Beyond Willingness: Structural Barriers to Participation in School Activities

Abstract

The study finds that low participation in school activities is mainly caused by structural barriers such as time constraints, work and household responsibilities, financial limitations, and poor communication. Although parents and learners are willing to engage, conflicts with schedules, costs, and late announcements make participation difficult, especially for low-income families. The research concludes that these challenges are not due to lack of interest but to socioeconomic and organizational factors, and it recommends flexible scheduling, early communication, and reduced costs to make school involvement more accessible and inclusive.