Iatrogenic Diseases: When Healthcare Causes Harm

Abstract

Iatrogenic diseases represent an important challenge in modern healthcare, arising as unintended consequences of medical interventions intended to benefit patients. With advances in pharmacotherapy, diagnostic procedures, surgical techniques, and healthcare technologies, the scope of potential healthcare-related harm has also expanded. Although adverse drug reactions remain a major component of iatrogenic disease, the concept encompasses a broader range of conditions, including surgical complications, healthcare-associated infections, diagnostic errors, device-related injuries, and system-related failures. This review provides an overview of the evolution and concept of iatrogenesis, its classification, major clinical examples, contributing factors, and approaches for prevention. Particular emphasis is placed on pharmacovigilance, rational use of medicines, and patient-safety practices aimed at reducing preventable harm while improving the quality of healthcare delivery.