Application of Enhanced Hierachical Algorithm for Base Station Energy Management in LTE Access Network of 4G Broadband System

Abstract

One of the major challenges in base station 4G broadband communication system is efficient energy management. An enhanced hierarchical algorithm can be used to improve this energy management issues. Fuzzy logic algorithm for optimum target-based station was developed, a hierarchical routing algorithm for improving energy saving of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) access network was equally developed. Then, energy savings resulting from the hybrid application developed algorithm was evaluated and a SIMULINK model for the simulation and analysis of the LTE access network energy saving was designed and validated. The results obtained were Mean residual energy for Non-hierarchical technique which was 8.2300J. In non-hierarchical algorithm, there is no cluster head formation. (The non-hierarchical technique allows all eNodeB transmission to go directly to the BS) Mean residual energy for 2 Cluster Head (CH) hierarchical routing when fuzzy controller was imbibed in the system was 11.1541J. With these results obtained, it definitely meant that percentage enhancement in the energy efficient model for base station management in 4G broadband system when fuzzy based hierarchical algorithm was integrated into the system was 36.6%. Furthermore, the hierarchical clustering approach extended the network lifetime by approximately 52.5% for three-cluster head hierarchical routing model compared to the conventional non-hierarchical system. The study proposed an energy-efficient LTE base station management model using three cluster formations with hierarchical routing. Cluster head election was based on transmission energy estimates, with role rotation and data aggregation to optimize performance. MATLAB simulations showed improved eNodeB energy efficiency, while further research is recommended on four or five cluster formations for greater efficiency. The study develops a hierarchical–fuzzy logic framework for 4G base stations, enabling dynamic energy-efficient management through adaptive algorithms. Simulations show reduced energy waste, improved decision-making, and support for green ICT, providing a foundation for future 5G/6G research.