International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS)
Synthesis of Silver-4-Phenylenediamine–Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and Ph-Dependent Characteristics of 4-Phenylenediamine–Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
Published April 14, 2026 • Vol. 11, Issue 3, pp. 1105–1115Open Access
DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS.2026.11030087
Abstract
The spectral characteristics of 4-phenylenediamine (4PDA) in various solvents, and in the presence of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at pH~3, and pH~7 were investigated using UV–visible, fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence measurements, and PM3 computational methods.
Both pH conditions, 4PDA exhibited distinct absorption and emission shifts upon complexation with α-CD and β-CD. In various solvents, the absorption and emission maxima of 4PDA were similar to those of 4-anisidine. 4PDA showed a single broad emission band in all solvents, whereas dual emission observed in CD solutions indicates the presence of a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process in the 4PDA molecule. The fluorescence lifetimes of the inclusion complexes were greater than that of free 4PDA. The 4PDA–CD inclusion complexes and silver:4PDA:CD nanomaterials were synthesized and characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. SEM–EDX data confirmed the presence of 2.9 % silver in the nanomaterials.
Keywords: 2-phenylenediamine, cyclodextrin, silver nano, pH effects, TICT.
| Journal | International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) |
|---|---|
| ISSN | 2454-6194 |
| Volume / Issue | Volume 11, Issue 3 |
| Pages | 1105–1115 |
| Publication date | April 14, 2026 |
| DOI | 10.51584/IJRIAS.2026.11030087 |
| Publisher | RSIS International |
| License | Open Access |
How to cite this article
N. Rajendiran, P. Ramasamy, P. Senthilraja, & S. Senthilmurugan (2026). Synthesis of Silver-4-Phenylenediamine–Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and Ph-Dependent Characteristics of 4-Phenylenediamine–Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 11(3), 1105-1115. https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2026.11030087
BibTeX
@article{N2026,
title = {Synthesis of Silver-4-Phenylenediamine–Cyclodextrin Nanomaterials and Ph-Dependent Characteristics of 4-Phenylenediamine–Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes},
author = {N. Rajendiran and P. Ramasamy and P. Senthilraja and S. Senthilmurugan},
journal = {International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS)},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {1105--1115},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.51584/IJRIAS.2026.11030087},
publisher = {RSIS International}
}