Responding to Climate Change through Livelihood Diversification: Implications of Household Economic Well-Being in Coastal Greater Accra

Abstract

This study explores the adaptive strategies employed by households in Chemuenaa, a coastal community in Ghana, in response to the growing impacts of climate change on traditional livelihoods. Drawing on structured survey data from 80 adult residents, the research examines the extent to which livelihood diversification prompted by ecological disruption affects both the social and economic well-being of local populations. Findings reveal that 67.5% of respondents engage in multiple income-generating activities, with women and individuals with basic education leading diversification efforts. Despite widespread perceptions of climaterelated livelihood decline particularly in fishing economic well-being remains constrained, with only 36.3% able to save regularly. Social capital emerged as a modest buffer, with stronger community ties linked to better economic outcomes. The study highlights the gendered nature of adaptive responses, the role of education in enhancing resilience, and the importance of integrating local knowledge systems into policy interventions. It concludes that while livelihood diversification is a crucial coping mechanism, its success is shaped by intersecting vulnerabilities and capacities that must be addressed in context-sensitive ways.