School Head Instructional Leadership Behavior, Sense of Efficacy, Work Engagement, and Work Values of Teachers: Structural Equation Model

Abstract

Low work values among teachers are alarming. The prevalence of low work values among segments of the teaching staff poses a significant challenge to the organizational integrity of educational institutions. The study was conducted to determine the best-fit model for teachers' work values in Region XI. A descriptive-correlational research design with structural equation modeling was employed to measure levels using means and standard deviations, assess relationships and influence using Pearson's r and multiple regression, and generate the best-fit model for teachers' work values. On the one hand, the levels of school heads' instructional leadership behaviors, teachers' sense of efficacy, work engagement, and work values are statistically very high, with positive and significant relationships found among these variables. Model 1 is the best-fit model based on goodness-of-fit indices. This suggests that the Department of Education emphasize strengthening teachers' efficacy in student engagement and classroom management, maintaining all aspects of work engagement, and fostering core values of discipline and achievement, which are essential professional identity factors that impact educational outcomes.