A Novel Technology of a Bms with Charge Monitoring and Protection from Fire for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Major obstacles to temperature control in Electric Vehicle (EV) Battery Management Systems (BMS) include battery overheating, delayed cold-temperature charging, energy loss, decreased efficiency, cell imbalance, and long-term durability problems. Continuous monitoring of each cell’s voltage, current, and temperature along with microcontroller-based real-time data processing can successfully reduce these difficulties. Accurate State of Charge (SoC) and State of Health (SoH) estimation, thermal modeling, early fault diagnosis, and defect detection techniques all contribute to further advancements.
This work proposes an intelligent and comprehensive BMS ar- chitecture incorporating advanced thermal management, cell balancing, and fire prevention strategies supported by gas and hazard detection sensors. The charging and discharging performance of the proposed system is validated using MATLAB/Simulink simulations. Experimental results from hardware implementation and real-time testing demonstrate significant enhancement in battery lifespan, charging efficiency, thermal stability, and vehicle safety. The system also strengthens fire hazard mitigation and improves battery reliability through effective cell balancing and gas monitoring.
By resolving important safety and thermal constraints and enhancing overall charging performance and durability, the suggested design contributes to the development of safer, more intelligent, and more reliable EV battery systems.