Factors of Childfree Choice: Insights from Malay Individuals in Malaysia

Abstract

The decision to remain childfree, defined as a deliberate choice to forgo having children, reflects a growing trend influenced by modern societal and economic dynamics. This qualitative study explores the multifaceted factors shaping childfree choices among Malay individuals in Malaysia, revealing a complex interplay of social and economic determinants. Through semi-structured and in-depth interviews with five informants, key themes emerged, including busy lifestyles, employer expectations, personal freedom, love-based marriages, shared values in marriage, a supportive social system, the absence of societal pressure, and concerns about financial instability. Findings indicate that demanding careers and economic uncertainties, particularly in the post-COVID-19 era, deter parenthood. At the same time, autonomy, mutual agreement, and supportive communities empower childfree choices, even in a traditionally pronatalist Malay cultural context. The study highlights a shift toward individualized definitions of marital fulfilment, challenging conventional family norms. Limitations include a small, non-representative sample and reliance on self-reported data, suggesting the need for mixed-methods and longitudinal research to enhance generalizability and explore evolving trends. Recommendations include developing family-friendly workplace policies, such as flexible work arrangements and affordable childcare, which could mitigate barriers to parenthood for those who desire it, as well as community interventions, while simultaneously studying their impact on childfree trends.