A Review on Nanotechnology in Agricultural Systems.

Abstract

Nanotechnology has appeared as a transformative approach in modern agriculture, by providing innovative solutions to enhance productivity, sustainability and resource efficiency. Nanotechnology involves the manipulation and application of materials at nanoscale (1-100nm), where unique physicochemical properties enhance performance compared to conventional material. In agriculture, nanotechnology has facilitated the development of innovative product such as nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanoherbicides, nanosensors and nano-enabled delivery systems. The application of Nano materials such as silver, gold, zinc oxide and iron oxide in agricultural systems enables targeted delivery of fertilizers, pesticides and nutrients, reducing environmental pollution and improving crop yield. Nano-enabled sensors and diagnostic tools facilitate precise monitoring of soil health, plant growth and pest infestations, promoting informed decision-making and precision farming. However, the comprehensive risk assessment, proper regulation and sustainable application strategies are essential for the safe integration of nanotechnology into the agricultural system. This review examine the use of nanotechnology to the development of smart packaging, post-harvest preservation, water management strategies, ensuring food security and quality in Agriculture. Despite its promising potential, the adoption of nanotechnology in agriculture requires careful assessment of its environmental impact, toxicity and regulatory frameworks. Overall, integrating nanotechnology into agricultural systems represents a significant step toward sustainable, efficient, high-yield farming practices and food security.