability tests, validity tests, descriptive statistics, correlation, etc. To test the hypothesized associations, regression and mediation tests will be used. The results indicate that gig workers realize the rates of the high implementation of the psychological contract, that are associated with increased levels of their job, organizational identification, and the general performance in the workplace. In addition, job satisfaction and organizational. identification is a powerful intervening variable, which explains the reason psychological contract. fulfillment is a positive performance factor. These results are applicable in the. literature of psychological contract to non-standard employment terms in developing. economies and demonstrate that even in a situation where no formal there are good psychological contracts. there exists employment relations. As a matter of fact, the study she does throws some light on the. that gig platforms can be used to increase the performance and engagement of a worker fulfills both the transactional promises that involve fair and prompt payment. and interpersonal promises comprised of support, respect and open communication. Potential regions where this can be accomplished by fulfilling these commitments will lead to improved. recognition and fulfillment of the workers, and this will be transferred to improved. performance outcomes.
Allan Jay S. Cajandig, Jolyn Jean S. Estrobello
This systematic literature review examines the impact of teacher preparation, instructional materials, and assessment practices on the mathematical literacy of Filipino secondary students, framed by the PISA framework. Using the PRISMA methodology, a comprehensive search of the ERIC database with relevant keywords yielded 51 studies, which were screened and assessed for eligibility without duplicates. After full-text appraisal, 14 studies were included. The findings demonstrate that integrated approaches combining enhanced teacher preparation, high-quality instructional materials, and robust assessment practices lead to significant improvements in student mathematical literacy. The review highlights the importance of teacher competence, contextualized instructional materials, and multifaceted assessments aligned with PISA competencies. These results provide evidence-based recommendations for policymakers and educators to improve mathematical literacy outcomes through holistic interventions. This review underscores the value of the PISA framework as an analytic lens and advocates for evidence-based policy and practice interventions that holistically address teacher competency, teaching resources, and assessment quality to improve mathematical literacy among secondary students in contexts similar to the Philippines. Recommendations include professional development, context-driven instructional design, and diversified assessment aligned with PISA competencies to promote meaningful learning and performance gain.
Mustafe Mahamoud Abdillahi
The systematically performed metadata reviews have produced a comprehensive mapping and analysis of the scholarly and policy literature on the economic development of Somalia, covering the period from 1991 to 2023. It was able to point out six main thematic clusters, namely: the informal economy and endogenous resilience; the political economy of state collapse and state-building relations; key economic sectors and livelihoods; the role of external actors and aid; systemic constraints such as climate change and insecurity; and new issues like natural resources and regional integration. The analysis indicated that at the beginning, the literature was focused on state failure; then came the praising of informal adaptation; and finally, the present-day involvement with the intricacies of state-building amid the perpetual crises. The review mentioned that the researchers heavily depended on qualitative case studies and data provided by international organizations, which were limited due to security issues, and also that the international community had the majority of the say when it comes to the production of knowledge. It was also pointed out that among the areas of research that were critically under-represented were industrialization, labor markets, gender, and comparative analysis. The research suggested that it is necessary to let the Somali people lead in future research and policies and also make them more grounded in the local context, to fill the gaps and thus pave the way for sustainable and inclusive development.
Mimi Sofiah Ahmad Mustafa, Nasihah Naimat, Nur Mohd Iqzuan bin Samsudin, Siti Nur Farah Atiqah Salleh
While the principles of natural justice, namely audi alteram partem (the right to be heard) and nemo judex in causa sua (freedom from bias) are well-established in legal and administrative procedures, their effectiveness is often undermined by poor or unethical communication. The problem lies in the frequent disconnect between formal procedural compliance and the ethical obligation to communicate clearly, respectfully and accessibly. This paper addresses that gap by exploring the critical role of ethical communication in ensuring that natural justice is not only upheld in form but also experienced in substance. The objectives of the study are to examine how ethical communication supports the delivery of natural justice, identify key shortcomings in current practices and propose communicative standards that reinforce fairness in both legal and quasi-legal settings. Using a qualitative methodology, the paper employs doctrinal legal analysis, case study evaluation and content analysis of interdisciplinary literature. Selected Malaysian and common law cases serve as examples where communication practices either upheld or undermined justice. The novelty of this research lies in its interdisciplinary approach, integrating legal doctrine with communication ethics to argue that fairness must not only be seen but also heard. It introduces the metaphor of “the sound of fairness” to highlight how tone, timing, and clarity impact the perceived legitimacy of decisions. The study offers practical benefits to legal practitioners, policymakers, educators and institutional decision-makers. By promoting ethically sound communication practices, it enhances procedural fairness, protects individual dignity and rebuilds public trust in institutions. Ultimately, this paper proposes that ethical communication is not merely supportive of natural justice, it is essential to its meaningful realisation.
D.R.Șerban
There are old things and new things, there are vintage things appreciated by connoisseurs and much more sophisticated appearances appreciated by most people. There are vintage things and modern things. There is even an old testament and a new testament. Does this mean that old things are necessarily worse, morally outdated or more insignificant? When you say old you think of something useless, something that is no longer relevant to the current moment.
Azman Bado, Muhamatsakree Manyunu, Rahimah Embong
In the modern era of education, the People's Religious Schools in the southern provinces of Thailand function as important Islamic educational institutions, providing students with religious and academic knowledge in line with the Ministry of Education curriculum. These institutions not only impart knowledge, but also play a role in shaping individuals who are moral and competitive. To achieve this goal, school leadership and management must implement effective management practices, based on the 4T1R model, which includes planning, organizing, guiding, supervising and surrendering. The structured supervision mechanism is still not stable, resulting in unbalanced and resilient curriculum implementation. These factors affect the learning process which should focus on strengthening students' morals and life skills. In addition, the concepts and principles of teaching and learning in the 21st century require teachers to have qualifications beyond just teaching. They also need to have the ability to guide students in navigating the world of learning and learning from real experiences. This study was conducted to develop and validate an instrument based on the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) process for measuring the 4T1R Model (based on Planning, Organize, Guiding, Surrender, Supervise) and Islamic Education Management Practices people’s Religious School Management, Southern Thailand. This study uses quantitative research methods based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze various relationships between variables in the study model. Before the data is analyzed using SEM, EFA is carried out to identify the appropriateness of the items used in the research instrument. This study describes in detail the procedure of conducting EFA analysis for each construct. The findings of this study show validity values based on Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Total Variance Explained (TVE), Factor Loading (FL) and reliability values based on Cronbach's Alpha (CA), have met all the required values.
Ainol Basirah Abdul Wahab, Liang Jing, Norul Syuhada Abu Hassan
High-quality financial reporting enhances government accountability. Previous studies have shown that government financial reports in China are not prepared in accordance with reporting standards, resulting in poor reporting quality. This paper aims to clarify the quality of the whole government financial reporting after the implementation of the new accounting system starting from 2019, and examines the factors that influence the quality. This empirical study employs annual financial reports for quantitative analysis. The research sample is the whole financial reports of 31 provincial local governments in China from 2020 to 2022. The reporting quality is tested using the revised 26 indicators. Consequently, six factors which are size, wealth, timeliness, internal audit findings, educational background, and regional work unit, are tested to examine their influence on the whole government financial reporting (WGFR) quality. The research data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS. The findings revealed that after the new accounting system was fully implemented, the quality of all financial reporting of the 31 provincial local governments has improved. The average values for 2020-2022 were 77.39, 78.61, and 78.65 respectively with the increasing trend. The average score is 78.22 for 3 years. Three factors are significantly proven to have an influence towards WGFR quality, which are the number of regional work units, the educational background of accountants and the timeliness of financial reporting. However, three other factors which are size, wealth and internal audit findings of local authority are found to be insignificant. The results from this research are useful for the local authorities in China to identify their position and make necessary improvements in their financial reporting for the benefit of the interested parties. Secondly, the results on factors that contribute to the WGFR may be significant to public policymakers to determine the appropriate approach in enhancing the WGFR among local authorities in China. Finally, it has enriched the reference basis for related research.
Divviya Selvaraja, Nur Syafiqah Yaccob
Recognising that vocabulary acquisition is essential for effective language learning. This qualitative study investigates EFL teachers’ opinions of using thematic spelling tests to support vocabulary acquisition among primary students in a Malaysian expatriate school. Guided by narrative inquiry, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight EFL teachers who had experience implementing thematic spelling lists in their classrooms. The data were analysed thematically to identify teachers’ views on vocabulary development, learners’ self-efficacy, and instructional challenges. Findings reveal five key themes. Teachers reported that repeated exposure through weekly spelling tests reinforces vocabulary retention, strengthens phoneme–grapheme mapping, and improves word recognition and accuracy. Thematic spelling tests were also perceived to enhance students’ self-efficacy, as mastery experiences, relatable themes, and visible progress increased learners’ confidence and motivation. Additionally, the use of thematic lists was found to promote contextual learning by enabling students to connect new vocabulary with textbook content and real-life situations. Despite these benefits, teachers identified notable challenges, including mixed-ability classrooms which are varying levels of learner readiness and insufficient instructional time due to curriculum demands and extracurricular commitments. These constraints often limited opportunities for in-class drilling and required greater reliance on home practice. Overall, the study concludes that thematic spelling tests are a valuable tool for vocabulary development, contextual learning, and self-efficacy building in primary EFL classrooms, but their effectiveness depends on adequate time allocation, differentiated strategies, and stronger instructional support.
Amine Hadj Taieb, Hela Mnejja
The development of medical and protective textiles is undergoing a paradigm shift toward human-centered approaches that integrate technical performance with user well-being. This study investigates the integration of Human-Centered Design (HCD) and Sensitive Design in the development of microencapsulated textile systems intended for medical and protective applications. The research combines textile engineering, material science, and user-oriented design principles to enhance usability, comfort, and safety. An experimental framework based on microcapsule preparation, characterization, and textile fixation is presented and evaluated through HCD criteria. The results demonstrate that low-temperature processing, controlled microcapsule morphology, and user-oriented application strategies contribute to improved sensorial comfort, material stability, and suitability for prolonged human contact. This work highlights the relevance of Human-Centered Design as a methodological and ethical framework for innovation in advanced medical and protective textiles.
Muhammad Afham Suhaimi, Muhammad Amnan Idham, Muhammad Yusriman Zaidi, Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus Wan Khairuldin
This article examines how Malaysia has consolidated its position as a leading destination for Muslim-friendly tourism through an integrated mix of policy direction, standards development, and industry adoption. The study aims to review the evolution of Shariah-compliant tourism governance by focusing on Malaysian Standard MS 2610 and the Islamic Tourism Centre, Muslim-Friendly Tourism and Hospitality Assurance and Recognition (MFAR) scheme under the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture, while also comparing Malaysia’s approach with the OIC/SMIIC Halal Tourism Services standard to identify convergence and locally specific innovations. Methodologically, the research applies a policy and standards review, supported by documentary analysis of MFAR criteria and listings, and uses illustrative cases of recognised hotels to evaluate service quality, market signalling, and consumer assurance. The findings suggest that MS 2610 functions as a foundational benchmark that clarifies operational requirements and expected practices for Muslim-friendly hospitality services. MFAR, in turn, translates these requirements into an assurance and recognition mechanism that is visible to the market, supported by training, branding, and structured guidance for service providers. The interaction between standards, certification pathways, and capacity-building initiatives helps reduce information asymmetry, strengthens consumer trust, and encourages the hospitality sector to institutionalise Muslim-friendly service delivery within a broader tourism ecosystem. At the same time, the study identifies persistent implementation gaps, including uneven standardisation across service segments, inconsistent competency levels among frontline staff, and limited readiness among small and medium enterprises due to resource constraints, documentation burdens, and the demands of continuous compliance. The article concludes that Malaysia’s leadership in Muslim-friendly tourism can be strengthened through policy and industry measures that more explicitly align service delivery with Maqasid al-Shariah, expand competency development, and provide targeted support for SMEs to adopt standards progressively. It also recommends enhanced harmonisation with OIC/SMIIC benchmarks and improved transparency in MFAR reporting to reinforce credibility and competitiveness in post-pandemic tourism strategies.
Amily Fikry, Khairul Nazlin Kamaruzaman, Muhammad Iskandar Hamzah, Nur Shahrulliza Muhammad, Zuhal Hussein
The role of trust in shaping young consumers’ adoption and continued use of mobile shopping applications remains a contested issue within existing literature, with prior studies reporting mixed and sometimes inconclusive findings. While numerous scholars emphasize trust as a critical determinant of mobile shopping application usage, purchase intention, and consumer retention, other studies suggest its influence is context-dependent and moderated by factors such as user characteristics. This paper synthesizes and critically reviews extant research on youths’ trust in mobile shopping applications to provide understanding of its role in purchasing behavior using mobile apps. Drawing on evidence from diverse national contexts the research highlights that trust can reduce perceived risk, enhance feelings of security, and facilitate favorable attitudes toward mobile shopping, particularly in environments characterized by limited physical interaction. However, trust does not consistently function as a direct predictor of continual usage intentions, as its impact may be mediated or attenuated by variables such as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, interface quality, technological anxiety, and social influence. The review further identifies a notable gap in the literature concerning youth-specific trust dynamics in mobile shopping applications, as prior research has predominantly focused on broader e-commerce or mobile commerce contexts. By consolidating fragmented findings, this paper underscores the multifaceted and mediating role of trust in young consumers’ mobile shopping behaviors. The paper contributes to theory by clarifying inconsistencies in prior results and offers practical insights for platform developers and online retailers seeking to enhance trust, mitigate perceived risk, and promote sustainable mobile shopping application usage in an increasingly competitive digital marketplace.
Nuuhash Akando, Preyo Darshan Dash
One of Sylhet city's most notable topographical features is its chharas, or streams, which are intricately woven into the city's urban fabric. These chharas generally begin in the hillock areas on the outskirts of this city, travel through the city's urban framework, and eventually join the Surma river. One of the prominent chhara in the city that exhibits a distinct environment within the urban fabric is Malnichhara. For instance, it is the landmark itself in some places and concealed inside the urban fabric in others. As a naturally occurring blue network, chhara is being given particular consideration when it comes to city development in the near future, and it is being considered to capitalize on it. For this reason, the morphological analysis of urban settings interwoven with chhara is necessary. Such analysis will indicate to us what characters or factors have impacted chhara to emerge as a prominent visible form component in different places and have enabled it to house public functions depending on it. As a methodology in this article, the obtained map and literature have been used to analyze the typo-morphology of urban settings. The typo-morphological analysis developed here would help making decisions regarding blue network rich city planning or relevant issues.
Chriss Buddy Fredrick, Michel Mutabazi
Financial literacy plays a crucial role in self-employment and entrepreneurship. The lack of financial literacy presents significant obstacles to the financial stability of self-employed young adults, impeding their ability to effectively navigate entrepreneurship. This study assessed the level of financial literacy among self-employed young adults at Tangaza University, it identified the key financial opportunities and challenges faced by young entrepreneurs, determined the attitudes and practices of self-employed young adults, and explored the effects of financial literacy on the performance of the young adults' businesses. Using a descriptive cross-sectional research design, the study selected 60 students and 20 staff members through purposive sampling and employed semistructured questionnaires for data collection. The findings indicate a moderate level of financial literacy, with a mean score of 66%. Key challenges include exchange rates and managing tax obligations, while the opportunities were market access and networking. Loan accessibility was both a challenge and an opportunity. Young adults had positive attitudes towards continuous learning and improvement, financial empowerment and were optimistic about self-employment. Financial literacy had a significant effect on the performance of their enterprises. Recommendations include targeted interventions to enhance specific financial competencies such as auditing, financing mechanisms, and tax management. Similar longitudinal action research is recommended in other settings such as rural areas.
Ariel B. Mabansag, Armando D. Andoque, Ma. Emerald S. Alba, Mary Grace C. Celosa, Michael Hendrix T. Casama, Ruzell M. Abarquez, Sherrie Ann Cananua-Labid
Academic procrastination is a common self-regulation challenge in higher education, yet its core aspects remain underexplored in the Philippine context, especially among students in teacher education. This study aimed to identify the latent dimensions of academic procrastination, assess its overall level, and explore its relationship with certain demographic variables among pre-service teachers at a Philippine state university. Using a quantitative approach, data were gathered from 485 teacher education students with an adapted academic procrastination questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed to reveal the construct's structure. In contrast, descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses examined the levels, differences, and predictors of procrastination. The results identified a four-factor structure, named sincerity, laziness, locus of control, and pessimism, confirming the multidimensional nature of the construct. Overall, students showed an average level of academic procrastination, suggesting that delays are more situational and task-specific rather than chronic. Among the demographic variables studied, sex was the only significant predictor, with male students reporting higher levels of procrastination than female students. No significant differences were observed based on age, year level, academic program, scholarship status, or academic performance. These findings highlight the influence of psychological and motivational factors on structural aspects in the development of academic procrastination among teacher education students. The study offers empirical evidence to guide targeted, gender-sensitive, and dimension-specific interventions to improve self-regulation and professional readiness in teacher education programs.
Adila Zakaria, Hanis Nazurah Abu Hassan, Leng Pau Chung, Norliza Mohd Isa, Siti Hajar Misnan
Displaced individuals often find themselves detached from their communities, socioeconomic resources, and cultural values. Displacement is commonly brought about by the absence of thorough resettlement frameworks that can promote fairness and influence the livelihoods of these individuals. Previous research contended that mere legislation is insufficient to protect people’s welfare and livelihood, and there is an urgent requirement to transition from well-intentioned laws to effective practices. Therefore, this paper aims to assess and examine the elements that affect resettlement results and influence resettlement success in studies conducted between the years 2020 and 2024. A thematic analysis was conducted on relevant literature published between the years 2020 and 2024. The results showed that there are five (5) factors influencing resettlement success and community livelihood: (1) governance and policy framework; (2) community and social dynamic; (3) economic and livelihood consideration; (4) infrastructure and physical environment; and (5) education and long-term support. These findings highlighted that resettlement is not merely a logistical challenge but a profoundly social, economic, and cultural issue.
Cathniel L. Verallo, Cheira M. Tarayao, Christine Joy C. Llaneras, Edna B. Nabua, Eve Joyce E. Ablin
This study investigated the mastery levels of Grade 11 STEM learners across the Third- Quarter competencies of General Chemistry 2 to identify areas requiring targeted instructional support. Using a descriptive quantitative research design, data were collected from fifty (50) Grade 11 STEM students enrolled in General Chemistry 2 at a private secondary school in the Philippines. A researcher- developed, MELC-aligned achievement test consisting of fifty multiple-choice items was employed to assess learners’ conceptual and procedural understanding. The instrument underwent expert validation, pilot testing, and reliability analysis, yielding a Kuder–Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20) coefficient of 0.844. The results revealed varying levels of mastery across the fifteen assessed competencies. Most competencies were classified as Mastered or Nearly Mastered, particularly those related to phase changes, solution chemistry, thermochemistry, and chemical kinetics, indicating stronger performance in conceptually oriented and qualitative topics. In contrast, the lowest mastery levels were observed in competencies requiring the integration of conceptual understanding and mathematical application, notably the quantitative treatment of colligative properties and the application of Hess’s Law in determining heat changes. These competencies posed challenges due to their reliance on multi-step problem solving, numerical computation, and abstract reasoning. The findings underscore the uneven nature of chemistry mastery across competencies and highlight the need for strand-responsive instructional strategies that emphasize guided problem-solving, visual representations, and contextualized learning experiences. The study provides empirical baseline data that can inform the development of targeted instructional interventions, such as Strategic Intervention Materials, to enhance learners’ mastery of quantitatively demanding chemistry concepts and improve overall achievement in General Chemistry 2.
Bianca Latonio, Edna Nabua, Eduardo Navalta, Hanna Lyn Taglorin, Isnihara Limbona, Mudjahid Abdurahman, Rey Paolo Micutuan, Threcia Poblete
In view of the growing effort of improving learners’ performance in chemistry, determining the learners’ conceptual understanding, mastery level, and level of motivation is crucial in scoping and designing learning intervention. This study is aimed to identify the learners’ conceptual understanding, mastery level, and level of motivation in Grade 10 Chemistry learning competencies. The study employed a descriptive design involving Forty (40) Grade 11 learners in one of the public high schools in Pangutaran, Sulu of the school year 2024-2025. A 25-item researcher-made needs assessment questionnaire and adapted Chemistry Motivation Questionnaire II by Glyn et al. (2011) were utilized to gather data. Findings indicated that learners demonstrated a very low level of conceptual understanding (M=40.8%), which corresponded to a very low mastery level (M=44.84%), classified as “not mastered”. Despite of that, learners indicated that they were motivated towards learning chemistry in terms of intrinsic, career, self-determination, and grade motivation although in terms of self-efficacy they still doubt themselves especially on accomplishing labs, projects, and tests, and attaining mastery and high grade. Nonetheless, there was no significant correlation between the learners’ conceptual understanding and level of motivation in chemistry. The study recommended the school and future researcher to design and develop a strategic intervention to help grade 10 learners improve their conceptual understanding and confidence level, and in turn, mastery level in chemistry subject.
Amiruddin Bin Ab Aziz, Nur Afriza Binti Baki, Nur Hanisah Binti Abdul Malek, Nurul Wahidah Binti Omar
Online learning refers to the utilization of online resources for learning activities and the substitution of internet-based virtual sessions. Although various online learning platforms are available, both teachers and students often find it challenging to determine which platform most effectively facilitates learning. This research aims to choose the best online learning platform using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method, which integrates the fuzzy logic and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approaches. The objective is to weigh and rank alternative platforms based on seven criteria from five decision-makers, who are lecturers from UiTM Cawangan Terengganu experienced in using all three online learning platforms. The findings show that platform compatibility, internet stability, and system quality are the key factors influencing platform preference. Overall, Google Classroom appeared as the most preferred online learning platform (0.7418), followed by Microsoft Teams (0.1922), while UFuture was the least favoured (0.0660). The result will help educators to choose which online learning platform to use during online classes. The survey also provides insights into users’ perceptions of online learning.
Arifah Aqilah Janudin
The contemporary national education system emphasizes student-centered learning; however, some students remain passive in classroom discussions and struggle to express their ideas. Although various interactive teaching strategies have been promoted, existing studies on the buzz group method have largely focused on subjects other than Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB), with limited empirical evidence available within the Bruneian educational context. Therefore, this study investigates the effectiveness of the buzz group method in enhancing student participation and MIB learning. Guided by Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, this study employed a mixed methods approach using a reflective action research design. The participants involved of 21 Year 9 students from a government secondary, with four students purposively selected for interviews. Quantitative data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test, while qualitative data from semi-structured interviews were analyzed thematically. The findings indicate a statistically significant improvement in student achievement following the implementation of the buzz group method (p < 0.05). Qualitative findings further reveal positive student perceptions in terms of confidence, understanding, participation, and collaborative learning. Overall, the study reveals that the buzz group method is an effective pedagogical strategy for promoting active engagement and improving learning outcomes in MIB classrooms. It is recommended that MIB teachers incorporate structured small-group discussion strategies to support student-centered learning in alignment with 21st-century educational goals.
Rasimah Che Mohd Yusoff, Roslina Ibrahim, Saharudin Ismail, Salbiah Zainal
The Internet of Things (IoT) connects sensors, embedded devices, and digital platforms to enable intelligent interactions between people and their environments. Engaging students in IoT projects exposes them to authentic challenges where programming, data analysis, and system design converge. However, many educators struggle to guide learners from design to functional prototypes. The absence of validated pedagogical models that link creative ideation with technical implementation continues to limit the effectiveness of IoT education. This study proposes an initial validated learning model for developing Internet of Things (IoT) projects through a Design Thinking (DT) approach. The model integrates DT principles with the Initiator-Before-In-After (IBIA) teaching sequence and the Flex blended-learning structure. Expert judgment was used to validate the class activities for both lecturers and students based on the proposed conceptual model for developing IoT Projects through DT approach. Six experts specialising in DT, learning innovation, and IoT education evaluated the model using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), complemented by qualitative feedback. Quantitative analysis determined the model’s content validity, while thematic interpretation of expert comments informed refinements to strengthen instructional relevance.
Dr. Mohamed Shadi, Mostafa Ahmed
The Al Habtoor Risk Index (AHRI) is a newly proposed composite methodology for assessing country-level political and economic risk. This paper provides a comprehensive validation of the AHRI framework through methodological explanation, literature review, and comparative analysis. The AHRI methodology is detailed, including its definitions of key components (claims, confidence levels, scope and severity weights, opposing factors with mitigation scores) and the formulas that aggregate these elements into quantitative threat measures. We situate each aspect of the index in the context of established risk assessment theory and practice. We demonstrate that the use of sub-indicators such as likelihood (confidence) estimates, weighted scope and severity of impact, mitigation scoring of opposing factors, and normalisation techniques are grounded in well-established approaches to risk analysis and composite index construction. A literature review highlights theoretical and empirical support for combining these factors, drawing on risk management frameworks and prior composite indices. We further compare the AHRI with other prominent country risk assessment models – including World Bank governance indicators, the Fragile States Index, and the Economist Intelligence Unit’s risk ratings – to evaluate similarities, differences, and improvements offered by the AHRI structure. Finally, a critical discussion examines the assumptions and structure of the AHRI, noting its strengths in integrating expert judgement and multi-dimensional factors as well as potential limitations (such as subjectivity, normalisation choices, and data aggregation). While the present paper focuses on conceptual and methodological validation, we outline a concrete agenda for future empirical testing, including back-testing AHRI scores against historical crises and comparing its predictive performance with existing indices. We conclude that the Al Habtoor Risk Index methodology is a theoretically sound and practically relevant tool for country-level risk assessment, aligning with best practices from political and economic risk indices while introducing a flexible claim-based approach to incorporate context-specific threats and mitigating factors.
Mohd Haniff Osman, Muhamad Nazri Borhan, Nur Arzilah Ismail
This study investigates how Airport Rail Link (ARL) users without prior experience of service disruption evaluate disruption management strategies during unexpected disruptions. While previous studies have focused on passengers who have encountered disruptions, little is known about the expectations and perceptions of users who have never faced such events. Integrating the Expectancy Disconfirmation Model (EDM) with Justice Theory, this study examines the roles of normative expectations, perceived fairness and performance in shaping disconfirmation judgments. To address methodological challenges in capturing expectations for hypothetical scenarios, a comic-strip-based questionnaire was developed. This visual approach depicted realistic disruption scenarios and response actions, enabling respondents to assess fairness across distributive, procedural and interactional dimensions before comparing perceived performance with initial expectations. The instrument was pretested and piloted to ensure its clarity and feasibility in terms of timing. Data were collected from 290 ARL users who confirmed they had never experienced a service disruption. Responses were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling to test hypothesized relationships and mediation effects. Results reveal that perceived fairness of response actions strongly influences disconfirmation and fully mediates the effect of expectations, highlighting the critical role of performance perception in shaping judgments. Importance-Performance Map Analysis further identified perceived fairness as the most influential construct. The findings underscore the importance of transparent communication and fairness-driven response actions in building trust among regular users who may hold idealized expectations. From a methodological perspective, the study demonstrates the value of visual stated preference instruments for eliciting meaningful responses in hypothetical contexts. Practical implications include designing proactive communication strategies and fairness-oriented response measures to enhance resilience and user confidence in the face of unexpected disruptions.
Hannah Kiaritha, Njeri Kiaritha
Retirement among educators in Kenya is a contested terrain. Primary and secondary school teachers retire at 60, while university lecturers may remain in service until 74. These policies reflect colonial legacies, institutional logics, and cultural constructions of age and productivity. This paper employs a mixed-methods design to explore the experiences, perceptions, and implications of retirement across the educational spectrum. Drawing on survey data (quantitative) and interviews (qualitative) educators across different educational levels, it examines the causes and consequences of retirement beyond age, including redundancy, health, burnout, and policy pressures. The metaphor of aging wine, sometimes sweet, sometimes bitter, frames the analysis. The findings reveal both the waste of wisdom through compulsory exits and the risks of stagnation through delayed generational renewal. The paper is a call for a Kenyan philosophy of retirement that reframes it as transformation rather than termination, ensuring that the wisdom of educators is not buried alive but reinvested into mentorship, policy, and institutional renewal.
Chiemeka Onyema, Ruth Chinwendu Cyprian
This study investigated the effect of workplace harassment on employee wellbeing in hotels in Owerri Municipality, Imo State, Nigeria. The study specifically examined the impact of verbal and physical harassment on employee job satisfaction and self-esteem in selected hotels in the Municipality. The study was grounded on Conservation of Resources Theory. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed targeting hotel employees. Data were collected from 143 hotel employees using a structured questionnaire. The data analysis involved frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that verbal harassment significantly reduces employee job satisfaction, leading to disengagement, emotional exhaustion, and high turnover intentions. Physical harassment was found to negatively impact employee selfesteem, causing anxiety, fear, and reduced workplace confidence. The regression analyses revealed a strong negative relationship between verbal harassment and job satisfaction (β1 = −0.62, p < 0.05), and a strong negative relationship between physical harassment and self-esteem (β1 = −0.683, p < 0.05). The results suggest that the two forms of harassment had significant negative impact on employee wellbeing. The main conclusion drawn from the study is that, workplace harassment hampers hotel employees’ job satisfaction and self-esteem, leading to poor wellbeing, a precursor to poor job performance. The consequences of hotel employees’ poor job performance may include poor customer service delivery, low customer satisfaction, customer attrition, and financial losses. In all, the growth, sustainability, and survival of the hotels are imperiled when workplace harassments are not adequately addressed and the negative consequences skillfully mitigated.