Prevalence of Playing Related Musculoskeletal Disorder in Keyboard and Guitar Players

Abstract

Background: Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are common among musicians due to prolonged practice hours, repetitive movements, and sustained awkward postures. Despite growing global literature, limited Indian data exist focusing on keyboard and guitar players.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of PRMDs among keyboard and guitar players and to assess pain intensity, instrument-related functional difficulties, and upper limb disability.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 132 keyboard and guitar players aged ≥16 years from Nagpur city. Participants practicing for more than five hours per week were assessed using the Performing Arts Module of the DASH questionnaire, Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (PRWHE), and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.
Results: The overall prevalence of PRMDs was found to be high, with the neck, shoulder, wrist, and hand being the most commonly affected regions. Moderate levels of pain and functional disability were observed, particularly in participants practicing for more than 14 hours per week.
Conclusion: PRMDs are highly prevalent among keyboard and guitar players. Early screening, ergonomic education, and physiotherapy-based preventive strategies are essential to reduce disability and improve performance longevity.