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International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)

A Study of Learner-Initiated Engagement in Informal English Language Learning

bySa’adiah Kummin; Halizah Omar; Devendran A/L Ramachandran; Harieza Hussin; Nazri Muslim

Published November 18, 2025  •  Vol. 9, Issue 10, pp. 7148–7159Open Access
DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS.2025.910000582

Abstract

This preliminary study aims to determine the level of exposure to English beyond the classroom among ESL learners. A total of 117 learners from various faculties at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) participated in this survey. The survey was designed to gather detailed insights into the learners' exposure to learning English outside of classroom hours, focusing on the four essential language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The survey collected demographic information and assessed learners' informal English activities. A series of questionnaires were used to collect data on the frequency, context, and intensity with which the learners used English. The results show that the learners gained exposure to all four language skills. Findings suggest consistent and varied exposure to informal English activities in different contexts is crucial for learners to reinforce and improve their language skills, resulting in enhanced language acquisition. By analysing responses to these questions, researchers can gain valuable insights into learners’ exposure to these informal English activities and their impact on language proficiency.

Keywords: Exposure; informal; skills; acquisition

JournalInternational Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)
ISSN2454-6186
Volume / IssueVolume 9, Issue 10
Pages7148–7159
Publication dateNovember 18, 2025
DOI10.47772/IJRISS.2025.910000582
PublisherRSIS International
LicenseOpen Access

How to cite this article

Sa’adiah Kummin, Halizah Omar, Devendran A/L Ramachandran, Harieza Hussin, & Nazri Muslim (2025). A Study of Learner-Initiated Engagement in Informal English Language Learning. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 9(10), 7148-7159. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.910000582

BibTeX

@article{Saadiah2025,
  title   = {A Study of Learner-Initiated Engagement in Informal English Language Learning},
  author  = {Sa’adiah Kummin and Halizah Omar and Devendran A/L Ramachandran and Harieza Hussin and Nazri Muslim},
  journal = {International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)},
  volume  = {9},
  number  = {10},
  pages   = {7148--7159},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.47772/IJRISS.2025.910000582},
  publisher = {RSIS International}
}