Smart Greenhouse Hydroponic Irrigation Monitoring System

Abstract

Hydroponic farming has emerged as an efficient agricultural technique that enables crop production with reduced water consumption and improved nutrient management. However, maintaining an adequate nutrient solution level within the hydroponic reservoir is essential for ensuring healthy plant growth and uninterrupted system operation. This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-cost Smart Greenhouse Hydroponic Irrigation Monitoring System based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system employs a water level sensor to continuously monitor the nutrient solution level in the hydroponic reservoir and provides to users. The measured water level is categorized into three conditions: low, medium, and high. A red LED accompanied by a buzzer indicates a critically low water level requiring immediate attention, a yellow LED signals a moderate water level, while a green LED indicates that the reservoir contains sufficient nutrient solution. The sensor readings are also transmitted through the serial interface for monitoring and calibration purposes. To minimize sensor corrosion and improve energy efficiency, the water level sensor is powered only during measurement cycles. The developed prototype offers a simple, reliable, and cost-effective solution for monitoring hydroponic irrigation systems, making it suitable for small-scale greenhouse applications, educational laboratories, and smart agriculture demonstrations. The proposed system provides an affordable foundation that can be extended with automated pump control, wireless communication, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to support intelligent precision agriculture.