Assessment of Phytochemical Constituents and Toxicity Profile of Trema Orientalis Leaves Extract.

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical composition and toxicological safety of the ethanolic extract of Trema orientalis leaves. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, and carbohydrates, indicating that the plant is rich in bioactive constituents. Acute oral toxicity was evaluated in Swiss albino mice at doses ranging from 250 to 3000 mg/kg body weight. No mortality, behavioral changes, or signs of toxicity were observed, indicating that the extract is safe up to 3000 mg/kg. Sub-acute toxicity was assessed by administering 500 mg/kg of the extract for 14 consecutive days. The treatment did not produce any significant changes in body weight, liver enzymes (SGPT, SGOT, ALP), bilirubin, creatinine, lipid profile, or HDL levels when compared to the control group. These findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of Trema orientalis leaves is non-toxic under both acute and short-term repeated exposure. The presence of multiple phytochemicals along with its favorable safety profile supports the potential of this plant for further pharmacological and therapeutic investigations.