Brain Care Score, Tau-SUVR and Amyloid-Tau Biomarkers Across Menopausal Transitions in Gender-Specific Determinants of Dementia Risk

Abstract

Current dementia prevention strategies frequently rely on a generalized “one-size-fits-all” framework for risk assessment and clinical evaluation. However, it is evident that substantial biological, hormonal, and socio-behavioral differences between males and females influence both dementia risk and diagnostic accuracy. In this context, the effectiveness of the Brain Care Score (BCS), a 21-point modifiable lifestyle and health assessment tool is evaluated. By synthesizing data from large longitudinal cohort studies involving more than 250,000 participants, we highlight how incremental improvements in modifiable risk factors are associated with measurable reductions in the risk of dementia, stroke, and depression. Conventional diagnostic frameworks may underestimate early cognitive impairment in women. Studies indicate that women often demonstrate higher baseline memory performance and greater cognitive reserve, which can mask early disease manifestations during standard neuropsychological testing. This phenomenon may delay diagnosis despite the presence of underlying neuropathology. Integrating lifestyle-based risk metrics such as BCS with sex-specific biomarker interpretation, including patterns of Amyloid beta deposition and Tau pathology provides a more accurate assessment of early disease trajectories. Together, these findings support a more integrated framework for dementia prevention that combines lifestyle-based risk scoring with biologically informed, sex-specific diagnostic approaches. Such a strategy aligns with the broader goals of precision medicine by acknowledging that dementia risk and progression are shaped not only by modifiable lifestyle factors but also by sex-dependent neurobiological mechanisms. Incorporating both dimensions into clinical and research paradigms may improve early detection, refine risk stratification, and ultimately guide more effective prevention strategies tailored to individual patient profiles.