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International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)

Time-Varying Electrical Loads: Analyzing Household Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Strategies for Load Management

byKimberly L. Mandalihan; Regie Boy B. Fabro; Argie S. Manuel; Peter John B. Ladran; Dariel Justin V. Daquioag

Published December 22, 2025  •  Vol. 9, Issue 11, pp. 6737–6754Open Access
DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91100527

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of time-varying electrical loads on household energy consumption and carbon emissions, with the goal of developing strategies for load management to reduce carbon footprints. Conducted in the residential households of San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte, Philippines, the research employed a descriptive-correlational design and a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data on energy usage and carbon emissions were collected through electricity bills and energy monitoring devices, while qualitative insights were gathered through surveys and focus group discussions. Statistical analysis and thematic analysis were used to identify household energy consumption patterns, quantify carbon emissions during peak and off-peak hours, and evaluate strategies for shifting energy-intensive activities.

Keywords: Household Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, Load Management

JournalInternational Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
ISSN2454-6186
Volume / IssueVolume 9, Issue 11
Pages6737–6754
Publication dateDecember 22, 2025
DOI10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91100527
PublisherRSIS International
LicenseOpen Access

How to cite this article

Kimberly L. Mandalihan, Regie Boy B. Fabro, Argie S. Manuel, Peter John B. Ladran, & Dariel Justin V. Daquioag (2025). Time-Varying Electrical Loads: Analyzing Household Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Strategies for Load Management. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 9(11), 6737-6754. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91100527

BibTeX

@article{Kimberly2025,
  title   = {Time-Varying Electrical Loads: Analyzing Household Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions, and Strategies for Load Management},
  author  = {Kimberly L. Mandalihan and Regie Boy B. Fabro and Argie S. Manuel and Peter John B. Ladran and Dariel Justin V. Daquioag},
  journal = {International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)},
  volume  = {9},
  number  = {11},
  pages   = {6737--6754},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91100527},
  publisher = {RSIS International}
}