Examining Suitable Precision Irrigation Systems for Effective Farming in Manicaland Province in Zimbabwe

Abstract

This study examines the suitability of precision irrigation systems for effective farming in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. The Manicaland Province has been prone to a lot of climatic variability, especially droughts, water scarcity, and soil degradation. Therefore, it is important to implement efficient irrigation techniques in order to enhance agricultural productivity. From the literature, the researchers observed that policies, governance structures, and regulatory frameworks have a huge role in driving the adoption of precision irrigation system. However, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis on how these factors either promote or hinder precision irrigation practices in Zimbabwe. Therefore, it was necessary to study these institutional dynamics in helping policymakers create a conducive environment for farmers to adopt these technologies. There was a need for an impact assessment of existing precision irrigation initiatives in Zimbabwe. While various projects and pilot programs have been introduced, limited empirical studies have been conducted. Therefore, it is essential to undergo evaluation of their effectiveness, scalability, and long-term sustainability. Conducting such assessments will provide valuable insights into best practices and potential areas for improvement. The objectives included to assess the current status of irrigation systems, to evaluate the challenges and opportunities of the current irrigation methods used in Manicaland, to identify the most suitable precision irrigation systems for Manicaland and to develop a plan of implementation of the suitable precision irrigation systems in Manicaland. The researchers employed a mixed research methodology, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches in the study. The researchers used a purposive sampling method for the identification and selection of participants for the study. The sample size for the study was 38 farmers and key informants. The data collection instruments used were questionnaires and interview guides. The findings suggest that precision irrigation systems such as centre pivot, drip, and micro-jets hold significant potential for addressing water scarcity issues while improving agricultural efficiency in the province. Based on these insights, the study proposes recommendations for policy and practice, emphasizing the importance of capacity building, financial incentives, and further research to ensure the successful adoption of precision irrigation systems such as automated irrigation, air-based irrigation, drone irrigation and sub-surface drip irrigation systems in order to have food security in Manicaland.