Effect of Short-Term Task-Oriented Rehabilitation on Pain and Disability in Post-Fracture Upper-Limb Malunion: A Single-Group Pre–Post Interventional Study

Abstract

Background
Upper-limb fracture malunion is a common musculoskeletal complication resulting in persistent pain, altered biomechanics, restricted mobility, and functional disability. Conventional physiotherapy commonly emphasizes range of motion and muscle strengthening but may inadequately address functional performance required for daily activities. Task-oriented rehabilitation, based on motor learning principles, emphasizes repetitive, goal-directed functional tasks and may enhance functional recovery.
Objective
To evaluate the effect of short-term task-oriented rehabilitation on disability and pain in individuals with post-fracture upper-limb malunion.
Methods
A single-group pre–post interventional study was conducted on 20 participants aged 18–60 years with upper-limb fracture malunion of ≥3 months duration. Participants underwent a structured 2-week task-oriented rehabilitation program consisting of 45-minute sessions, three times per week. Disability was assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Pre- and post-intervention outcomes were analysed using the paired t-test, with the level of significance set at p < 0.05.
Results
Results: DASH scores improved significantly from 52.3 ± 8.7 to 34.6 ± 7.5 (p < 0.001). VAS scores reduced from 6.1 ± 1.2 to 3.2 ± 1.0 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Short-term task-oriented rehabilitation significantly reduces disability and pain in individuals with post-fracture upper-limb malunion and may serve as an effective clinical approach for improving functional performance and independence.