Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Beans Sold in Karu Market, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Abstract

The presence of organophosphorus pesticide residues in food commodities poses significant health risks to consumers and these pesticides are widely used in Nigeria to enhance crop yields. This study determined the presences and levels of organophosphorus pesticide residues in beans sold in Karu Market, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Bean samples were collected from the market and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for residues of organophosphorus pesticides, the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was used for extraction and clean-up of pesticide residues. The analysis detected residues of pesticides such as Ethoprophos, Dichlofenthion, Methyl parathion, Chlorpyrifos, Ronnel, Phosphorodithioic acid, O-(2, 4-dicorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl ester and Azinphos-methyl in the bean samples, brown and white beans respectively. Concentrations of some residues exceeded maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by regulatory bodies. Findings highlight potential health risks associated with consumption and underscore the need for regular monitoring and regulation of pesticide use in agricultural practices.