Ram Technology Advancement, A Systematic Review

Abstract

Random Access Memory (RAM) is an important part of modern computer systems because it tem- porarily stores data and instructions needed for fast processing. As technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, gaming, and big data continue to grow, the demand for faster, larger, and more energy efficient memory systems has increased. This paper reviews the advancement of RAM technology from traditional memories such as SRAM and DRAM to modern technologies including DDR5, High Bandwidth Memory (HBM), Magnet or resistive RAM (MRAM), Resistive RAM (RRAM), and Phase Change Memory (PCM). The study discusses major research challenges affecting RAM technology, including memory latency, high power consumption, heat generation, scalability problems, reliability issues, limited bandwidth, and the memory wall problem, where processor speed increases faster than memory speed. The paper also examines the contributions and limitations of different researchers and identifies possible solutions such as hybrid memory architectures, Processing-in- Memory (PIM), Computing-in-Memory (CIM), intelligent memory management, and advanced cooling systems. In conclusion, the study shows that although modern RAM technologies provide significant improvements in speed, bandwidth, and energy efficiency, challenges such as cost, thermal issues, scalability, and hardware integration still remain, making further research necessary for developing faster, more reliable, and energy-efficient memory systems for future computing applications.