Biodiesel Synthesis: A Green Chemistry Solution for Alternative Energy

Abstract

This study investigates the synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using base-catalyzed transesterification with different alcohols: methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol. The primary objective is to evaluate the biodiesel yield and its physicochemical properties, including pH, color, density, acid value, and water content, under various molar ratios of oil to alcohol. Methanol emerged as the most effective alcohol, with a biodiesel yield of up to 98% achieved. This biodiesel exhibited favorable properties such as a low acid value and an optimal pH, making it suitable for fuel applications. Ethanol and 2-propanol, however, did not perform well under the tested conditions, yielding lower biodiesel amounts and exhibiting suboptimal physicochemical properties. The results emphasize the critical role of the oil-to-alcohol ratio in the production of high-quality biodiesel, with methanol showing superior performance compared to other alcohols. By optimizing this ratio, the study contributes valuable insights into improving biodiesel yield and quality. These findings are significant for the development of sustainable biodiesel production techniques, contributing to global efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and promote renewable energy solutions. By demonstrating the potential of green chemistry, the study advanced sustainable energy solutions through the production of high-quality biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Furthermore, by optimizing the methanol-to-oil ratio and adhering to European standards, the research highlighted how green chemistry can drive innovation toward a more sustainable energy future.