Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolated from Human and Poultry Faeces in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria

Abstract

This study accessed the prevalence and molecular characteristics of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 in humans and poultry within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. A total prevalence of 9% was observed in humans, with 7.5% in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps and 10.5% in hospitals, while poultry showed a prevalence of 0.8%. The isolates exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance, with 100% resistance to oxytetracycline in both human and poultry samples. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes were detected, and virulent genes including rfbE, eaeA, stx1, and stx2 were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close genetic relationships between human and poultry isolates, suggesting possible cross-transmission and zoonotic potential. These findings highlight the urgent need for judicious antibiotic use, regular surveillance, and molecular monitoring to guide antimicrobial therapy and prevent outbreaks. The study underscores the importance of adopting a One Health approach to address antimicrobial resistance and safeguard public health.