International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS)
Divergent Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying 40 Hz, 528 Hz, And 432 Hz Sound Exposure: A Review of Biomarker Evidence in Anxiety and Depression
Published December 27, 2025 • Vol. 10, Issue 11, pp. 1673–1689Open Access
DOI: 10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.101100156
Abstract
Growing interest in non-pharmacological approaches to mental health has renewed scientific attention toward the therapeutic effects of sound. Within this expanding domain, specific frequencies such as 40 Hz, 528 Hz, and 432 Hz have attracted both popular and research-oriented curiosity, yet their biological and psychological effects remain unevenly understood. Anxiety and depression are complex conditions driven by interactions between neural oscillations, stress-endocrine pathways, autonomic regulation and affective circuitry, making biomarker-based investigations essential for understanding how acoustic stimuli may influence emotional health. This narrative review synthesises evidence on the biomarker-level effects of the three frequencies and highlights the distinct neurophysiological pathways through which each appears to operate.
Keywords: Sound frequency stimulation; Gamma entrainment
| Journal | International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS) |
|---|---|
| ISSN | 2454-6194 |
| Volume / Issue | Volume 10, Issue 11 |
| Pages | 1673–1689 |
| Publication date | December 27, 2025 |
| DOI | 10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.101100156 |
| Publisher | RSIS International |
| License | Open Access |
How to cite this article
Dr. Anita Sagar (2025). Divergent Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying 40 Hz, 528 Hz, And 432 Hz Sound Exposure: A Review of Biomarker Evidence in Anxiety and Depression. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), 10(11), 1673-1689. https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.101100156
BibTeX
@article{Dr2025,
title = {Divergent Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying 40 Hz, 528 Hz, And 432 Hz Sound Exposure: A Review of Biomarker Evidence in Anxiety and Depression},
author = {Dr. Anita Sagar},
journal = {International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS)},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {1673--1689},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.51584/IJRIAS.2025.101100156},
publisher = {RSIS International}
}