Occupational Strain and Care Quality: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Workload, Overtime, and Work–Life Balance among Dialysis Nurses in Samar Island

Abstract

This study examined the relationship among workload, overtime hours, work–life balance, occupational strain, and perceived quality of care among dialysis nurses in Samar Island. Anchored on the Job Demand–Resources (JD-R) Model, the study aimed to determine the demographic profile of the respondents, assess the levels of the major study variables, examine significant relationships among selected variables, identify predictors of occupational strain, and determine whether occupational strain significantly predicted perceived quality of care. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational research design was employed. Data were gathered from 75 dialysis nurses working in dialysis hospitals, centers, and clinics in Samar Island using a structured self-developed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the respondents’ profile and the levels of the variables. Pearson product-moment correlation and regression analysis were utilized to determine significant relationships and predictive influence among variables. The findings revealed that the respondents were predominantly 31–40 years old, female, married, had 2 to 5 years of dialysis experience, held a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree, were regular employees, and were assigned in hospital-based dialysis units. The respondents generally agreed that they experienced workload, overtime hours, occupational strain, and perceived quality of care, while work–life balance was rated moderate. Significant positive relationships were found between workload and occupational strain, and between overtime hours and occupational strain. In contrast, work–life balance showed a significant negative relationship with occupational strain, indicating that better balance was associated with lower levels of strain. Regression analysis further revealed that workload, overtime hours, and work–life balance significantly predicted occupational strain, with work–life balance emerging as the strongest predictor. Occupational strain also significantly predicted perceived quality of care, suggesting that higher levels of strain were associated with lower perceived care quality among dialysis nurses. Based on the findings, an Occupational Strain Reduction and Care Quality Enhancement Program was proposed to support nurse well-being and improve care delivery. The study concluded that dialysis nurses in Samar Island work under demanding conditions, and that strengthening work–life balance while reducing excessive workload and overtime may help lessen occupational strain and support quality nursing care.