Examining the Role of Silat as Malay Intangible Cultural Heritage in Shaping Practitioners’ Self-Identity

Abstract

Silat is often understood as a traditional Malay martial art associated with self-defence, physical movement and cultural performance. However, the findings of this study demonstrate that Silat functions far beyond combat practice. It operates as a holistic system of self-identity formation, personality development, moral education, emotional regulation, spiritual consciousness and cultural continuity. Based on qualitative findings from individual interviews and focus group interviews with experienced Silat practitioners, instructors and former students, this article examines how Silat contributes to the cultivation of self-identity among practitioners. Thematic analysis reveals that discipline and self-control form the strongest foundation of Silat practice. These qualities support the development of confidence, courage, humility, ethical conduct, emotional maturity, leadership and social responsibility. The findings also show that Silat strengthens Malay cultural identity by connecting practitioners to heritage, family lineage, historical memory, spiritual values and community belonging. Verbatim quotations from participants indicate that Silat is not merely inherited as a cultural practice but actively embodied through training, ritual, teacher-student relationships and everyday conduct. This article argues that Silat should be recognised as a living form of intangible cultural heritage that develops disciplined, confident, morally responsible, emotionally resilient, spiritually aware and culturally grounded individuals.
Keywords: Silat; self-identity; intangible cultural heritage; Malay heritage; discipline; personality development.