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International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)

Factors Influencing the Development of Literacy and Numeracy among Preschool Children in Rural Areas

byMuhammad Safar Abdurahman; Noor Hanim Harun; Shafira Shaqiera Drani; Ummi Suhaila Suhaimi; Farah Zulaikha Syahrizal

Published December 9, 2025  •  Vol. 9, Issue 11, pp. 4122–4129Open Access
DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91100320

Abstract

This study aims to identify the factors influencing the development of literacy and numeracy among preschool children in rural areas. Literacy and numeracy are critical aspects of early cognitive development that determine a child's ability to succeed in formal learning. This study employs a quantitative approach using a questionnaire instrument developed based on previous literature and learning theories such as Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruner. A total of 62 preschool teachers in Hulu Selangor were involved as study respondents. The findings indicate that factors such as basic facilities, classroom environment, the use of technology, teacher teaching methods, and parental involvement play a significant role in supporting children's literacy and numeracy development. This article also presents practical recommendations to the relevant authorities and suggests directions for future research.

Keywords: influencing factors, literacy, numeracy, preschool children, rural

JournalInternational Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
ISSN2454-6186
Volume / IssueVolume 9, Issue 11
Pages4122–4129
Publication dateDecember 9, 2025
DOI10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91100320
PublisherRSIS International
LicenseOpen Access

How to cite this article

Muhammad Safar Abdurahman, Noor Hanim Harun, Shafira Shaqiera Drani, Ummi Suhaila Suhaimi, & Farah Zulaikha Syahrizal (2025). Factors Influencing the Development of Literacy and Numeracy among Preschool Children in Rural Areas. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 9(11), 4122-4129. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91100320

BibTeX

@article{Muhammad2025,
  title   = {Factors Influencing the Development of Literacy and Numeracy among Preschool Children in Rural Areas},
  author  = {Muhammad Safar Abdurahman and Noor Hanim Harun and Shafira Shaqiera Drani and Ummi Suhaila Suhaimi and Farah Zulaikha Syahrizal},
  journal = {International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)},
  volume  = {9},
  number  = {11},
  pages   = {4122--4129},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.47772/IJRISS.2025.91100320},
  publisher = {RSIS International}
}