Operationalization of Community Policing and its Influence on Social Cohesion in Kiambu, County, Kenya

Abstract

Community policing can enhance both the social cohesion in multi-ethnic settings and at the same time address crime and insecurity when successfully implemented and effectively operationalized. This study assessed the influence of operationalization of community policing and its influence on social cohesion in Kiambu, County, Kenya. This study was anchored on two theoretical frameworks. Social Capital Theory emphasized how well trained and well-resourced Community Policing Committees can build relationships of trust and cooperation between police officers and community members. Resource Dependence Theory demonstrated how limited funding severely restrict operationalization of community policing therefore having negative implications on social cohesion. This study took the form of an exploratory research design which was purely qualitative. Both secondary and primary sources of data collection were employed by this study. The target population included Assistant Chiefs, Committee Members, Chairpersons of Community Policing Committees and Local Residents in the 12 sub-counties and 257 sub-locations of Kiambu County. Simple random sampling was employed to identify 332 informants for field interviews. The instruments of data collection comprised interview guides and focus group discussions developed in line with the research objective. The researcher analyzed the qualitative data by transcribing the data to produce a textual data set of which recurring themes and patterns and codes related to funding of community policing (CP) capacity building initiatives were generated. The study established that community policing in Kiambu County has the capability of enhancing social cohesiveness, reducing criminality and increasing community and law enforcement partnership/communication through shared responsibility. Through active participation of the community, social bonding was enhanced; communication was improved and the underlying causes of insecurity were addressed through this model, further validating community policing as an applicable, preventative method for reducing crime compared to traditionally reactive policing models. The research recommended government implementation and strengthening of community policing models. Community policing, when it is effectively implemented can create a safer society for all citizens, improve trust between citizens and their respective law enforcement agencies, and help to increase social harmony within communities.