Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Escherichia Coli Among Clinical Isolates in Lautech Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are major extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing organism. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) inactivate newer cephalosporins through hydrolysis, increasing therapeutic failure and antibiotic resistance worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL-production in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates. A total of one hundred and four (104) Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates from various clinical samples were obtained from Medical Microbiology Laboratories of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital. Isolates collected were recovered on MacConkey agar at 35°C and then identified using standard biochemical tests. They were further screened for antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance by disc diffusion method. Isolates that were resistant to at least two of the third-group cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were confirmed as ESBL producers using Double Disks Synergy Test (DDST). Out of the one hundred and four (104) isolates screened, twenty (20) were confirmed by DDST to be ESBL producers. The prevalence rate of ESBL production in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates were observed to be 19.2%. The study established the prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli among clinical isolates in the study area. Therefore, monitoring dissemination and transmissions of ESBL producers are highly recommended for optimum patient care and preventing the spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens.